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Technology Roadmap for Flexible Sensors

ACS NANO 2023年第6期17卷 5211-5295页

作者： Luo, Yifei Abidian, Mohammad Reza Ahn, Jong-Hyun Akinwande, Deji Andrews, Anne M. Antonietti, Markus Bao, Zhenan Berggren, Magnus Berkey, Christopher A. Bettinger, Christopher John Chen, Jun Chen, Peng Cheng, Wenlong Cheng, Xu Choi, Seon-Jin Chortos, Alex Dagdeviren, Canan Dauskardt, Reinhold H. Di, Chong-an Dickey, Michael D. Duan, Xiangfeng Facchetti, Antonio Fan, Zhiyong Fang, Yin Feng, Jianyou Feng, Xue Gao, Huajian Gao, Wei Gong, Xiwen Guo, Chuan Fei Guo, Xiaojun Hartel, Martin C. He, Zihan Ho, John S. Hu, Youfan Huang, Qiyao Huang, Yu Huo, Fengwei Hussain, Muhammad M. Javey, Ali Jeong, Unyong Jiang, Chen Jiang, Xingyu Kang, Jiheong Karnaushenko, Daniil Khademhosseini, Ali Kim, Dae-Hyeong Kim, Il-Doo Kireev, Dmitry Kong, Lingxuan Lee, Chengkuo Lee, Nae-Eung Lee, Pooi See Lee, Tae-Woo Li, Fengyu Li, Jinxing Liang, Cuiyuan Lim, Chwee Teck Lin, Yuanjing Lipomi, Darren J. Liu, Jia Liu, Kai Liu, Nan Liu, Ren Liu, Yuxin Liu, Yuxuan Liu, Zhiyuan Liu, Zhuangjian Loh, Xian Jun Lu, Nanshu Lv, Zhisheng Magdassi, Shlomo Malliaras, George G. Matsuhisa, Naoji Nathan, Arokia Niu, Simiao Pan, Jieming Pang, Changhyun Pei, Qibing Peng, Huisheng Qi, Dianpeng Ren, Huaying Rogers, John A. Rowe, Aaron Schmidt, Oliver G. Sekitani, Tsuyoshi Seo, Dae-Gyo Shen, Guozhen Sheng, Xing Shi, Qiongfeng Someya, Takao Song, Yanlin Stavrinidou, Eleni Su, Meng Sun, Xuemei Takei, Kuniharu Tao, Xiao-Ming Tee, Benjamin C. K. Thean, Aaron Voon-Yew Trung, Tran Quang Wan, Changjin Wang, Huiliang Wang, Joseph Wang, Ming Wang, Sihong Wang, Ting Wang, Zhong Lin Weiss, Paul S. Wen, Hanqi Xu, Sheng Xu, Tailin Yan, Hongping Yan, Xuzhou Yang, Hui Yang, Le Yang, Shuaijian Yin, Lan Yu, Cunjiang Yu, Guihua Yu, Jing Yu, Shu-Hong Yu, Xinge Zamburg, Evgeny Zhang, Haixia Zhang, Xiangyu Zhang, Xiaosheng Zhang, Xueji Zhang, Yihui Zhang, Yu Zhao, Siyuan Zhao, Xuanhe Zheng, Yuanjin Zheng, Yu-Qing Zheng, Zijian Zhou, Tao Zhu, Bowen Zhu, Ming Zhu, Rong Zhu, Yangzhi Zhu, Yong Zou, Guijin Chen, Xiaodong 08-03 Innovis Singapore 138634 Republic of Singapore Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX) School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore 639798 Singapore Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Houston Houston Texas 77024 United States School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas 78712 United States Microelectronics Research Center The University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas 78758 United States Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry California NanoSystems Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior and Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California 90095 United States Colloid Chemistry Department Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces 14476 Potsdam Germany Department of Chemical Engineering Stanford University Stanford California 94305 United States Laboratory of Organic Electronics Department of Science and Technology Campus Norrköping Linköping University 83 Linköping Sweden Wallenberg Initiative Materials Science for Sustainability (WISE) and Wallenberg Wood Science Center (WWSC) SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden Department of Materials Science and Engineering Stanford University Stanford California 94301 United States Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213 United States Department of Bioengineering University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California 90095 United States School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637457 Singapore Nanobionics Group Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Monash University Clayton Australia 3800 Monash

Humans rely increasingly on sensors to address grand challenges and to improve quality of life in the era of digitalization and big data. For ubiquitous sensing, flexible sensors are developed to overcome the limitations of conventional rigid counterparts. Despite rapid advancement in bench-side research over the last decade, the market adoption of flexible sensors remains limited. To ease and to expedite their deployment, here, we identify bottlenecks hindering the maturation of flexible sensors and propose promising solutions. We first analyze continued...challenges in achieving satisfactory sensing performance for real-world applications and then summarize issues in compatible sensor-biology interfaces, followed by brief discussions on powering and connecting sensor networks. Issues en route to commercialization and for sustainable growth of the sector are also analyzed, highlighting environmental concerns and emphasizing nontechnical issues such as business, regulatory, and ethical considerations. Additionally, we look at future intelligent flexible sensors. In proposing a comprehensive roadmap, we hope to steer research efforts towards common goals and to guide coordinated development strategies from disparate communities. Through such collaborative

关键词： soft materials mechanics engineering flexible electronics conformable sensors bioelectronics human-machine interfaces body area sensor networks technology translation sustainable electronics

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MRLATO: An Adaptive Task Offloading Mechanism Based on Meta Reinforcement Learning in Edge Computing Environment

引用

IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 2025年

作者： Zhang, Peiying Liu, Jiamin Guizani, Maher Wang, Jian Kumar, Neeraj Tan, Lizhuang Qingdao Institute of Software College of Computer Science and Technology Qingdao266580 China Shandong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Oil & Gas Industrial Software Qingdao266580 China Ministry of Education Qilu University of Technology Shandong Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security Jinan250014 China University of Texas Arlington Computer Science and Engineering Department TX United States College of Science Qingdao266580 China Thapar University Department of Computer Science and Engineering Patiala147004 India Jinan250014 China Shandong Fundamental Research Center for Computer Science Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computing Power Internet and Service Computing Jinan250014 China

Traditional cloud computing models struggle to meet the requirements of latency-sensitive applications when processing large amounts of data. As a solution, Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC) extends computing resources to the edge of the network to reduce processing delays and improve user experience. However, in dynamically changing edge computing environments, effective decision making on whether to offload tasks to edge servers remains a core challenge. For this purpose, we propose MRLATO, an adaptive task offloading mechanism based on Meta Reinforcement Learning (MRL), which exploits a large amount of a priori knowledge of different tasks to achieve fast adaptation. The task offloading process is modelled as multiple Markov Decision Processes (MDPs) and solved using a Sequence to Sequence (Seq2Seq) neural network integrating multi-head attention and recursive task sequencing. It is shown by the experimental results that the proposed method has the lowest latency in all experimental settings and the convergence efficiency is improved by 14.06% compared to the traditional Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) algorithm. This research fully demonstrates the significant benefits of the deep integration of MRL with the edge computing domain, providing new optimisation ideas for task offloading decisions. © 1967-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Computation offloading

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Federated Learning-Based Intelligent Indoor Smoke and Fire Detection System for Smart Buildings

Federated Learning-Based Intelligent Indoor Smoke and Fire D...

引用

2024 International Conference on Telecommunications and Intelligent Systems, ICTIS 2024

作者： Aymene Berkani, Mohamed Rafik Chouchane, Ammar Himeur, Yassine Abdennebi, Anes Sagiroglu, Seref Amira, Abbes Medea Algeria University Biskra University Center of Barika Laboratory of LI3C Amdoukal Road Barika05001 Algeria University of Dubai College of Engineering and Information Technology Dubai United Arab Emirates École de Technologie Supérieure Software and Information Technology Engineering Montréal Canada Analytics Security R&D Center Gazi University Artificial Intelligence and Big Data Ankara Turkey University of Sharjah Department of Computer Science Sharjah United Arab Emirates

ISBN: (纸本)9798331527396

Ensuring safety in smart buildings is crucial due to the increasing prevalence of smoke and fire hazards in modern environments. This paper introduces a novel privacy-preserving FL approach based on a CNN1D for smoke and fire detection in smart buildings. Our system integrates data from wearable environmental sensors to train a lightweight, edge-deployable DL-CNN1D model, ensuring data privacy while enabling collaborative learning across distributed clients using Federated Averaging (FedAvg) aggregation. Experiments conducted on a comprehensive air measurement dataset for smoke and fire detection demonstrate exceptional performance, with the global model achieving 99.97% accuracy, 99.96% precision, in smoke and fire recognition. Our model demonstrates a low communication cost of 0.4 MB, underscoring its efficiency for real-time applications. Our FL-based approach represents a significant step towards balancing the need for robust safety systems with growing privacy concerns in smart building environments. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Federated learning

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Fast target-aware learning for few-shot video object segmentation

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science China(Information sciences) 2022年第8期65卷 71-86页

作者： Yadang CHEN Chuanyan HAO Zhi-Xin YANG Enhua WU Engineering Research Center of Digital Forensics Ministry of EducationSchool of Computer and SoftwareNanjing University of Information Science and Technology School of Education Science and Technology Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City Department of Electromechanical EngineeringUniversity of Macau State Key Laboratory of Computer Science Institute of SoftwareUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Faculty of Science and Technology University of Macau

Few-shot video object segmentation(FSVOS) aims to segment a specific object throughout a video sequence when only the first-frame annotation is given. In this study, we develop a fast target-aware learning approach for FSVOS, where the proposed approach adapts to new video sequences from its firstframe annotation through a lightweight procedure. The proposed network comprises two models. First, the meta knowledge model learns the general semantic features for the input video image and up-samples the coarse predicted mask to the original image size. Second, the target model adapts quickly from the limited support set. Concretely, during the online inference for testing the video, we first employ fast optimization techniques to train a powerful target model by minimizing the segmentation error in the first frame and then use it to predict the subsequent frames. During the offline training, we use a bilevel-optimization strategy to mimic the full testing procedure to train the meta knowledge model across multiple video *** proposed method is trained only on an individual public video object segmentation(VOS) benchmark without additional training sets and compared favorably with state-of-the-art methods on DAVIS-2017, with a J &F overall score of 71.6%, and on YouT ubeVOS-2018, with a J &F overall score of 75.4%. Meanwhile,a high inference speed of approximately 0.13 s per frame is maintained.

关键词： video object segmentation few-shot target-aware meta knowledge bilevel-optimization

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Temporally Consistent Referring Video Object Segmentation with Hybrid Memory

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2024年

作者： Miao, Bo Bennamoun, Mohammed Gao, Yongsheng Shah, Mubarak Mian, Ajmal The Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering The University of Western Australia Perth CrawleyWA6009 Australia The School of Engineering Griffith University BrisbaneQLD4111 Australia The Center for Research in Computer Vision University of Central Florida OrlandoFL32816 United States

Referring Video Object Segmentation (R-VOS) methods face challenges in maintaining consistent object segmentation due to temporal context variability and the presence of other visually similar objects. We propose an end-to-end R-VOS paradigm that explicitly models temporal instance consistency alongside the referring segmentation. Specifically, we introduce a novel hybrid memory that facilitates inter-frame collaboration for robust spatio-temporal matching and propagation. Features of frames with automatically generated high-quality reference masks are propagated to segment the remaining frames based on multi-granularity association to achieve temporally consistent R-VOS. Furthermore, we propose a new Mask Consistency Score (MCS) metric to evaluate the temporal consistency of video segmentation. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our approach enhances temporal consistency by a significant margin, leading to top-ranked performance on popular R-VOS benchmarks, i.e., Ref-YouTube-VOS (67.1%) and Ref-DAVIS17 (65.6%). The code is available at https://***/bo-miao/HTR. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Video analysis

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SpaceCube GHOST: A Resilient Processor for Low-Power, High-Reliability Space Computing

SpaceCube GHOST: A Resilient Processor for Low-Power, High-R...

引用

IEEE Conference on Aerospace

作者： Noah Perryman Nicholas Franconi Gary Crum Christopher Wilson Alan D. George Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering NSF Center for Space High-Performance and Resilient Computing (SHREC) University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA Science Data Processing Branch Code 587 Software Engineering Division NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt MD

There is a direct need for high-visibility NASA missions that provide significant scientific impact or have a high mission class using completely radiation-hardened (rad-hard) electronics solutions, to enable artificial intelligence (AI) applications in harsh environments despite severe size, weight, and power (SWaP) constraints. For these missions, where current state-of-the-art solutions are too power-demanding or are incapable of surviving the intended radiation environment, an alternative rad-hard processing architecture that can leverage the control-flow capabilities of scalar processors while also incorporating the hardware-acceleration capabilities of an FPGA is of significant value. Therefore, in this research, we propose a miniaturized (3.5 in. × 3.5 in. form factor) processor card featuring the GR740 quad-core rad-hard processor and the CertusPro-NX-RT radiation-tolerant FPGA, called the SpaceCube GR740 Host for Onboard science and Telemetry (GHOST) architecture. The card will be designed to conform to the NASA Goddard Space Flight center (GSFC) CubeSat Card Specification (CS2), which provides a common template to build new 1U CubeSat-sized cards compatible with a variety of other avionics designs. The GR740 features a fault-tolerant quad- processor LEON4FT SPARC V8 integer unit with a 7-stage pipeline and 4×4 KiB instruction and data caches. To extend the capabilities of the GR740, the CertusPro-NX-RT, a low-power radiation-tolerant FPGA, was combined to create a hybrid system architecture, providing the benefits of a programmable logic fabric. The GHOST architecture supports high-reliability, general-purpose processing and system monitoring via the GR740 while simultaneously increasing the AI-based application performance via a combination of the GR740 and CertusPro-NX-RT.

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Improving Transformers with Probabilistic Attention Keys 39

Improving Transformers with Probabilistic Attention Keys

引用

39th International Conference on Machine Learning, ICML 2022

作者： Nguyen, Tam Nguyen, Tan M. Le, Dung D. Nguyen, Duy Khuong Tran, Viet-Anh Baraniuk, Richard G. Ho, Nhat Osher, Stanley J. FPT Software AI Center Ha Noi Viet Nam Department of Mathematics University of California Los Angeles United States College of Engineering and Computer Science VinUniversity Ha Noi Viet Nam Deezer Research France Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University Houston United States Department of Statistics and Data Sciences The University of Texas Austin United States

Multi-head attention is a driving force behind state-of-the-art transformers, which achieve remarkable performance across a variety of natural language processing (NLP) and computer vision tasks. It has been observed that for many applications, those attention heads learn redundant embedding, and most of them can be removed without degrading the performance of the model. Inspired by this observation, we propose Transformer with a Mixture of Gaussian Keys (Transformer-MGK), a novel transformer architecture that replaces redundant heads in transformers with a mixture of keys at each head. These mixtures of keys follow a Gaussian mixture model and allow each attention head to focus on different parts of the input sequence efficiently. Compared to its conventional transformer counterpart, Transformer-MGK accelerates training and inference, has fewer parameters, and requires fewer FLOPs to compute while achieving comparable or better accuracy across tasks. Transformer-MGK can also be easily extended to use with linear attention. We empirically demonstrate the advantage of Transformer-MGK in a range of practical applications, including language modeling and tasks that involve very long sequences. On the Wikitext-103 and Long Range Arena benchmark, Transformer-MGKs with 4 heads attain comparable or better performance to the baseline transformers with 8 heads. Copyright © 2022 by the author(s)

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Designing Quantum-Safe Lattice-Based Multi-Authority CP-ABE Scheme for Blockchain-Enabled IoT-Based Consumer Healthcare Electronics

引用

IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics 2025年

作者： Bagchi, Prithwi Bisht, Abhishek Das, Ashok Kumar Saxena, Neetesh Hossain, M. Shamim International Institute of Information Technology Center for Security Theory and Algorithmic Research Hyderabad500 032 India Department of Computer Science and Engineering College of Informatics Korea University 145 Anam-ro Seongbuk-gu Seoul02841 Korea Republic of Cardiff University School of Computer Science and Informatics CardiffCF24 4AG United Kingdom King Saud University College of Computer and Information Sciences Department of Software Engineering Riyadh13273 Saudi Arabia

Despite edge computing reducing communication delays associated with cloud computing, privacy concerns remain a significant challenge when sharing data from edge-based consumer electronics (CE) or Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices. Ciphertext policy attribute-based encryption (CP-ABE) is a cryptographic tool that facilitates intricate and refined access control. It can deliver more flexible, secure, compact, and effective access control policies for the cloud data. In the case of a conventional CP-ABE scheme, the keys can only be issued and disseminated by a trusted central authority (CA). However, if the CA is compromised, the entire system becomes more susceptible to assaults or failures, which leads to a single-point failure. In this article, we propose a Ring-Learning with Errors (Ring-LWE)-based MA-CP-ABE scheme that is effectively resolved by the multi-authority CP-ABE (MA-CP-ABE), and it ensures the security against quantum attacks. The threshold secret sharing by Shamir and the Lagrange interpolation formula are applied in the key-generation and decryption procedures of the proposed scheme, which make it easier to segment and restore the private keys. The proposed scheme is implemented in the CE-enabled IoT-based smart healthcare applications using the blockchain technology as a secure storage. A detailed comparative study, security analysis and experimental results with the existing relevant schemes shows that the proposed scheme exhibits superior security and better efficiency as compared to other schemes, demonstrating its feasibility in practical IoT-based healthcare applications. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Quantum cryptography

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Sparse is Enough in Fine-tuning Pre-trained Large Language Models

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2023年

作者： Song, Weixi Li, Zuchao Zhang, Lefei Zhao, Hai Du, Bo National Engineering Research Center for Multimedia Software School of Computer Science Wuhan University Wuhan430072 China Hubei Luojia Laboratory Wuhan430072 China Department of Computer Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China

With the prevalence of pre-training-fine-tuning paradigm, how to efficiently adapt the pre-trained model to the downstream tasks has been an intriguing issue. Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods have been proposed for low-cost adaptation. Although PEFT has demonstrated effectiveness and been widely applied, the underlying principles are still unclear. In this paper, we adopt the PAC-Bayesian generalization error bound, viewing pre-training as a shift of prior distribution which leads to a tighter bound for generalization error. We validate this shift from the perspectives of oscillations in the loss landscape and the quasi-sparsity in gradient distribution. Based on this, we propose a gradient-based sparse finetuning algorithm, named Sparse Increment Fine-Tuning (SIFT), and validate its effectiveness on a range of tasks including the GLUE Benchmark and Instruction-tuning. The code is accessible at https://***/song-wx/SIFT. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Machine learning

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Controllable and switchable chiral near-fields in symmetric graphene metasurfaces

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Chinese Physics B 2021年第12期30卷 563-570页

作者： Li Hu Hongxia Dai Fayin Cheng Yuxia Tang Chongqing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and BlockChain Technology Chongqing Technology and Business UniversityChongqing 400067China Department of Applied Physics School of Computer Science and Information EngineeringChongqing Technology and Business UniversityChongqing 400067China Soft Matter and Interdisciplinary Research Center College of PhysicsChongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China

A strong chiral near-field plays significant roles in the detection,separation and sensing of chiral *** this paper,a simple and symmetric metasurface is proposed to generate strong chiral near-fields with both circularly polarized light and linearly polarized light illuminations in the mid-infrared *** to the near-field interaction between plasmonic resonant modes of two nanosheets excited by circularly polarized light,there is a strong single-handed chiral near-field in the gap between the two graphene nanosheets and the maximum enhancement of the optical chirality could reach two orders of *** expected,the intensity and the response wavelength of the chiral near-fields could be controlled by the Fermi level and geometrical parameters of the graphene nanosheets,as well as the permittivity of the ***,based on the interaction between the incident field and scattered field,the one-handed chiral nearfield in the gap also could be generated by the linearly polarized light *** the two cases,the handedness of the chiral near-field could be switched by the polarized direction of the incident *** results have potential opportunities for applications in molecular detection and sensing.

关键词： plasmonic resonance chiral near-field graphene metasurface

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