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Automatic Detection and Characterization of Human Veins Using Infra-Red Image Processing

Journal of Computer and Communications 2024年第9期12卷 141-159页

作者： Jean Ndoumbe Brice Ekobo Akoa Gaelle Patricia Talotsing Frederic Franck Kounga Samuel Kaissassou Bertin Chouanmo Njo Laboratory of Computer Engineering Data Science and Artificial Intelligence Department of Computer & Telecommunications Engineering National Higher Polytechnic School Douala Cameroon Laboratory of Electrical Engineering Mechatronics and Signal Processing Department of Electrical & Telecommunications Engineering National Advanced School of Engineering Yaound Cameroon Mobile Computing and Networking Research Laboratory Department of Computer and Software Engineering Polytechnique Montreal Montreal Canada DigiPlus SARL Bonamoussadi Douala Cameroon

The detection and characterization of human veins using infrared (IR) image processing have gained significant attention due to its potential applications in biometric identification, medical diagnostics, and vein-based authentication systems. This paper presents a low-cost approach for automatic detection and characterization of human veins from IR images. The proposed method uses image processing techniques including segmentation, feature extraction, and, pattern recognition algorithms. Initially, the IR images are preprocessed to enhance vein structures and reduce noise. Subsequently, a CLAHE algorithm is employed to extract vein regions based on their unique IR absorption properties. Features such as vein thickness, orientation, and branching patterns are extracted using mathematical morphology and directional filters. Finally, a classification framework is implemented to categorize veins and distinguish them from surrounding tissues or artifacts. A setup based on Raspberry Pi was used. Experimental results of IR images demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed approach in accurately detecting and characterizing human. The developed system shows promising for integration into applications requiring reliable and secure identification based on vein patterns. Our work provides an effective and low-cost solution for nursing staff in low and middle-income countries to perform a safe and accurate venipuncture.

关键词： Vein Detection Blood Radiation Infrared Image CLAHE Algorithm Raspberry Pi

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IBATree: A Novel Method for Interpretable Cancer Cell Diagnosis Using Information Bottleneck Attribution

IBATree: A Novel Method for Interpretable Cancer Cell Diagno...

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IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM)

作者： Muhammad Umair Raza Jie Chen Adil Nawaz Faisal Saeed Victor C.M. Leung Jianqiang Li Zhaoxia Wang College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen University China National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data System Computing Technology Shenzhen University China Department of Gastroenterology Shenzhen Children’s Hospital China

ISBN: (数字)9798350386226

ISBN: (纸本)9798350386233

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have demonstrated remarkable performance in classification and regression tasks on RGB-based pathological inputs. The network’s prediction mechanism must be interpretable to establish trust in the clinical routine. One principal approach to interpretation is feature attribution. Feature attribution methods identify the importance of input features for the output prediction. Building on the Information Bottleneck Attribution (IBA) method, we recognize the RGB’s input regions with high mutual information with the network’s output for each prediction. IBA identifies input regions that have sufficient predictive information. In this paper, we introduce "IBATree", a novel approach that combines IBA with decision trees to enhance both the interpretability and accuracy of DNNs in cancer cell classification. Our method leverages the information bottleneck framework to inject noise into feature maps and then isolates the most informative features for model predictions while maintaining high classification performance. We evaluated our proposed approach on three datasets—CNMC, ISBI2016, and BreaKHis—demonstrating competitive accuracy and producing clear interpretations. This makes IBATree particularly suitable for clinical applications, where understanding the rationale behind predictions is crucial. Our results show that IBATree provides reliable predictions and valuable insights into feature importance, paving the way for its application in various biomedical domains.

关键词： Pathology Accuracy Biological system modeling Noise Predictive models Reliability Decision trees Biological cells Cancer Biomedical imaging

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A Probabilistic Framework for Pruning Transformers Via a Finite Admixture of Keys 48

A Probabilistic Framework for Pruning Transformers Via a Fin...

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48th IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, ICASSP 2023

作者： Nguyen, Tan M. Nguyen, Tam Bui, Long Do, Hai Nguyen, Duy Khuong Le, Dung D. Tran-The, Hung Ho, Nhat Osher, Stan J. Baraniuk, Richard G. University of California Department of Mathematics Los Angeles United States Rice University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Houston United States Fpt Software Ai Center Ha Noi Viet Nam Vin University College of Engineering and Computer Science Viet Nam Deakin University Applied Artificial Intelligence Institute Geelong Australia The University of Texas Department of Statistics and Data Sciences Austin United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781728163277

Pairwise dot product-based self-attention is key to the success of transformers which achieve state-of-the-art performance across a variety of applications in language and vision, but are costly to compute. It has been shown that most attention scores and keys in transformers are redundant and can be removed without loss of accuracy. In this paper, we develop a novel probabilistic framework for pruning attention scores and keys in transformers. We first formulate an admixture model of attention keys whose input data to be clustered are attention queries. We show that attention scores in self-attention correspond to the posterior distribution of this model when attention keys admit a uniform prior distribution. We then relax this uniform prior constraint and let the model learn these priors from data, resulting in a new Finite Admixture of Keys (FiAK). The learned priors are used for pruning away redundant attention scores and keys in the baseline transformers, improving the diversity of attention patterns that the models capture. We corroborate the efficiency of transformers pruned with FiAK on the ImageNet object classification and WikiText-103 language modeling tasks. Our experiments demonstrate that transformers pruned with FiAK yield similar or better accuracy than the baseline dense transformers while being much more efficient in terms of memory and computational cost. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： admixture models pruning Transformers

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Birth Mode Prediction Using Bagging Ensemble Classifier: A Case Study of Bangladesh

Birth Mode Prediction Using Bagging Ensemble Classifier: A C...

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2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology for Sustainable Development, ICICT4SD 2021

作者： Bin Alam, Md. Sakib Patwary, Muhammed J. A. Hassan, Maruf Asian University for Women Department of Computer Science Bangladesh Big Data Institute College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen University China International Islamic University Chittagong Department of Computer Science and Engineering Bangladesh

ISBN: (纸本)9781665414609

Maternal mortality and childbirth complications are major delivery issues in most developing countries, especially in rural areas. The proper identification of risks associated with the delivery of an expecting woman at an earlier stage can substantially reduce the mortality rate. A few studies have been conducted on using Machine Learning (ML) techniques for predicting birth mode i.e. caesarean section or normal delivery. The most commonly used methods are Decision Tree (DT), K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN), Naive Bayes (NB) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). In this study we have implemented Bagging Ensemble Classifiers based on these traditional machine learning algorithms, which is a novel approach in the area of birth mode prediction. This paper examines the performance of four ML algorithms, with bagging ensemble classifiers (DT-Bagging, KNN-Bagging, NB-Bagging, SVM-Bagging). The result shows that bagging ensemble models outperformed the traditional models in this domain. Besides, we have identified the association between important factors and caesarean section. This study may later be used to create a decision support system by extracting knowledge from the hidden patterns in data to reduce the rate of caesarean delivery in Bangladesh. © 2021 IEEE.

关键词： Decision trees

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Diabetes Prediction Using Machine Learning Techniques: A Case Study from Jordan

Diabetes Prediction Using Machine Learning Techniques: A Cas...

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Information Technology (ACIT)

作者： Raed Alazaidah Radwan Batyha Ghassan Samara Esraa Al Henawi Maram Y. Al-Safarini Ahmad A. Samhan Ali Elrashidi Mo’Ath Alluwaici Deana Al-Omari Department of Data Science and AI Faculty IT Zarqa University Zarqa Jordan Department of Computer Science Faculty of IT Applied Science Private University Amman Jordan Department of Computer Science Faculty of IT Zarqa University Zarqa Jordan Department of Software Engineering Faculty of IT Zarqa University Zarqa Jordan Department of Electrical Engineering University of Business and Technology Jeddah Saudi Arabia

ISBN: (数字)9798331540012

ISBN: (纸本)9798331540029

Diabetes is one of the most common diseases in Jordan. It is the main reason of death among Jordanian adult citizens. Worldwide, 48% of all deaths are due to Diabetes occurred before the age of 70 years. Hence, this research is interested in the early prediction of this disease among Jordanian people. To achieve this main objective, Machine Learning (ML) is utilized through a large number of classification models and considering five well-known evaluation metrics. These classification models have been trained on a primary dataset that has been collected for the purpose of the research. The results revealed that BayesNet and NaiveBayes are the best classification models to handle the task of the early prediction of Diabetes in Jordan

关键词： Measurement Machine learning Predictive models Diabetes Bayes methods Information technology Diseases

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Enhancing Pulmonary Nodule Classification performance with TriCaps-RL: A Capsule Network Reinforcement Learning Approach

Journal of Network Intelligence

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Journal of Network Intelligence 2024年第3期9卷 1441-1459页

作者： Zheng, Guang-Yuan Zhang, Fu-Quan Cheng, Chen Shan, Hong-Tao Soomro, Nouman Qadeer Liu, Yi College of Information Technology Shanghai Jian Qiao University Shanghai201306 China School of Mathematics and Computer Science Yanan University Shaanxi 716000 China School of Computer and Data Science Minjiang University No.200 Xiyuangong Road Fuzhou University Town Fuzhou350108 China Digital Media Art Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Sichuan Conservatory of Music Chengdu610021 China Fuzhou Technology Innovation Center of intelligent Manufacturing information System Minjiang University Fuzhou350108 China Fujian Province University Fuzhou350300 China College of Business Shanghai Jian Qiao University Shanghai201306 China College of Electronic and Electrical Engineering Shanghai University of Engineering Science Shanghai201620 China Software Department Mehran University of Engineering & Technology Sindh 76062 Pakistan

Distinguishing the manifestations of pulmonary nodules poses a significant challenge in the medical field, demanding the expertise of experienced radiologists. This complexity results in the high cost and inadequacy of sample labeling. In response, this study introduces a reinforcement learning approach, denoted as TriCaps-RL, for the classification of pulmonary nodules based on CT signs. This approach initially employs the Q-value loss to train a single CapsNet. When the performance of the CapsNet plateaus and further enhancement becomes challenging, the loss function is progressively replaced by a triplet metric to augment performance. Consequently, a more nuanced differentiation among various types of pulmonary nodules is achieved. The proposed method can improve its performance through interactions with radiologists during their CT image reading process, thereby mitigating the shortage of radiologists and addressing the time-consuming issue of training sample labeling in medical image research. This paper delves into the fine-grained classification of pulmonary nodules using deep reinforcement learning based on CT imaging signs. In comparison to previous studies that primarily concentrate on the benign/malignant classification of lung nodules, this fine-grained classification of nodules founded on CT imaging signs proves to be more valuable for medical practitioners in making accurate diagnostic decisions. © 2024, Taiwan Ubiquitous Information CO LTD. All rights reserved.

关键词： Lung cancer

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Usage of Blockchain Technology for Improving Computer Security

Usage of Blockchain Technology for Improving Computer Securi...

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Information Technology (ACIT)

作者： Adai Almomani Al Refai Mohammed N Ahmad Aburomman Omar Khair Alla Alidmat Qotadeh Saber Fuad Alshariedeh Mohammed Khouj Department of Computer Science Zarqa University Zarqa Jordan Software Engineering Dep. Zarqa University Zarqa Jordan Department of Data Science and A Zarqa University Zarqa Jordan Department of Electronic Enginnering Univeristy of Business and Technology Jeddah Saudi Arabia

ISBN: (数字)9798331540012

ISBN: (纸本)9798331540029

Cyber threats have grown increasingly sophisticated, surpassing the capabilities of traditional security measures. Blockchain technology, with its decentralized and immutable structure, offers a potential solution to these challenges. This study examines the role of blockchain tools such as smart contracts, decentralized identity management, and secure data sharing in enhancing cybersecurity. A review of key literature and analysis of survey data from cybersecurity professionals demonstrate blockchain's effectiveness in improving data integrity, access control, and secure communications. The results show significant correlations between the adoption of blockchain technologies and the mitigation of threats like data breaches and unauthorized access. While blockchain presents promising advancements, scalability, regulatory barriers, and energy consumption remain challenges. The study provides valuable insights for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers on how blockchain can be integrated into modern cybersecurity strategies to create more secure digital environments.

关键词： Access control Industries Proof of stake Scalability Smart contracts data protection Blockchains Computer security Identity management systems Business

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software Supply Chain Vulnerabilities Detection in Source Code: Performance Comparison between Traditional and Quantum Machine Learning Algorithms

Software Supply Chain Vulnerabilities Detection in Source Co...

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2022 IEEE International Conference on Big data, Big data 2022

作者： Akter, Mst Shapna Faruk, Md Jobair Hossain Anjum, Nafisa Masum, Mohammad Shahriar, Hossain Sakib, Nazmus Rahman, Akond Wu, Fan Cuzzocrea, Alfredo Department of Computer Science Kennesaw State University United States Department of Information Technology Kennesaw State University United States Department of Applied Data Science San Jose State University United States Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Auburn University United States Department of Computer Science Tuskegee University United States IDEA Lab University of Calabria Rende Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9781665480451

The software supply chain (SSC) attack has become one of the crucial issues that are being increased rapidly with the advancement of the software development domain. In general, SSC attacks execute during the software development processes lead to vulnerabilities in software products targeting downstream customers and even involved stakeholders. Machine Learning approaches are proven in detecting and preventing software security vulnerabilities. Besides, emerging quantum machine learning can be promising in addressing SSC attacks. Considering the distinction between traditional and quantum machine learning, performance could be varies based on the proportions of the experimenting dataset. In this paper, we conduct a comparative analysis between quantum neural networks (QNN) and conventional neural networks (NN) with a software supply chain attack dataset known as ClaMP. Our goal is to distinguish the performance between QNN and NN and to conduct the experiment, we develop two different models for QNN and NN by utilizing Pennylane for quantum and TensorFlow and Keras for traditional respectively. We evaluated the performance of both models with different proportions of the ClaMP dataset to identify the f1 score, recall, precision, and accuracy. We also measure the execution time to check the efficiency of both models. The demonstration result indicates that execution time for QNN is slower than NN with a higher percentage of datasets. Due to recent advancements in QNN, a large level of experiments shall be carried out to understand both models accurately in our future research. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Supply chains

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Evolutionary Multitasking With Adaptive Knowledge Transfer for Expensive Multiobjective Optimization

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IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation 2024年

作者： Wu, Xunfeng Liu, Songbai Lin, Qiuzhen Tan, Kay Chen Leung, Victor C. M. The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Department of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence Hong Kong Hong Kong Shenzhen University College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen518060 China The University of British Columbia Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering VancouverBCV6T 1Z4 Canada

Surrogate-assisted evolutionary algorithms (SAEAs) have shown promising performance in tackling expensive multiobjective optimization problems (EMOPs). However, existing SAEAs solve EMOPs separately, which ignore their optimization experiences earned before. Inspired by multitasking optimization paradigm for multitasking multiobjective optimization problems (MTMOPs), this article designs the first SAEA for tackling expensive MTMOPs (EMTMOPs) with adaptive knowledge transfer. First, a competitive surrogate selection is proposed to improve the generalization ability of approximating various EMOP tasks, where two types of surrogate models are trained and then compete for use to replace real expensive evaluations. Then, an adaptive solution selection is designed, which identifies promising transfer solutions to accelerate the solving of target task and selects promising infill solutions for real expensive evaluations to refine the surrogate models. The performance of our algorithm is validated on three commonly used benchmark suites and some real-world EMTMOPs. The experiments vali-date our superiority over several state-of-the-art SAEAs on most test cases. © 1997-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Multiobjective optimization

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Personalized Federated Learning with Enhanced Implicit Generalization

Personalized Federated Learning with Enhanced Implicit Gener...

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International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)

作者： Heping Liu Songbai Liu Junkai Ji Qiuzhen Lin Jianyong Chen Kay Chen Tan College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen China National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data System Computing Technology Shenzhen University Shenzhen China Department of Computing The Hong Kong Polytechnic University

ISBN: (数字)9798350359312

ISBN: (纸本)9798350359329

Integrating personalization into federated learning is crucial for addressing data heterogeneity and surpassing the limitations of a single aggregated model. Personalized federated learning excels at capturing inter-client similarities and meeting diverse client needs through custom-made models. However, even with personalized approaches, it’s essential to aggregate knowledge among clients to ensure universal benefits. This paper proposes Federated Dual Objectives and Dual Models (FedDodm), a novel approach that employs two independent models to separately address explicit personalization and implicit generalization objectives in personalized federated learning. By treating these objectives as distinct loss functions and training models accordingly, we achieve a balance between the two through a fusion method. Extensive experiments across various models and learning tasks demonstrate that FedDodm outperforms state-of-the-art federated learning approaches, marking a significant advancement in effectively integrating personalized and generalized knowledge.

关键词： Training Federated learning Aggregates Neural networks data models

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