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arXiv 2025年

作者： Yao, Yao Yang, Yifei Ma, Xinbei Yang, Dongjie Zhang, Zhuosheng Li, Zuchao Zhao, Hai Department of Computer Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Trusted Data Circulation and Governance in Web3 Shanghai China Key Laboratory of Shanghai Education Commission for Intelligent Interaction and Cognitive Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China National Engineering Research Center for Multimedia Software School of Computer Science Wuhan University Wuhan University Wuhan430072 China

How human cognitive abilities are formed has long captivated researchers. However, a significant challenge lies in developing meaningful methods to measure these complex processes. With the advent of large language models (LLMs), which now rival human capabilities in various domains, we are presented with a unique testbed to investigate human cognition through a new lens. Among the many facets of cognition, one particularly crucial aspect is the concept of semantic size—the perceived magnitude of both abstract and concrete words or concepts. This study seeks to investigate whether LLMs exhibit similar tendencies in understanding semantic size, thereby providing insights into the underlying mechanisms of human cognition. We begin by exploring metaphorical reasoning, comparing how LLMs and humans associate abstract words with concrete objects of varying sizes. Next, we examine LLMs’ internal representations to evaluate their alignment with human cognitive processes. Our findings reveal that multi-modal training is crucial for LLMs to achieve more human-like understanding, suggesting that real-world, multi-modal experiences are similarly vital for human cognitive development. Lastly, we examine whether LLMs are influenced by attention-grabbing headlines with larger semantic sizes in a real-world web shopping scenario. The results show that multi-modal LLMs are more emotionally engaged in decision-making, but this also introduces potential biases, such as the risk of manipulation through clickbait headlines. Ultimately, this study offers a novel perspective on how LLMs interpret and internalize language, from the smallest concrete objects to the most profound abstract concepts like ‘love’. The insights gained not only improve our understanding of LLMs but also provide new avenues for exploring the cognitive abilities that define human intelligence. Our code and dataset is publicly available at https://***/Zoeyyao27/LLM-Semantic-Size-Understanding. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Semantics

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A CPK-Based Identity Authentication Scheme for IoT

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Computer Systems science & engineering 2022年第3期40卷 1217-1231页

作者： Mingming Zhang Jiaming Mao Yuanyuan Ma Liangjie Xu Chuanjun Wang Ran Zhao Zhihao Li Lu Chen Wenbing Zhao State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co. Ltd.Information&Telecommunication BranchNanjing210008China State Grid Key Laboratory of Information&Network Security Institute of Information and CommunicationGlobal Energy Interconnection Research InstituteNanjing210003China Anhui Jiyuan Software Co.Ltd SGITGHefei230088China Engineering Research Center of Post Big Data Technology and Application of Jiangsu Province Research and Development Center of Post Industry Technology of the State Posts Bureau(Internet of Things Technology)Engineering Research Center of Broadband Wireless Communication Technology of the Ministry of EducationNanjing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsNanjing210003China Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Cleveland State UniversityCleveland44115USA

As the power Internet of Things(IoT)enters the security construction stage,the massive use of perception layer devices urgently requires an identity authentication scheme that considers both security and *** existing public key infrastructure(PKI)-based security authentication scheme is currently difficult to apply in many terminals in *** key distribution and management costs are high,which hinders the development of power IoT security *** Public Key(CPK)technology uses a small number of seeds to generate unlimited public *** is very suitable for identity authentication in the power Internet of *** this paper,we propose a novel identity authentication scheme for power *** scheme combines the physical unclonable function(PUF)with improved CPK technology to achieve mutual identity authentication between power IoT terminals and *** proposed scheme does not require third-party authentication and improves the security of identity authentication for power ***,the scheme reduces the resource consumption of power IoT *** improved CPK algorithm solves the key collision problem,and the third party only needs to save the private key and the public key *** results show that the amount of storage resources occupied in our scheme is *** proposed scheme is more suitable for the power IoT.

关键词： Power Internet of Things terminal equipment identity authentication CPK PUF

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Self-Adaptive Visual Background Extraction with Ghost Regions Elimination 6

Self-Adaptive Visual Background Extraction with Ghost Region...

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6th International Conference on Signal and Image Processing, ICSIP 2021

作者： Liu, Ling Liu, Shuai Qu, Zhong Zhou, Dongyang University of Posts and Telecommunications School of Big Data and Software Engineering College of Mobile Telecommunications of Chongqing Chongqing China Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications College of Computer Science and Technology Chongqing China University of Posts and Telecommunications College of Mobile Telecommunications of Chongqing Department of Management Engineering Chongqing China

ISBN: (纸本)9780738133737

The ViBe (Visual Background Extraction) algorithm uses the first frame to initialize the pixel background model for each pixel, which may introduce the ghost regions in the following video frames. Although ViBe can use its background model update mechanism to eliminate the ghost regions, it is time-consuming. Firstly, a ghost elimination algorithm is proposed in this paper in order to reduce the elimination time for the ghost regions based on its properties. Secondly, a fixed global segmentation decision threshold is used to segment pixels in ViBe algorithm. However, because it cannot adapt to the dynamic background, a self-adaptive segmentation decision threshold based on single pixel is used to adjust to the different backgrounds. Finally, a self-adaptive update factor is presented, which makes the background model more reliable and adjusts to the background changes through the self-adaptive processing. The experimental result shows that this improved method can quickly eliminate the ghost regions, and adapt to the different kinds of backgrounds, ensuring more accurate results. © 2021 IEEE.

关键词： Pixels

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GALB: Load Balancing Algorithm for CP-ABE Encryption Tasks in E-Health Environment 5

GALB: Load Balancing Algorithm for CP-ABE Encryption Tasks i...

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5th International Conference on Research in Computational Intelligence and Communication Networks, ICRCICN 2020

作者： Taha, Mohammad Bany Chowdhury, Rasel American University of Madaba Data Science and Artificial Intelligence Department Madaba Jordan University of Quebec Software Engineering and Information Technology Department Montreal Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781728188188

Security of personal data in the e-healthcare has always been challenging issue. The embedded and wearable devices used to collect these personal and critical data of the patients and users are sensitive in nature. Attribute-Based Encryption is believed to provide access control along with data security for distributed data among multiple parties. These resources limited devices do have the capabilities to secure the data while sending to the cloud but instead it increases the overhead and latency of running the encryption algorithm. On the top of if confidentiality is required, which will add more latency. In order to reduce latency and overhead, we propose a new load balancing algorithm that will distribute the data to nearby devices with available resources to encrypt the data and send it to the cloud. In this article, we are proposing a load balancing algorithm for EHealth system called (GALB). Our algorithm is based on Genetic Algorithm (GA). Our algorithm (GALB) distribute the tasks that received to the main gateway between the devices on E-health environment. The distribution strategy is based on the available resources in the devices, the distance between the gateway and the those devices, and the complexity of the task (size) and CP-ABE encryption policy length. In order to evaluate our algorithm performance, we compare the near optimal solution proposed by GALB with the optimal solution proposed by LP. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Cryptography

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software Supply Chain Vulnerabilities Detection in Source Code: Performance Comparison between Traditional and Quantum Machine Learning Algorithms

Software Supply Chain Vulnerabilities Detection in Source Co...

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IEEE International Conference on Big data

作者： Mst Shapna Akter Md Jobair Hossain Faruk Nafisa Anjum Mohammad Masum Hossain Shahriar Nazmus Sakib Akond Rahman Fan Wu Alfredo Cuzzocrea Department of Computer Science Kennesaw State University USA Department of Information Technology Kennesaw State University USA Department of Applied Data Science San Jose State University USA Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Auburn University USA Department of Computer Science Tuskegee University USA iDEA Lab University of Calabria Rende Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9781665480468

The software supply chain (SSC) attack has become one of the crucial issues that are being increased rapidly with the advancement of the software development domain. In general, SSC attacks execute during the software development processes lead to vulnerabilities in software products targeting downstream customers and even involved stakeholders. Machine Learning approaches are proven in detecting and preventing software security vulnerabilities. Besides, emerging quantum machine learning can be promising in addressing SSC attacks. Considering the distinction between traditional and quantum machine learning, performance could be varies based on the proportions of the experimenting dataset. In this paper, we conduct a comparative analysis between quantum neural networks (QNN) and conventional neural networks (NN) with a software supply chain attack dataset known as ClaMP. Our goal is to distinguish the performance between QNN and NN and to conduct the experiment, we develop two different models for QNN and NN by utilizing Pennylane for quantum and TensorFlow and Keras for traditional respectively. We evaluated the performance of both models with different proportions of the ClaMP dataset to identify the f1 score, recall, precision, and accuracy. We also measure the execution time to check the efficiency of both models. The demonstration result indicates that execution time for QNN is slower than NN with a higher percentage of datasets. Due to recent advancements in QNN, a large level of experiments shall be carried out to understand both models accurately in our future research.

关键词： Machine learning algorithms Computational modeling Supply chains Qubit Artificial neural networks Machine learning Big data

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Multi-objective Aerial IRS-assisted ISAC Optimization via Generative AI-enhanced Deep Reinforcement Learning

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Xie, Wenwen Sun, Geng Wang, Jiacheng Du, Hongyang Kang, Jiawen Huang, Kaibin Leung, Victor C.M. College of Computer Science and Technology Jilin University Changchun130012 China College of Computing and Data Science Nanyang Technological University Singapore639798 Singapore Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The University of Hong Kong 999077 Hong Kong School of Automation Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou510006 China Artificial Intelligence Research Institute Shenzhen MSU-BIT University Shenzhen518115 China College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen518060 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of British Columbia VancouverV6T 1Z4 Canada

Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) has garnered substantial research interest owing to its pivotal role in advancing the development of next-generation (6G) wireless networks. However, achieving a performance balance between communication and sensing in the dual-function radar communication (DFRC)-based ISAC system remains a significant challenge. In this paper, an aerial intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-assisted ISAC system is explored, where a base station (BS) supports dual-functional operations, enabling both data transmission for multiple users and sensing for a blocked target, with the channel quality enhanced by an IRS mounted on the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Moreover, we formulate an integrated communication, sensing, and energy efficiency multi-objective optimization problem (CSEMOP), which aims to maximize the communication rate of the users and the echo rate of the target, while minimizing UAV propulsion energy consumption by jointly optimizing the BS beamforming matrix, IRS phase shifts, the flight velocity and angle of the UAV. Considering the non-convexity, trade-off, and dynamic nature of the formulated CSEMOP, we propose a generative diffusion model-based deep deterministic policy gradient (GDMDDPG) method to solve the problem. Specifically, the diffusion model is incorporated into the actor network of DDPG to improve the action quality, with noise perturbation mechanism for better exploration and recent prioritized experience replay (RPER) sampling mechanism for enhanced training efficiency. Simulation results indicate that the GDMDDPG method delivers superior performance compared to the existing methods. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Multiobjective optimization

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PointCG: Self-supervised Point Cloud Learning via Joint Completion and Generation

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Liu, Yun Li, Peng Yan, Xuefeng Nan, Liangliang Wang, Bing Chen, Honghua Gong, Lina Zhao, Wei Wei, Mingqiang The School of Computer Science and Technology Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing China The Shenzhen Institute of Research Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Shenzhen China The Collaborative Innovation Center of Novel Software Technology and Industrialization Nanjing China Urban Data Science section Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands The Department of Aeronautical and Aviation Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong

The core of self-supervised point cloud learning lies in setting up appropriate pretext tasks, to construct a pre-training framework that enables the encoder to perceive 3D objects effectively. In this paper, we integrate two prevalent methods, masked point modeling (MPM) and 3D-to-2D generation, as pretext tasks within a pre-training framework. We leverage the spatial awareness and precise supervision offered by these two methods to address their respective limitations: ambiguous supervision signals and insensitivity to geometric information. Specifically, the proposed framework, abbreviated as PointCG, consists of a Hidden Point Completion (HPC) module and an Arbitrary-view Image Generation (AIG) module. We first capture visible points from arbitrary views as inputs by removing hidden points. Then, HPC extracts representations of the inputs with an encoder and completes the entire shape with a decoder, while AIG is used to generate rendered images based on the visible points' representations. Extensive experiments demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method over the baselines in various downstream tasks. Our code will be made available upon acceptance. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Self-supervised learning

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Cybersecurity Enhancement in IoT-Enabled Public Health Information Systems Using Deep Learning Techniques

Cybersecurity Enhancement in IoT-Enabled Public Health Infor...

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AI-Driven Smart Healthcare for Society 5.0

作者： Mahesh Kumar Mishra Lalit Mohan Trivedi Mansoor Farooq Divya Nimma Malik Bader Alazzam B Kiran Bala Sr SAP Consultant Delta System and Software Inc Texas USA Department of ASH Moradabad Institute of Technology Moradabad UP India Department of Cybersecurity American University of Bahrain Bahrain PhD in Computational Science University of Southern Mississippi Data Analyst in UMMC USA Faculty of Information Technology Jadara University Irbid Jordan Department of AI & DS K.Ramakrishnan College of Engineering Trichy India

ISBN: (数字)9798331536336

ISBN: (纸本)9798331536343

The rising use of IoT devices in Public Health Information Systems (PHIS) has revolutionized the way patient surveillance and record keeping is being done in real-time, but this has exposed systems to serious cybersecurity threats. Generated by using traditional approaches, like rule-based detection and basic artificial neural network-based models, is not capable of dealing with the dynamic and diverse nature of threats in IoT networks. These approaches are often inadequate in providing a detailed analysis of the attack especially because they do not have the ability to learn from sequences of features. This work presents an improved predictive analytics model using CNN with BiLSTM to improve cybersecurity in IoT connected PHIS. The CNN component performs feature extraction on spatial elements in the data received while the BiLSTM uncovers temporal dependencies and sequence of attacks, which enhance threats identification accuracy. The process of the proposed methodology includes dataset acquisition and cleansing of IoT healthcare datasets and finally, the training and testing of the model with the help of relevant parameter such as accuracy, precision, and recall values. Qualitative comparison with the baseline models also shows that the proposed hybrid CNN-BiLSTM model performs better, and it has fewer false alarms to detect a range of cyber threats. Accordingly, the results point to a feasible solution for enhancing security and reliability of IoT-based healthcare applications to protect patients’ record from cyber threats.

关键词： Training Accuracy Surveillance Bidirectional long short term memory Threat assessment Internet of Things Computer security Public healthcare Information systems Testing

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An Autonomous Mobile Robot Path Planner using Spline Curves and Differential Evolution

An Autonomous Mobile Robot Path Planner using Spline Curves ...

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Latin America Congress on Computational Intelligence (LA-CCI)

作者： Elias José de Rezende Freitas Miri Weiss Cohen Frederico Gadelha Guimarães Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Av. Antônio Carlos 6627 Belo Horizonte MG Brazil Federal Institute of Minas Gerais IFMG Department of Software Engineering Braude College of Engineering Karmiel Israel Department of Electrical Engineering Machine Intelligence and Data Science Laboratory (MINDS) Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais UFMG Belo Horizonte MG Brazil

Robots that operate autonomously require a path planner that ensures the robot reaches the desired position in a safe manner. The robot will be able to achieve greater speeds along the path if the path is smooth, minimizing the effort of the controller. This work presents two new path planners, called DE-Spline and DE-NURBS. These planners provide a smooth path directly by the cost function optimization using the algorithm L-SHADE (Success-History based Adaptive of Differential Evolution using linear population size reduction algorithm) and two path’s parametrization: Ferguson cubic spline and NURBS. Additionally, it ensures that the robot reaches the target in the desired orientation. The planners are compared with a Vector Field-based planner, widely used in robot soccer. Based on the results, it has been found that both planners provide a smoother path along the shortest path, by accounting for the robot’s starting angle and its goal angle. Furthermore, DE-NURBS provides a greater degree of planning freedom than DESpline.

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PRAD: Unsupervised KPI Anomaly Detection by Joint Prediction and Reconstruction of Multivariate Time Series 19

PRAD: Unsupervised KPI Anomaly Detection by Joint Prediction...

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2022 IEEE SmartWorld, 19th IEEE International Conference on Ubiquitous Intelligence and Computing, 2022 IEEE International Conference on Autonomous and Trusted Vehicles Conference, 22nd IEEE International Conference on Scalable Computing and Communications, 2022 IEEE International Conference on Digital Twin, 8th IEEE International Conference on Privacy Computing and 2022 IEEE International Conference on Metaverse, SmartWorld/UIC/ATC/ScalCom/DigitalTwin/PriComp/Metaverse 2022

作者： Xiong, Zhiying Fan, Qilin Wang, Kai Li, Xiuhua Zhang, Xu Xiong, Qingyu Chongqing University School of Big Data and Software Engineering Chongqing China Chongqing University Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digital Cinema Art Theory and Technology Chongqing China Harbin Institute of Technology School of Computer Science and Technology Weihai China Harbin Institute of Technology Research Institute of Cyberspace Security Weihai China Haihe Laboratory of Information Technology Application Innovation Tianjin China University of Exeter Department of Computer Science Exeter United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9798350346558

Detecting anomalies for key performance indicator (KPI) data is of paramount importance to ensure the quality and reliability of network services. However, building the anomaly detection system for KPI is challenging due to the scarcity of abnormal labels and highly dynamic or even unseen patterns. In this paper, we propose an unsupervised KPI anomaly detection framework named PRAD by jointly optimizing prediction-based and reconstruction-based modules. Specifically, PRAD employs two parallel graph attention networks (GATs) to learn metric-oriented and time-oriented relationships. A temporal convolutional attention network (TCAN) is used to capture complex long-term dependencies. Furthermore, to tackle the overfitting issue in the variational auto-encoder (VAE), PRAD designs a reconstruction-based module that combines VAE with a generative adversarial network (GAN). The experimental results on the two public datasets demonstrate that the proposed PRAD outperforms existing anomaly detection methods. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Anomaly detection

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