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Mapping aids using source location tracking increase novices' performance in programming cyber-physical systems

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Witte, Thomas Vogt, Andrea Seufert, Tina Tichy, Matthias Institute of Software Engineering and Programming Languages Ulm University Germany Department Learning and Instruction Institute of Psychology Education Ulm University Germany

Motivation and Background. Novices need to overcome initial barriers while programming cyber-physical systems behavior, like coding quadcopter missions, and should thus be supported by an adequately designed programming environment. Using multiple representations by including graphical previews is a common approach to ease coding and program understanding. However, novices struggle to map information of the code and graphical previews. Previous studies imply that mapping aids in a live programming environment might support novices while programming and foster a deeper understanding of the content. To implement these mapping aids in a domain independent way Source Location Tracking based on run-time information can be used. Method. In our study, we tested N = 82 participants while interacting and learning in an online programming environment. Using our 2x2 between-subject design study, we investigated the effects of two mapping aids: highlighting and dynamic linking on coding correctness including typical errors, and learning outcomes. Based on process data successful strategies were analyzed. Results. Combining both mapping aids compared to one aid resulted in higher performance. While highlights were more helpful for implementing the quadcopter missions (mission 1: p = .008*, ηpartial2 = .091), dynamic linking improved learning outcomes on the comprehension (F(1,75) = 5.61, p = .020*, ηpartial2 = .070) and application level (F(1,75) = 4.08, p = .047*, ηpartial2 = .052). Traces of learning strategies were related to higher coding correctness (organizing: r = .553, p © 2022, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Mapping

Model-based Generation of Attack-Fault Trees

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Groner, Raffaela Witte, Thomas Raschke, Alexander Hirn, Sophie Pekaric, Irdin Frick, Markus Tichy, Matthias Felderer, Michael Institute of Software Engineering and Programming Languages Ulm University Germany Department of Computer Science University of Innsbruck Austria Department of Information Systems and Computer Science University of Liechtenstein Liechtenstein Germany Department of Mathematics and Computer Science University of Cologne Germany

Joint safety and security analysis of cyber-physical systems is a necessary step to correctly capture inter-dependencies between these properties. Attack-Fault Trees represent a combination of dynamic Fault Trees and Attack Trees and can be used to model and model-check a holistic view on both safety and security. Manually creating a complete AFT for the whole system is, however, a daunting task. It needs to span multiple abstraction layers, e.g., abstract application architecture and data flow as well as system and library dependencies that are affected by various vulnerabilities. We present an AFT generation tool-chain that facilitates this task using partial Fault and Attack Trees that are either manually created or mined from vulnerability databases. We semi-automatically create two system models that provide the necessary information to automatically combine these partial Fault and Attack Trees into complete AFTs using graph transformation rules. © 2023, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Trees (mathematics)

Uvl: Feature Modelling with the Universal Variability Language

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SSRN

SSRN 2024年

作者： Benavides, David Sundermann, Chico Feichtinger, Kevin Galindo, José A. Rabiser, Rick Thüm, Thomas Department of Computer Languages and Systems Universidad de Sevilla Av. Reina Mercedes Seville41012 Spain Institute of Software Engineering and Programming Languages University of Ulm Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 Ulm89069 Germany CRC 1608 KASTEL – Dependability of Software-intensive Systems Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Am Fasanengarten 5 Karlsruhe76131 Germany Christian Doppler Laboratory VaSiCS LIT CPS Lab Johannes Kepler University Linz Altenberger Straße 69 Linz4040 Austria

Feature modelling is a cornerstone of software product line engineering, providing a means to represent software variability through features and their relationships. Since its inception in 1990, feature modelling has evolved through various extensions, and after three decades of development, there is a growing consensus on the need for a standardised feature modelling language. Despite multiple endeavours to standardise variability modelling and the creation of various textual languages, researchers and practitioners continue to use their own approaches, impeding effective model sharing. In 2018, a collaborative initiative was launched by a group of researchers to develop a novel textual language for representing feature models. This paper introduces the outcome of this effort: the Universal Variability Language (\UVL), which is designed to be human-readable and serves as a pivot language for diverse software engineering tools. The development of \UVL drew upon community feedback and leveraged established literature in the field of variability modelling. The language is structured into three levels -Boolean, Arithmetic, and Type- and allows for language extensions to introduce additional constructs enhancing its expressiveness. \UVL is integrated into various existing software tools, such as FeatureIDE and FLAMA, and is maintained by a consortium of institutions. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Modeling languages

A Systematic Review on Security and Safety of Self-Adaptive Systems

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SSRN

SSRN 2022年

作者： Pekaric, Irdin Groner, Raffaela Witte, Thomas Adigun, Jubril Gbolahan Raschke, Alexander Felderer, Michael Tichy, Matthias University of Innsbruck Department of Computer Science Technikerstraße 21a InnsbruckA-6020 Austria Ulm University Institute of Software Engineering and Programming Languages James-Franck-Ring 9 Ulm89081 Germany

Context: Cyber-physical systems (CPS) are increasingly self-adaptive, i.e. they have the ability to introspect and change their behavior. This self-adaptation process must be considered when modeling the safety and security aspects of the ***: This study collects and compares security attacks and safety hazards on self-adaptive systems (SAS) described in the literature. In addition, mitigation and treatment strategies as well as the modeling and analysis approaches are ***: We conducted a systematic literature review on 21 selected papers. The selection process involved a database search and snowballing methodologies. The coding scheme to analyze the content of the papers was obtained through our research questions, existing domain-specific taxonomies, and open ***: Safety and Security are not jointly modeled in the context of self-adaptive systems. The adaptation process is often not considered in the attack and hazard analysis due to naïve assumptions and modeling. The proposed approaches are mostly verified and validated through ***: A thorough and joint modeling approach for safety and security in self-adaptive systems is still an open challenge that needs to be addressed. Further work is needed to address the gap between safety and security modeling in self-adaptive systems. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Adaptive systems

Automated Computation of Therapies Using Failure Mode and Effects Analysis in the Medical Domain

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Luttermann, Malte Baake, Edgar Bouchagiar, Juljan Gebel, Benjamin Grüning, Philipp Manikwadura, Dilini Schollemann, Franziska Teifke, Elisa Rostalski, Philipp Möller, Ralf Institute of Information Systems University of Lübeck Germany Institute of Telematics University of Lübeck Germany Institute for Software Engineering and Programming Languages University of Lübeck Germany Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck Germany Institute for Neuro- and Bioinformatics University of Lübeck Germany Institute for Molecular Medicine University of Lübeck Germany Institute for Electrical Engineering in Medicine University of Lübeck Germany franziska.schollemann Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck Germany

Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) is a systematic approach to identify and analyse potential failures and their effects in a system or process. The FMEA approach, however, requires domain experts to manually analyse the FMEA model to derive risk-reducing actions that should be applied. In this paper, we provide a formal framework to allow for automatic planning and acting in FMEA models. More specifically, we cast the FMEA model into a Markov decision process which can then be solved by existing solvers. We show that the FMEA approach can not only be used to support medical experts during the modelling process but also to automatically derive optimal therapies for the treatment of patients. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Patient treatment

Non-intrusive MC/DC measurement based on traces 13

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Non-intrusive MC/DC measurement based on traces

13th International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of software engineering, TASE 2019

作者： Ahishakiye, Faustin Jaksic, Svetlana Lange, Felix Dino Schmitz, Malte Stolz, Volker Thoma, Daniel Department of Computing Mathematics and Physics Western Norway University of Applied Sciences Bergen Norway Institute for Software Engineering and Programming Languages University of Lübeck Lübeck Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781728133423

We present a novel, non-intrusive approach to MC/DC coverage measurement using modern processor-based tracing facilities. Our approach does not require recompilation or instrumentation of the software under test. Instead, we use the Intel Processor Trace (Intel PT) facility present on modern Intel CPUs. Our tooling consists of the following parts: a frontend that detects so-called decisions (Boolean expressions) that are used in conditionals in C source code, a mapping from conditional jumps in the object code back to those decisions, and an analysis that computes satisfaction of the MC/DC coverage relation on those decisions from an execution trace. This analysis takes as input a stream of instruction addresses decoded from Intel PT trace data, which was recorded while running the software under test. We describe our architecture and discuss limitations and future work. © 2019 IEEE.

关键词： software testing

SusTrainable: Promoting Sustainability as a Fundamental Driver in software Development Training and Education Teacher Training November 1–5, Nijmegen, The Netherlands Revised lecture notes

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Koopman, Pieter Lubbers, Mart Fernandes, João Paulo Korečko, Štefan Paquete, Luís Porkoláb, Zoltán Szalay, Richárd Mauša, Goran Oprescu, Ana Koedijk, Lukas van Oostveen, Sander Kok, Stephan Li, Jianhao Zsók, Viktória Grbac, Tihana Galinac Grbac, Neven Valkanov, Vladimir Petrov, Mihail Radboud University Nijmegen Netherlands University of Porto Portugal Department of Computers and Informatics Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Technical University of Košice Slovakia CISUC Department of Informatics Engineering University of Coimbra Portugal Department of Programming Languages and Compilers Institute of Computer Science Faculty of Informatics Eötvös Lorád University Budapest Hungary University of Rijeka Faculty of Engineering Vukovarska 58 Rijeka51000 Croatia Complex Cyber Infrastructure University of Amsterdam Netherlands KPMG Software Engineering Master University of Amsterdam Netherlands Informatics Institute University of Amsterdam Netherlands Juraj Dobrila Univeristy of Pula Zagrebačka 30 PulaHR-52100 Croatia University Of Plovdiv "Paisii Hilendarski" Faculty of Mathematics and Informatics 24 Bulgaria Blvd. Plovdiv4027 Bulgaria

These are the proceedings of the first teacher training of the Erasmus+ project No. 2020-1-PT01-KA203-078646 -- Sustrainable. The full title of this project is Promoting Sustainability as a Fundamental Driver in software Development Training and Education and the interested reader may know more about it at: https://*** The flagship contribution is the organization of two summer schools on sustainable software production. The first summer school is moved due to the Corona pandemic. It is now scheduled for July 2022 in Rijeka, Croatia. This summer school will consist of lectures and practical work for master and PhD students in the area of computing science and closely related fields. There will be contributions from Plovdiv University, University of Ko\v{s}ice, University of Coimbra, University of Minho, E\"otv\"os Lor\'and University, University of Rijeka, Radboud University Nijmegen, University of Pula, University of Amsterdam and Babe\c{s}-Bolyai University. To prepare and streamline this summer school, the consortium organized a teacher training in Nijmegen, the Netherlands. This was an event of five full days on November 1-5, 2022 organized by Ingrid Berenbroek, Mart Lubbers and Pieter Koopman on the campus of the Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Sustainability is one of the themes within the strategy of the Radboud University called `A Significant Impact', see https://***/sustainability/organisation/radboud-sustainable/. Sustainability plays an important role in education, research, and management. The contributions were reviewed and give a good overview of what can be expected from the summer school. Based on these papers and the very positive and constructive atmosphere, we expect a high quality and pleasant summer school. We are looking forward to contributing to a sustainable future. © 2022, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Personnel training

Non-Intrusive MC/DC Measurement Based on Traces

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Non-Intrusive MC/DC Measurement Based on Traces

Theoretical Aspects of software engineering (TASE)

作者： Faustin Ahishakiye Svetlana Jakšić Volker Stolz Felix Dino Lange Malte Schmitz Daniel Thoma Department of Computing Mathematics and Physics Western Norway University of Applied Sciences Bergen Norway Western Norway University of Applied Sciences Bergen Norway University of Lubeck Lubeck Germany Institute for Software Engineering and Programming Languages University of Lübeck Lübeck Germany

关键词： software engineering

Code abstractions for automatic information flow control in a model-driven approach 10th

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Code abstractions for automatic information flow control in ...

10th International Conference on Security, Privacy and Anonymity in Computation, Communication and Storage, SpaCCS 2017

作者： Katkalov, Kuzman Stenzel, Kurt Reif, Wolfgang Department of Software Engineering and Programming Languages University of Augsburg Augsburg Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783319723945

Automatic information flow control (IFC) can be used to guarantee the absence of information leaks in security-critical applications. However, IFC of real-world, complex, distributed systems is challenging. In this paper, we show how a model-driven approach for development of such applications consisting of mobile apps and web services can help solve those challenges using automatic code abstractions. © Springer International Publishing AG 2017.

关键词： Abstracting