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International Conference on software Testing, Verification, and Validation, ICST

作者： Mostafa Jangali Kundi Yao Yiming Tang Diego Elias Costa Weiyi Shang Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Waterloo Waterloo Canada Department of Software Engineering Rochester Institute of Technology USA Computer Science and Software Engineering Concordia University Montreal Canada

ISBN: (数字)9798331508142

ISBN: (纸本)9798331508159

Performance microbenchmarking is essential for ensuring software quality by providing granular insights into code efficiency. While automated performance microbenchmark generation tools (e.g., ju2jmh) are proposed to alleviate practitioners from manually curating microbenchmarks, the high volume of generated benchmarks can lead to protracted benchmarking execution time, as many of the generated benchmarks are too short in nature to be valuable for evaluating performance. In this paper, we present a novel approach that optimizes microbenchmark execution through a batching strategy, i.e., grouping benchmarks with similar code coverage and treating them as a single unit to 1) reduce execution overhead and 2) reduce the bias from microbenchmarks that are too short. We evaluate the effectiveness of this enhancement across various Java projects, comparing the execution times of clustered and individual micro benchmarks. Our findings demonstrate substantial improvements in execution efficiency, reducing execution time by up to 89.81% while preserving high microbenchmark stability.

关键词： software testing Java Codes software quality software performance Benchmark testing

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The Impact of Transformer Models and Regression Algorithms on Automated Short Answer Grading 5

The Impact of Transformer Models and Regression Algorithms o...

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5th IEEE International Conference on Advances in Electrical, Computing, Communication and Sustainable Technologies, ICAECT 2025

作者： Nampoothiri, Abhijith. N. Thushara, M.G. Pradeesh, N. Anand Krishna, K.R. Santhosh, Abhai Abhijith Kumar, S. Kumar, Suryan Amrita School of Computing Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Department of Computer Science and Applications Amritapuri India Amrita School of Computing Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Department of Computer Science and Engineering Amritapuri India Omnex Software Solutions Pvt. Ltd Thoraipakkam Chennai India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350356236

Grading short answer questions in higher education often poses significant challenges due to its subjective nature and time-consuming process. As educational institutions expand, the need for efficient and objective grading solutions becomes critical. This paper investigates the use of machine learning and natural language processing to automate the evaluation of short answer responses. Our study employs a two-phase methodology: first, several transformer models - including BERT, Sentence-BERT, T5, Genism, and XLNet - are used to transform text into numerical representations. In the second phase, various regression techniques, such as Linear Regression, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest, and AdaBoost, are applied to these representations to estimate scores. Our findings indicate that the combination of the BERT model with Random Forest performs the best, demonstrating superior accuracy with the lowest error metrics. This optimal model pairing is proposed for integration into the Ample Learning Management System (LMS) to enhance grading efficiency and provide quicker, more reliable feedback. The significant implications of this research provides teachers with a robust tool for automated grading, which can enhance the educational experience by delivering timely and accurate evaluations. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Teaching

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Strategy Masking: A Method for Guardrails in Value-based Reinforcement Learning Agents

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Keane, Jonathan Keyser, Sam Kedziora, Jeremy Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Milwaukee School of Engineering MilwaukeeWI United States

The use of reward functions to structure AI learning and decision making is core to the current reinforcement learning paradigm;however, without careful design of reward functions, agents can learn to solve problems in ways that may be considered "undesirable" or "unethical. Without thorough understanding of the incentives a reward function creates, it can be difficult to impose principled yet general control mechanisms over its behavior. In this paper, we study methods for constructing guardrails for AI agents that use reward functions to learn decision making. We introduce a novel approach, which we call strategy masking, to explicitly learn and then suppress undesirable AI agent behavior. We apply our method to study lying in AI agents and show that it can be used to effectively modify agent behavior by suppressing lying post-training without compromising agent ability to perform effectively. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Reinforcement learning

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Streamlining Classroom and Laboratory Management in University: Enhancing Problem Reporting Processes

Streamlining Classroom and Laboratory Management in Universi...

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Computing and Information Technology (ICCIT-1441), 2020 International Conference on

作者： Qamar H. Naith Department of Software Engineering College of Computer Science and Engineering University of Jeddah Jeddah Saudi Arabia

ISBN: (数字)9798350353839

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353846

Managing the classroom and lab activities in the university and reporting process for the problems that occur during lectures is a hard process that needs more consideration. This study addresses challenges faced by technicians and academic staff in university classrooms, emphasizing the need for a streamlined automated issue reporting system. This paper proposes a comprehensive system aimed at improving communication, efficiency, and effectiveness in addressing classroom issues, benefiting technicians, students, and lecturers. Quantitative Analysis and evaluation of the system's user experience from instructors and technicians showed highly positive outcomes, indicating its high effectiveness in managing classroom issues and improving overall classroom management. Moreover, the statistical test revealed no statistically significant differences (α= 0.05) in the willingness to use the classroom issue management system between technicians and academic staff, indicating similar user perceptions and readiness for both groups to utilize the system.

关键词： Surveys Productivity Bridges Statistical analysis User experience Stakeholders Usability Information technology

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PathNetDRP: a novel biomarker discovery framework using pathway and protein–protein interaction networks for immune checkpoint inhibitor response prediction

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BMC Bioinformatics 2025年第1期26卷 1-24页

作者： Lee, Dohee Ahn, Jaegyoon Choi, Jonghwan Department of Computer Science and Engineering Incheon National University 119 Academy-ro Yeonsu-gu Incheon22012 Korea Republic of Division of Software Hallym University 1 Hallymdaehak-gil Gangwon-do Chuncheon24252 Korea Republic of

Background: Predicting immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) response remains a significant challenge in cancer immunotherapy. Many existing approaches rely on differential gene expression analysis or predefined immune signatures, which may fail to capture the complex regulatory mechanisms underlying immune response. Network-based models attempt to integrate biological interactions, but they often lack a quantitative framework to assess how individual genes contribute within pathways, limiting the specificity and interpretability of biomarkers. Given these limitations, we developed PathNetDRP, a framework that integrates biological pathways, protein-protein interaction networks, and machine learning to identify functionally relevant biomarkers for ICI response prediction. Results: We introduce PathNetDRP, a novel biomarker discovery approach that applies the PageRank algorithm to prioritize ICI-associated genes, maps them to relevant biological pathways, and calculates PathNetGene scores to quantify their contribution to immune response. Unlike conventional methods that focus solely on gene expression differences, PathNetDRP systematically incorporates biological context to improve biomarker selection. Validation across multiple independent cancer cohorts showed that PathNetDRP achieved strong predictive performance, with cross-validation the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves increasing from 0.780 to 0.940. Interestingly, PathNetDRP did not merely improve predictive accuracy;it also provided insights into key immune-related pathways, reinforcing its potential for identifying clinically relevant biomarkers. Conclusion: The biomarkers identified by PathNetDRP demonstrated robust predictive performance across cross-validation and independent validation datasets, suggesting their potential utility in clinical applications. Furthermore, enrichment analysis highlighted key immune-related pathways, providing a deeper understanding of their role in ICI res

关键词： Immune system

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An Analysis of Anonymous MQTT for Publish-Subscribe-Based IoT Networks

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IEEE Transactions on Network science and engineering 2025年

作者： Fukushima, Yudai Tsunamoto, Hotaru Sakai, Kazuya Sun, Min-Te Ku, Wei-Shinn Tokyo Metropolitan University Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Tokyo191-0065 Japan National Central University Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Taoyuan320 Taiwan Auburn University Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering AuburnAL36849 United States

Message queuing telemetry transport (MQTT) is widely used as a communication primitive in publish-subscribe-based IoT applications. However, the current MQTT standard does not support the privacy of IoT devices and users. Therefore, in this paper, we address the anonymous communications for MQTT-based IoT networks by tailored onion routing. To this end, we first introduce the concept of distributed IoT broker networks, in which a collection of IoT brokers are interconnected with each other. These brokers serve as onion routers. Then, we propose a generic anonymous messaging protocol (A-MQTT) for publish-subscribe-based IoT systems. Unlike typical anonymous communications, there are multiple destination IoT devices, called subscribers, in MQTT contexts. Hence, the privacy notions, such as traceable rate, device anonymity, and path anonymity, are redesigned. To illuminate the fundamental privacy issues, closed-form approximations for these privacy metrics are modeled. In addition, simulation results demonstrate that our A-MQTT significantly improves the security performance and that our proposed models closely approximate the various privacy performance. Furthermore, a proof-of-concept protocol is implemented on a Raspberry Pi 4 in order to show that the proposed A-MQTT can be deployed in an IoT environment. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Anonymity

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Enhanced Fire Detection for Industrial and Environmental Safety using IoT-Integrated Vision Sensors and Residual Clutch Attention Network and Depthwise Distinguishable Convolutional Neural Networks 3

Enhanced Fire Detection for Industrial and Environmental Saf...

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3rd International Conference on Intelligent Data Communication Technologies and Internet of Things, IDCIoT 2025

作者： Christy Sujatha, D. Singh, Priyanshu Vallikannu, C. Varman, Ravi Skanda, M.G. Gavaskar, T. Department of Software Engineering Periyar Maniammai Institute of Science & Technology Tamil Nadu Thanjavur India Department of Computer Science and Engineering R.V college of engineering Karnataka Bangalore India Department of Humanities and Sciences Rajalakshmi Engineering College Tamil Nadu Chennai India Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Karpagam academy of Higher Education Tamil Nadu Coimbatore India Department of Industrial and Production Engineering SJCE JSS Science and Technology University Karnataka Mysore India Department of Mechanical Engineering St. Joseph's College of Engineering Tamil Nadu Chennai India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331527549

Fire detection is an important factor in improved safety in industrial and environmental conditions. The conventional flame detectors, largely relying on heat and smoke detectors, have drawbacks of time lag, low sensitivity, and low coverage when compared with our requirement in large industrial scenes and vast natural terrains vulnerable to fire occurrence. These systems are highly unsuitable for dynamic and high-risk situations as they require a higher accuracy and a faster reaction time for the alarms to be efficient as is now the case due to the aforementioned reasons. In an attempt to remedy these limitations, this research introduces a fire detection system using IoT and vision sensors that combines a RCAN with DDCNN. This architecture is tuned using the Crayfish Optimization Algorithm (COA), which seeks to improve model parameter to improve response time and accuracy. By incorporating feedbacks from sensors placed at its different parts and reading from the environment, the RCAN-DDCNN model can quickly identify the fire patterns and respond by activating the sprinkler systems as well as setting off alarms. The proposed system presents a superior option for fire detecting because it is scalable and adaptive and it provides high degree of precision, making it an optimal development in fire detection technology for industry and environment. The introduced approach attains higher accuracy as 99%. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Sprinkler systems (fire fighting)

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Automated Detection of COVID-19 Using Deep Convolutional Neural Network (CNNs) Using Chest Radiograph and CT Scan Images 1st

Automated Detection of COVID-19 Using Deep Convolutional Neu...

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1st International Conference on Computing and Emerging Technologies, ICCET 2023

作者： Uallah, Naeem Khan, Javed Ali Raza, Asaf Shah, Syed Yaqub Assam, Muhammad Arshad, Hasna Department of Software Engineering University of Engineering and Technology Taxila Taxila Pakistan Department of Software Engineering University of Science and Technology Bannu Bannu Pakistan Department of Computer Science HITEC University Taxila Pakistan

ISBN: (纸本)9783031776199

Many countries are severely affected by COVID-19, and massive efforts are required to mitigate the terrible impacts of the COVID-19 global epidemic. To stop COVID-19 from spreading widely and minimize COVID-19 patient treatment issues, early discovery of the virus in its early stages is essential. Conventional methods for COVID-19 detection are time-consuming, cumbersome, unreliable, and yield an incorrect diagnosis. Most deep learning (DL) methods for COVID-19 identification described in the past only support one data type (chest radiographs or CT scan images). Examining unusual patterns in various data types may yield high classification performance. For this purpose, we use two image datasets: chest radiographs and chest computer tomography (CT). This research study proposed an excellent COVID-19 detection strategy based on the Resnet-18 deep convolutional neural network (CNN) to timely and efficiently identify COVID-19 spread. Also, we used each image data type to conduct extensive Covid-19 detection experiments with the proposed DL model. We performed a trinary classification task (normal, covid-19, and pneumonia) using chest radiographs and a binary classification (COVID-19 and Normal) using CT scan images. We validated the performance of the proposed approach on two standard Kaggle datasets, i.e., the COVID-19 Radiography Database and the SARS-CoV-2 CT scan dataset. The Resnet model's detection accuracy of 99.42% using chest radiographs (CRs) and 100% using CT scans for COVID-19 detection indicates its efficacy in detecting COVID-19. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： COVID-19

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Task Consistent Prototype Learning for Incremental Few-Shot Semantic Segmentation 27th

Task Consistent Prototype Learning for Incremental Few-Shot...

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27th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, ICPR 2024

作者： Xu, Wenbo Wu, Yanan Jiang, Haoran Wang, Yang Wu, Qiang Zhang, Jian Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology University of Technology Sydney Sydney2007 Australia School of Computer and Information Technology Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing100044 China Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Concordia University MontrealH3G2J1 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9783031783463

Incremental Few-Shot Semantic Segmentation (iFSS) tackles a task that requires a model to continually expand its segmentation capability on novel classes using only a few annotated examples. Typical incremental approaches encounter a challenge that the objective of the base training phase (fitting base classes with sufficient instances) does not align with the incremental learning phase (rapidly adapting to new classes with less forgetting). This disconnect can result in suboptimal performance in the incremental setting. This study introduces a meta-learning-based prototype approach that encourages the model to learn how to adapt quickly while preserving previous knowledge. Concretely, we mimic the incremental evaluation protocol during the base training session by sampling a sequence of pseudo-incremental tasks. Each task in the simulated sequence is trained using a meta-objective to enable rapid adaptation without forgetting. To enhance discrimination among class prototypes, we introduce prototype space redistribution learning, which dynamically updates class prototypes to establish optimal inter-prototype boundaries within the prototype space. Extensive experiments on iFSS datasets built upon PASCAL and COCO benchmarks show the advanced performance of the proposed approach, offering valuable insights for addressing iFSS challenges. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Semantic Segmentation

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EvoChain: A Framework for Tracking and Visualizing Smart Contract Evolution

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Qasse, Ilham Hamdaqa, Mohammad Jónsson, Björn Þór Department of Computer Science Reykjavik University Reykjavik Iceland Department of Computer and Software Engineering Polytechnique Montreal Montreal Canada

Tracking the evolution of smart contracts is challenging due to their immutable nature and complex upgrade mechanisms. We introduce EvoChain, a comprehensive framework and dataset designed to track and visualize smart contract evolution. Building upon data from our previous empirical study, EvoChain models contract relationships using a Neo4j graph database and provides an interactive web interface for exploration. The framework consists of a data layer, an API layer, and a user interface layer. EvoChain allows stakeholders to analyze contract histories, upgrade paths, and associated vulnerabilities by leveraging these components. Our dataset encompasses approximately 1.3 million upgradeable proxies and nearly 15,000 historical versions, enhancing transparency and trust in blockchain ecosystems by providing an accessible platform for understanding smart contract evolution. © 2025, CC BY-NC-SA.

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