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arXiv 2023年

作者： Lu, Chengjie Ali, Shaukat Yue, Tao The Department of Engineering Complex Software Systems Simula Research Laboratory Oslo0258 Norway Simula Research Laboratory Norway Oslo Metropolitan University Oslo0258 Norway The School of Computer Science and Engineering Beihang University Beijing100191 China

Testing autonomous vehicles (AVs) under various environmental scenarios that lead the vehicles to unsafe situations is known to be challenging. Given the infinite possible environmental scenarios, it is essential to find critical scenarios efficiently. To this end, we propose a novel testing method, named EpiTESTER, by taking inspiration from epigenetics, which enables species to adapt to sudden environmental changes. In particular, EpiTESTER adopts gene silencing as its epigenetic mechanism, which regulates gene expression to prevent the expression of a certain gene, and the probability of gene expression is dynamically computed as the environment changes. Given different data modalities (e.g., images, lidar point clouds) in the context of AV, EpiTESTER benefits from a multi-model fusion transformer to extract high-level feature representations from environmental factors and then calculates probabilities based on these features with the attention mechanism. To assess the cost-effectiveness of EpiTESTER, we compare it with a classical genetic algorithm (GA) (i.e., without any epigenetic mechanism implemented) and EpiTESTER with equal probability for each gene. We evaluate EpiTESTER with four initial environments from CARLA, an open-source simulator for autonomous driving research, and an end-to-end AV controller, Interfuser. Our results show that EpiTESTER achieved a promising performance in identifying critical scenarios compared to the baselines, showing that applying epigenetic mechanisms is a good option for solving practical problems. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Autonomous vehicles

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Fuzzy Granule Density-Based Outlier Detection with Multi-Scale Granular Balls

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Gao, Can Tan, Xiaofeng Zhou, Jie Ding, Weiping Pedrycz, Witold The College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen518060 China Guangdong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing Shenzhen518060 China The National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data System Computing Technology Shenzhen University Shenzhen518060 China The School of Artificial Intelligence and Computer Science Nantong University Nantong226019 China The Faculty of Data Science City University of Macau Macau999078 China The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Alberta Edmonton Canada Systems Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences Warsaw Poland The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia The Department of Computer Engineering Istinye University Istanbul Turkey

Outlier detection refers to the identification of anomalous samples that deviate significantly from the distribution of normal data and has been extensively studied and used in a variety of practical tasks. However, most unsupervised outlier detection methods are carefully designed to detect specified outliers, while real-world data may be entangled with different types of outliers. In this study, we propose a fuzzy rough sets-based multi-scale outlier detection method to identify various types of outliers. Specifically, a novel fuzzy rough sets-based method that integrates relative fuzzy granule density is first introduced to improve the capability of detecting local outliers. Then, a multi-scale view generation method based on granular-ball computing is proposed to collaboratively identify group outliers at different levels of granularity. Moreover, reliable outliers and inliers determined by the three-way decision are used to train a weighted support vector machine to further improve the performance of outlier detection. The proposed method innovatively transforms unsupervised outlier detection into a semi-supervised classification problem and for the first time explores the fuzzy rough sets-based outlier detection from the perspective of multi-scale granular balls, allowing for high adaptability to different types of outliers. Extensive experiments carried out on both artificial and UCI datasets demonstrate that the proposed outlier detection method significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art methods, improving the results by at least 8.48% in terms of the Area Under the ROC Curve (AUROC) index. The source codes are released at https://***/Xiaofeng-Tan/MGBOD. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Granulation

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Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis on Amharic Text for Evaluating Ethio-Telecom Services

Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis on Amharic Text for Evaluati...

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Emerging Trends in Information Technology and engineering (ic-ETITE), Conference on

作者： Tarikwa Tesfa Befikadu Belete Samuel Abera Sudhir Kumar Mohapatra Tapan Kumar Das Department of Software Engineering Addis Ababa Science and Technology University Addis Ababa Ethiopia Ethio Telecom Services Addis Ababa Ethiopia Faculty of Emerging Technologies Sri Sri University Cuttack India School of Computer Science Engineering and Information Systems Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore India

People are increasingly expressing their views and opinions about a company's goods or service on social media these days. For all types of businesses and organizations, sentiment analysis in text can be used to find prospective customers and obtain quick feedback on the services or goods they provided. As a result, the organization has a better chance and opportunity to meet the needs of the consumer. Using sentiment analysis, we may extract important information from the thoughts and emotions of an organization's supporters and clients. It examines natural language content produced about services and goods. Detailed opinion mining at the aspect/feature level to serve consumer and organizational needs. In this study, three different machine learning algorithms, these are Naïve Bayes (NB), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and K- Nearest Neighbor (KNN) are used to build the proposed aspect-based sentiment analysis model from the customer comments in Amharic text which is collected from Ethio-telecom official Facebook page. The collected data is annotated into sentiment polarity and aspect-based sentiment classes by the help of five annotators. After data annotation, different preprocessing tasks were implemented. Bag of words and TF-IDF word representation techniques were used to represent each unique word to their vector representation. The experiment was conducted on those three models and the result was validated. The labeled aspects were not balanced so that a SMOTE class imbalance handling technique was employed to the dataset. Finally, SVM model trained with TF-IDF word representation technique with SMOTE oversampled dataset has achieved the highest accuracy result of 98% as compared to NB and KNN.

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An Incremental Learning Approach to Automatically Recognize Pulmonary Diseases from the Multi-vendor Chest Radiographs

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Sirshar, Mehreen Hassan, Taimur Akram, Muhammad Usman Khan, Shoab Ahmed Department of Computer and Software Engineering National University of Sciences and Technology Islamabad44000 Pakistan Center of Cyber-Physical Systems Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences Khalifa University Abu Dhabi127788 United Arab Emirates

The human respiratory network is a vital system that provides oxygen supply and nourishment to the whole body. Pulmonary diseases can cause severe respiratory problems, leading to sudden death if not treated timely. Many researchers have utilized deep learning systems (in both transfer learning and fine-tuning modes) to diagnose pulmonary disorders using chest X-rays (CXRs). However, such systems require exhaustive training efforts on large-scale (and well-annotated) data to effectively diagnose chest abnormalities (at the inference stage). Furthermore, procuring such large-scale data (in a clinical setting) is often infeasible and impractical, especially for rare diseases. With the recent advances in incremental learning, researchers have periodically tuned deep neural networks to learn different classification tasks with few training examples. Although, such systems can resist catastrophic forgetting, they treat the knowledge representations (which the network learns periodically) independently of each other, and this limits their classification performance. Also, to the best of our knowledge, there is no incremental learning-driven image diagnostic framework (to date) that is specifically designed to screen pulmonary disorders from the CXRs. To address this, we present a novel framework that can learn to screen different chest abnormalities incrementally (via few-shot training). In addition to this, the proposed framework is penalized through an incremental learning loss function that infers Bayesian theory to recognize structural and semantic inter-dependencies between incrementally learned knowledge representations to diagnose the pulmonary diseases effectively (at the inference stage), regardless of the scanner specifications. We tested the proposed framework on five public CXR datasets containing different chest abnormalities, where it achieved an accuracy of 0.8405 and the F1 score of 0.8303, outperforming various state-of-the-art incremental learning scheme

关键词： Diagnosis

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Improved method of segmentation of images from space-based optoelectronic observation systems based on Otsu's algorithm with global and adaptive thresholds 4

Improved method of segmentation of images from space-based o...

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4th IEEE KhPI Week on Advanced Technology, KhPI Week 2023

作者： Khudov, Hennadii Kalimulin, Temir Khudov, Rostyslav Butko, Ihor Burtseva, Viktoriia Burtsev, Valeriy Department of Radar Troops Tactic Ivan Kozhedub Kharkiv National Air Force University Kharkiv Ukraine Department of Theoretical and Applied Informatics V.N.Karazin Kharkiv National University Kharkiv Ukraine Department of Computer Sciences and Software Engineering Academician Y. Bugay International Scientific and Technical University Kyiv Ukraine Scientific Research Department of Military Standards Metrology Center of Military Standards Kharkiv Ukraine Department of Control Systems of Antiaircraft Missile Troops Ivan Kozhedub Kharkiv National Air Force University Kharkiv Ukraine

ISBN: (纸本)9798350395532

An analysis of optoelectronic image, received from space-based observation system has been carried out. It has been found out, that this image has a complex structure and a unimodal intensity histogram. Otsu method is chosen as to segment the image. This method is easy and relatively quick, when talking of its realization. Methods of global and adaptive thresholding have been researched to perform image segmentation. Results of experimental research of segmentation of optoelectronic image from space-based observation system with use of Otsu method are developed. Ways for future research in this area are defined. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Image segmentation

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Multimodal Fusion for Enhanced Parkinson's Disease Screening: Integrating Brain MRI, Hand Drawing, Facial Expressions, and Voice Analysis

Multimodal Fusion for Enhanced Parkinson's Disease Screening...

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Advancements in Computing (ICAC), International Conference on

作者： Naveen Warnakulasuriya Shalinika De Silva Janani Madushika Sadali Gamage Sanath Jayawardena Anuradha Karunasena Department of Information Technology Faculty of Computing Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology Malabe Sri Lanka Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Faculty of Computing Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology Malabe Sri Lanka Department of Computer Systems Engineering Faculty of Computing Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology Malabe Sri Lanka

Parkinson's disease (PD) profoundly impacts millions in Sri Lanka, emphasizing the importance of early detection for better patient outcomes. We introduce “NeuraTrace PD,” an innovative application for early PD screening, combining brain MRI, hand-drawn image analysis, facial expression assessment, and voice analysis. For brain MRI analysis, we employed a Graph Convolutional Network (GCN), achieving an impressive accuracy of 91% and identifying distinct graph connectivity patterns using graph theory. We also use a deep Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to reach 90% accuracy in analyzing hand-drawn images, while optimizing image resolution for efficiency and information retention. Facial expression analysis is a vital component, leveraging CNN and Constrained Local Models (CLM) to accurately extract Facial Action Units (FAUs), which contribute to a remarkable 95% accuracy using the XGBoost machine learning model. We introduce a Machine Learning (ML) algorithm and advanced signal processing to enhance voice feature analysis, offering a thorough understanding and classification of PD patients. It reaches 99% accuracy. In summary, our approach holds significant promise for advancing early PD diagnosis, ultimately improving the quality of life for those affected by this challenging condition.

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Texture and Orientation-based Feature Extraction for Robust Facial Expression Recognition

Texture and Orientation-based Feature Extraction for Robust ...

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International Conference on software engineering Research, Management and Applications (SERA)

作者： Sajid Ali Khan Mohammed Bin Abdulrahman Alawairdhi Mousa AL-Akhras Department of Software Engineering Foundation University Islamabad Islamabad Pakistan College of Computing and Informatics Saudi Electronic University Saudi Arabia Computer Information Systems Department King Abdullah II School for Information Technology The University of Jordan Amman

Facial expressions are the most effective way to characterize people’s motives, emotions, and feelings. Several new methods are proposed each year; however, the accuracy of facial expression recognition still needs to be improved especially in uncontrolled conditions. In this paper, we propose a hybrid facial expression model that considers both texture and orientation features to classify expressions. Two types of descriptors namely Local binary pattern and Weber local descriptor are used to preserve the local intensity information and orientation of edges. In the next step, computing the Histograms of oriented gradients (HOG) features from the Local binary pattern and Weber local descriptor images to capture micro-expressions. Then, the AdaBoost feature selection algorithm is utilized to choose the best features from the combined HOG features. The results of the experiments demonstrate that the method proposed in this study performs better than existing methods.

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MABPD: Mobile Agent-Based Prevention and Black Hole Attack Detection in Wireless Sensor Networks

MABPD: Mobile Agent-Based Prevention and Black Hole Attack D...

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Business Analytics for Technology and Security (ICBATS), International Conference on

作者： Humaira Ashraf Fizza Khan Uswa Ihsan Fatima Al-Quayed N.Z. Jhanjhi Mamoona Humayun Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering International Islamic University Islamabad Islamabad Pakistan Department of Computer Science College of Computer and Information Sciences Jouf University Sakakah Saudi Arabia School of Computer Science and Engineering (SCE) Taylor's University Malaysia Applied Science Research Center Applied Science Private University Amman Jordan Department of Information Systems College of Computer and Information Sciences Jouf University Sakakah Saudi Arabia

With the advancement and availability of the internet in the present age, everything is being wireless. Be it our home appliances or high defined monitoring systems, Wireless sensor networks play an important role. But with advancement comes a high probability of getting attacked. One of these attacks is the Blackhole attack (BHA), in which a node drains all the traffic towards itself and discards the data traffic without sending it towards the receiver. There exist multiple approaches that help to protect a network against BHA, but existing approaches have some drawbacks. Many proposed schemes make sure that the given technique uses less energy but failed to reduce the packet drop ratio. In the detection of BHA, the proposed scheme should not only detect defected nodes but also manages the efficiency. The proposed methodology used mobile agents with authentication of nodes and trust values to detect black hole nodes. The methodology is tested using different evaluation measures such as energy consumption, latency, network life, and packet delivery ratio. The proposed method uses a detection algorithm that increases energy consumption and hence networks lifetime. Packet delivery rate is increased by 19.51%, the energy consumption is reduced by 53.3%, and network life is increased by 43.3% as compared to the previous technique.

关键词： Wireless communication Energy consumption Wireless sensor networks Mobile agents Energy measurement Clustering algorithms Transportation

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The impact of vaccination on the infection rate and the severity of Covid-19

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2022年

作者： Rayhan, Md. Abdullah-Al-Wadud, M. Ahmed, M. Helal Uddin Department Of Computer Science And Engineering Brac University Dhaka Bangladesh Department Of Software Engineering College Of Computer And Information Sciences King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia Department Of Management Information Systems University Of Dhaka Dhaka1000 Bangladesh

This study aims to statistically assess the effectiveness of vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. It is indispensable to investigate the relationship between Covid-19 deadliness and vaccination in order to study the impact of vaccine in real-world. We studied rates of infection and death due to Covid-19 in different countries with respect to their levels of vaccination. People who received the required dose of vaccination were considered as fully vaccinated in this study. Based on the percentage of fully vaccinated population, countries were categorized into several groups. Though a high-level study on the vaccine effectiveness may not provide much insight for individual level differences, a global analysis is imperative to infer the influence of vaccination as a controlling measure of the pandemic. © 2022, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Vaccines

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Trustworthy Hierarchical Federated Learning for Digital Healthcare

Trustworthy Hierarchical Federated Learning for Digital Heal...

引用

Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT), IEEE Annual Congress on

作者： Sarhad Arisdakessian Omar Abdel Wahab Osama Wehbi Azzam Mourad Hadi Otrok Computer and Software Engineering Polytechnique Montréal Montréal Canada Department of CS 6KU 6G Research Center Khalifa University UAE Department of CSM Artificial Intelligence & Cyber Systems Research Center Lebanese American University Beirut Lebanon

ISBN: (数字)9798350392296

ISBN: (纸本)9798350392302

Healthcare institutions and medical device manufacturers are under regulatory obligations to safeguard and protect the privacy of data they acquire from patients. This limits their ability to share the data with other institutions to collectively train machine learning models. Due to its ability in preserving the privacy of data used in training models, Federated Learning (FL) has been proposed as a tool in healthcare that mitigates some of the privacy concerns. However, the presence of less-engaging clients; or free-riders; in such environments is a major concern. Such clients reap the benefits of the global model (1) without actively participating in the learning rounds, and (2) by not contributing their system and data resources. In this work, we propose a mechanism that minimizes the presence of free-riders in such environments. Experimental results shows the effectiveness of our approach.

关键词： Training Data privacy Medical devices Federated learning Hospitals Games Data models

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