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Optimized digital watermarking: Harnessing the synergies of Schur matrix factorization, DCT, and DWT for superior image ownership proofing

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第18期84卷 19817-19852页

作者： Al-Aiash, Issa Alquran, Rabee AlJamal, Mahmoud Alsarhan, Ayoub Aljaidi, Mohammad Al-Fraihat, Dimah Department of Information Technology Faculty of Prince Al-Hussein Bin Abdallah II for Information Technology The Hashemite University Zarqa13133 Jordan Department of Computer Science Faculty of Information Technology Zarqa University Zarqa13110 Jordan Department of Software Engineering Faculty of Information Technology Isra University Amman11622 Jordan

The contemporary context of abundant digital dissemination inherently gives rise to the need for media protection and the clear identification of ownership rights. This paper responded to this nagging issue of unauthorized media capture by developing a new digital watermarking approach uniting the Discrete Wavelet Transform DWT, Discrete Cosine Transform DCT, and Schur matrix factorization. The proposed watermark, which was a positive vector uniformly distributed, presented a high degree of robustness to several adversarial operating conditions, including histogram equalization, salt and pepper noise, ripple impact, smoothing attack, and cropping. The obtained results reveal the effectiveness of our approach. The correlation coefficient between watermarked and original images remains exceptionally high at 0.999998, ensuring minimal visual distortion. Mean Squared Error (MSE) graphs for both high-frequency (HH) and low-frequency (LL) domains demonstrate negligible changes after attacks, confirming the watermark's robustness. Notably, the watermark extraction process remains successful even after histogram equalization, as indicated by significantly lower MSE compared to random vectors. Moreover, the average processing times for different attacks are promising;Histogram Equalization and Salt and Pepper attacks each took 0.3 s, Ripple Attack required 0.28 s, Smoothing Attack completed in 0.29 s, and the Cropping Attack took 0.6 s. The robustness of our approach appears against the salt and pepper attack, which historically presented a vulnerability when employing Schur matrix factorization in image watermarking, indicating the novelty of and this contribution to improving media ownership verification. By combining disparate transformation methodologies, this technique offers a promising avenue for reinforcing the integrity and authenticity of digital media, thereby strengthening the foundations of intellectual property rights in the digital domain. © The Author(s), und

关键词： Discrete wavelet transforms

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An Intelligent Privacy Protection Scheme for Efficient Edge Computation Offloading in IoV

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2024年第4期33卷 910-919页

作者： Liang YAO Xiaolong XU Wanchun DOU Muhammad Bilal School of Software Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Nanjing University Department of Computer and Electronics Systems Engineering Hankuk University of Foreign Studies

As a pivotal enabler of intelligent transportation system(ITS), Internet of vehicles(Io V) has aroused extensive attention from academia and industry. The exponential growth of computation-intensive, latency-sensitive,and privacy-aware vehicular applications in Io V result in the transformation from cloud computing to edge computing,which enables tasks to be offloaded to edge nodes(ENs) closer to vehicles for efficient execution. In ITS environment,however, due to dynamic and stochastic computation offloading requests, it is challenging to efficiently orchestrate offloading decisions for application requirements. How to accomplish complex computation offloading of vehicles while ensuring data privacy remains challenging. In this paper, we propose an intelligent computation offloading with privacy protection scheme, named COPP. In particular, an Advanced Encryption Standard-based encryption method is utilized to implement privacy protection. Furthermore, an online offloading scheme is proposed to find optimal offloading policies. Finally, experimental results demonstrate that COPP significantly outperforms benchmark schemes in the performance of both delay and energy consumption.

关键词： Industries Privacy Energy consumption Transportation Computational efficiency Encryption Protection

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YOLOCSP-PEST for Crops Pest Localization and Classification

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computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第2期82卷 2373-2388页

作者： Farooq Ali Huma Qayyum Kashif Saleem Iftikhar Ahmad Muhammad Javed Iqbal Department of Software Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyTaxila47050Pakistan Department of Computer Science&Engineering College of Applied Studies&Community ServiceKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11362Saudi Arabia Department of Information Technology Faculty of Computing and Information TechnologyKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science University of Engineering and TechnologyTaxila47050Pakistan

Preservation of the crops depends on early and accurate detection of pests on crops as they cause several diseases decreasing crop production and quality. Several deep-learning techniques have been applied to overcome the issue of pest detection on crops. We have developed the YOLOCSP-PEST model for Pest localization and classification. With the Cross Stage Partial Network (CSPNET) backbone, the proposed model is a modified version of You Only Look Once Version 7 (YOLOv7) that is intended primarily for pest localization and classification. Our proposed model gives exceptionally good results under conditions that are very challenging for any other comparable models especially conditions where we have issues with the luminance and the orientation of the images. It helps farmers working out on their crops in distant areas to determine any infestation quickly and accurately on their crops which helps in the quality and quantity of the production yield. The model has been trained and tested on 2 datasets namely the IP102 data set and a local crop data set on both of which it has shown exceptional results. It gave us a mean average precision (mAP) of 88.40% along with a precision of 85.55% and a recall of 84.25% on the IP102 dataset meanwhile giving a mAP of 97.18% on the local data set along with a recall of 94.88% and a precision of 97.50%. These findings demonstrate that the proposed model is very effective in detecting real-life scenarios and can help in the production of crops improving the yield quality and quantity at the same time.

关键词： Deep learning classification of pests YOLOCSP-PEST pest detection

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Path Selection Optimization Algorithms for Mobile Agent Based on Push-All-Data Strategy

International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies

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International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies 2025年第10期19卷 112-128页

作者： Alzyoud, Faisal Tarawneh, Monther Al-Shrouf, Faiz Almaghthawi, Ahmed Alrehaili, Meaad Kanaker, Hasan Department of Computer Science Isra University Amman Jordan Department of Information Technology College of Information Technology and Communications Tafila Technical University Tafila Jordan Department of Software Engineering Faculty of Information Technology Isra University Amman Jordan Department of Computer Science College of Science & Art at Mahayil King Khalid University Abha62529 Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Sciences and Artificial Intelligence Collège of Computer Science and Engineering University of Jeddah Jeddah Saudi Arabia Department of Information Security Faculty of Information Technology Petra University Amman Jordan

With the advent of 5G and 6G technologies and the growing ubiquity of the Internet, the Mobile Agent (MA) paradigm is increasingly seen as a promising alternative to the conventional client-server model. MAs, which are software entities capable of moving and processing data across different systems, offer potential efficiencies in data management. However, their operation in dynamic and mobile environments can lead to challenges, such as incomplete or delayed tasks. This study addresses these issues by focusing on reducing the relocation time of MAs. A numerical procedure and a streamlining strategy were developed to expedite the transfer of an agent from the source to the target hub. Utilizing the itinerary design pattern and the Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm, implemented via the Java Agent Development Framework (JADE), this study sought the most efficient path for the MA. The proposed algorithm demonstrated a significant improvement, selecting the optimal path in just 271.511 seconds. This performance represents a substantial enhancement over previous approaches using the master-slave design pattern with either the Genetic Algorithm (GA) or the Node Compression Algorithm (NCA). The implications of this improvement are far-reaching, potentially enhancing the efficiency and reliability of data management systems in a variety of applications. © 2025 by the authors of this article. Published under CC-BY.

关键词： information management

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DERLight: A Deep Reinforcement Learning Traffic Light Control Algorithm with Dual Experience Replay

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Journal of Internet technology 2024年第1期25卷 79-86页

作者： Yang, Zhichao Kong, Yan Hsia, Chih-Hsien School of Computer and Software Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology China Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Ilan University Taiwan Department of Business Administration Chaoyang University of Technology Taiwan

In recent years, with the increasingly severe traffic environment, most cities are facing various traffic congestion problems, and the demand for intelligent regulation of traffic signals is also increasing. In this study, we propose a new intelligent traffic light control algorithm, dual experience replay light (DERLight), which innovatively and efficiently designs a dual experience replay training mechanism based on the classic deep Q network (DQN) framework and considers the dynamic epoch function. As results show that compared with some state-of-the-art algorithms, DERLight can shorten the average travel time of vehicles, increase the throughput at intersections, and also speed up the convergence of the network. In addition, the design of this algorithm framework is not only limited to the field of intelligent transportation, but also has transferability for some other fields. © 2024 Taiwan Academic Network Management Committee. All rights reserved.

关键词： Reinforcement learning

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Deepfake Audio Detection for Urdu Language Using Deep Neural Networks

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 97765-97778页

作者： Ahmad, Omair Khan, Muhammad Sohail Jan, Salman Khan, Inayat University of Engineering and Technology Department of Computer Software Engineering Mardan Pakistan Arab Open University Faculty of Computer Studies A’Ali732 Bahrain University of Engineering and Technology Department of Computer Science Mardan Pakistan

Audio Deepfakes, which are highly realistic fake audio recordings driven by AI tools that clone human voices, With Advancements in Text-Based Speech Generation (TTS) and Vocal Conversion (VC) technologies have enabled it easier to create realistic synthetic and imitative speech, making audio Deepfakes a common and potentially dangerous form of deception. Well-known people, like politicians and celebrities, are often targeted. They get tricked into saying controversial things in fake recordings, causing trouble on social media. Even kids’ voices are cloned to scam parents into ransom payments, etc. Therefore, developing effective algorithms to distinguish Deepfake audio from real audio is critical to preventing such frauds. Various Machine learning (ML) and Deep learning (DL) techniques have been created to identify audio Deepfakes. However, most of these solutions are trained on datasets in English, Portuguese, French, and Spanish, expressing concerns regarding their correctness for other languages. The main goal of the research presented in this paper is to evaluate the effectiveness of deep learning neural networks in detecting audio Deepfakes in the Urdu language. Since there’s no suitable dataset of Urdu audio available for this purpose, we created our own dataset (URFV) utilizing both genuine and fake audio recordings. The Urdu Original/real audio recordings were gathered from random youtube podcasts and generated as Deepfake audios using the RVC model. Our dataset has three versions with clips of 5, 10, and 15 seconds. We have built various deep learning neural networks like (RNN+LSTM, CNN+attention, TCN, CNN+RNN) to detect Deepfake audio made through imitation or synthetic techniques. The proposed approach extracts Mel-Frequency-Cepstral-Coefficients (MFCC) features from the audios in the dataset. When tested and evaluated, Our models’ accuracy across datasets was noteworthy. 97.78% (5s), 98.89% (10s), and 98.33% (15s) were remarkable results for the RNN+LSTM

关键词： Deep neural networks

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COVID-19 Prediction Model Empowered with Fused Computational Intelligence Technique

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IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing 2025年第1期14卷 109-117页

作者： Khan, Muhammad Adnan Naseer, Iftikhar Ali, Muhammad Nadeem Kim, Byung-Seo Department of Software Faculty of Artificial Intelligence & Software Gachon University Seongnam13120 Korea Republic of Faculty of Computer Science & Information Technology The Superior University Lahore54600 Pakistan Department of Software and Communications Engineering Hongik University Sejong Campus Korea Republic of

The novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) spread rapidly around the world and caused overwhelming effects on the health and economy of the world. It first appeared in Wuhan city of China and was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). Many researchers, as well as experts in clinical and artificial intelligence experts, are working together to control the rapid spread of COVID-19 with early detection. This study focused on intelligent prediction for coronavirus using computational intelligence approaches (IPC-FCIA) like convolutional neural networks, support vector machines, and fuzzy logic techniques. The proposed IPC-FCIA model is based on two sections namely the training section and the validation section. Features fusion and decision-level fusion are used in this study to enhance the performance of the recommended IPC-FCIA model. The proposed model predicts the early detection of COVID-19 in two types COVID-negative and COVID-positive. The benchmark results of the model show an accuracy of 97.66 % on decision-level fusion in the detection of COVID-19. The proposed model can be helpful for medical experts as well as COVID-19-affected patients. © 2025 Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea. All rights reserved.

关键词： COVID-19

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A three-step SEM-Bayesian network approach for predicting the determinants of CloudIoT-based healthcare adoption

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International Journal of information technology (Singapore) 2024年 1-21页

作者： Altawaiha, Iyad Atan, Rodziah Yaakob, Razali Bin Abdullah, Rusli Bin Hj Department of Software Engineering and Information Systems Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) Serdang 43400 Malaysia Department of Computer Science Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) Serdang 43400 Malaysia

Adopting the CloudIoT-based healthcare paradigm provides various prospects for medical IT and considerably enhances healthcare services. However, compared to the advanced development of CloudIoT-based healthcare systems, their usage is relatively low among healthcare professionals in hospitals. Thus, a study on the healthcare professionals acceptance and adoption of CloudIoT-based healthcare is critical. This study explores factors influencing healthcare professionals adoption of CloudIoT-based healthcare solutions by extending the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of technology 2 model. Data was collected from 300 healthcare professionals in Jordan through an online questionnaire developed using the Google^® form application. The Bayesian Network and Structural Equation Modeling techniques were used to analyze and validate the proposed model. The results revealed that the healthcare professional’s behavioral intention is directly affected by seven factors: performance expectancy, effort expectancy, facilitating conditions, habit, trust, privacy, and security. The results also indicate that trust mediates the influence of privacy, facilitating conditions, and performance expectancy on behavioral intention. The research results will aid CloudIoT service providers, healthcare organizations, designers, and developers by offering comprehensive knowledge of the significant factors of CloudIoT-based healthcare adoption. A better understanding of these factors will help these stakeholder groups enhance their services and speed up the adoption of CloudIoT in the healthcare area. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Bharati Vidyapeeth's Institute of computer Applications and Management 2024.

关键词： Adoption Bayesian network CloudIoT Healthcare professionals Structural equation modeling UTAUT2

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Assessing and prioritizing crucial drivers for CloudIoT-based healthcare adoption: an analytic hierarchy process approach

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International Journal of information technology (Singapore) 2024年 1-18页

The CloudIoT paradigm has profoundly transformed the healthcare industry, providing outstanding innovation and practical applications. However, despite its many advantages, the adoption of this paradigm in healthcare settings remains limited. There is a lack of comprehensive understanding of the factors that ensure successful implementation. To address this issue, we have used the Analytic Hierarchy Process to prioritize 26 factors that could potentially influence the adoption of CloudIoT-based healthcare. These factors were derived from existing literature and categorized into four main groups: personal-specific, technology-specific, environment-specific, and organization-specific factors. Our findings revealed that performance expectancy, trust, facilitating conditions, task complexity, and perceived security are the top five critical factors influencing CloudIoT-based healthcare adoption. Interestingly, our results indicated that environmental factors were less influential than those in the other categories, with personal, technological, and organizational factors dominating the top ten significant factors. The insights from this study can help policymakers, CloudIoT service providers, healthcare providers, designers, and developers better understand the factors contributing to the successful implementation of CloudIoT-based healthcare. This understanding can guide decision-making and inform the development of strategies to promote the broader adoption of this innovative technology. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Bharati Vidyapeeth's Institute of computer Applications and Management 2024.

关键词： Adoption Analytic hierarchy process CloudIoT Factors Healthcare industry

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Karnauph Classifier: A Hybrid Mathematical Model for Data Classification

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Applied Mathematics and Nonlinear sciences 2023年第2期8卷 2333-2344页

作者： Zabian, Arwa Jadara University Faculty of Science and Information Technology Department of Software Engineering Irbid Jordan

The speed at which the data is generated, processed and stored to meet the demands of our lives today requires new technologies for handling and using this amount of data. Research on the effective usage of this data suggests that data analysis can contribute to international development, by improving decision-making, in health care, economic, and human resource development. Using artificial intelligence helps in discovering the important features of the data and to use it in classifying known data or in predicting the state of unseen data. In this paper, we propose a hybrid model that combines between Decision Tree algorithm and the Naïve Bayes algorithm in linear functions to improve the performance of a single classifier. Our algorithm is tested for three features and four features on binary data only. The simulation results indicate that our proposed algorithm outperforms the two algorithms tested separately on the same data in terms of accuracy which refers to the number of cases predicted correctly. © 2023 Arwa Zabian, published by Sciendo.

关键词： big data analysis ensemble learning entropy reduction Hybrid mathematical model linear regression model posterior probability

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