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Particle Image Velocimetry

作者： Tani, Naoki Kondo, Hiroki Mori, Michitsugu Hishida, Koichi Maeda, Masanobu Dept. System Design Engineering Keio University Yokohama Japan Nucl. Pwr. Res./Development Center Dept. of System Design Engineering Faculty of Science and Technology Keio University Hiyoshi 3-14-1 Kohoku-ku Yokohama 223-8522 Japan

The objective of the present work is to establish a vector field imaging system using a PIV technique with an optical fiberscope. PIV has become a powerful tool due to its capability of measuring instantaneous velocity fields[Adrian 1991][Westerweel 1997], and PIV has contributed to highly accurate analysis of complex flows in combination with the scalar measurement of temperature[Sakakibara et al 1993]. However, where we actually investigate flows in closed vessels such as reactor, power plant, chemical plant, or combustor, illumination and recording of particle images become difficult and restricted because of the necessity of optical windows in appropriate positions. Another problem is that optical windows have a limited view restricted by a particular angle of optical access. The optical fiberscope makes it possible to thoroughly investigate internal condition without windows and is expected to become a successful diagnostic tool for industrial applications.

关键词： Imaging systems

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Calcium transient and its propagation by poking a single human microvascular endothelial cell with a heat-blunt-ended micropipette

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Materials science and engineering C 2001年第1-2期17卷 45-49页

作者： Ushida, Takashi Yoshizawa, Norihiko Noguchi, Takuya Tateishi, Tetsuya Biomedical Engineering Laboratory Graduate School of Engineering University of Tokyo Hongo 7-3-1 Bunkyo Tokyo Japan Tissue Engineering Research Center National Institute for Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Higashi Tsukuba Japan Department of System Engineering Faculty of Engineering Nippon Institute of Technology Minamisaitama Saitama Japan Biomedical Engineering Laboratory Graduate School of Engineering University of Tokyo Hongo 7-3-1 Tokyo Japan

In order to elucidate signal transduction mechanism on how cells sense mechanical deformation, cytosolic Ca transients, by poking with a heat-blunted glass micropipette, were directly observed in human microvascular endothelial cell (HMEC). Cytosolic Ca transients were observed in almost all the HMECs poked with a micropipette. The transients started at the point of poking, and propagated at the peripheral regions of the poked cell. Those transients were also observed to propagate to the adjacent cells. Neither transient of poked cells nor propagation to adjacent cells was detected under the condition of depletion of extracellular Ca or intracellular Ca stores. Either stretch-activated channel or voltage-sensitive ion channel blockage inhibited significantly Ca transients. Phospholipase C inhibition, resulting in inhibition of inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) production, caused no Ca transient by poking. The results suggested that Ca influx might be a trigger for Ca release from intracellular Ca stores by IP3 in the case of HMEC poking experiments. © 2001 Elsevier science B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Materials science

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An approximation to EMI noise problem to design an appropriate EMI filter for induction motor control systems

An approximation to EMI noise problem to design an appropria...

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SICE Annual Conference

作者： K. Gulez N. Mutoh F. Harashima K. Ohnishi Department of Electronic Systems Engineering Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Technology Hino Tokyo Japan Faculty of Science and Technology Department of System Design Engineering Keio University Yokohama Japan

Fixing conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI) problems with EMI filters is not en exact science. It normally involves a cut-and-trial process for a designer to come up with a proper filter design or approximation. As such, designing a filter is a time-consuming process for beginning engineers as well as for experienced engineers when they face new design circumstances. Due to this, predicting and solving EMI emissions related to common mode ones, induction motor drive systems require various frequency-dependent effects to be considered. Thus, the application of circuitry to increase the performance per size, prevent dependency on some parameters of the motor and the new conditions corresponding to the new technological improvements in our daily systems for an EMI filter is considered.

关键词： Electromagnetic interference Filters Induction motors design engineering Control systems Circuits Impedance Appropriate technology systems engineering and theory Process design

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Modeling an IGBT-inverter with neural networks in control environment

Modeling an IGBT-inverter with neural networks in control en...

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IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE)

作者： K. Gulez N. Mutoh F. Harashima K. Ohnishi Department of Electronic Systems Engineering Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Technology Tokyo Japan Faculty of Science and Technology Depart. of System Design Engineering Keio University Yokohama Japan

ISBN: (纸本)0780370902

The IGBT is a very well-known power device used in most AC motor control applications. It is also a new power device according to most of the other power electronic developments in the last 10 years with an insulated gate input like that of the power MOSFET but with the low on-state resistance of a power bipolar transistor. Also, it is known that the IGBT functions as a bipolar transistor that is supplied base current by the drain of a MOSFET where the source of the MOSFET is shorted to the collector of the bipolar transistor. In this paper, the analytical model of the IGBT explained in the literature to match the drive circuit requirements is used with a neural network model of switching conditions of the inverter. Transient operation of the IGBT is considered to model a new type of device to prevent switching harmonics sourced by the inverter from being passed to the motor.

关键词： Insulated gate bipolar transistors Neural networks MOSFET circuits AC motors Bipolar transistors Inverters Power electronics Insulation Power MOSFET Current supplies

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Characteristic phonon scattering enhancement correlated with magnetic and charge orders in La_1-XSr_XMnO₃ (X ≥ 0.50)

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Physica Status Solidi (B) Basic Research 2001年第1期225卷 135-143页

作者： Ikebe, M. Fujishiro, H. Kanoh, S. Mikami, T. Department of Materials Science and Technology Faculty of Engineering Iwate University Morioka 020-8551 4-3-5 Ueda Germany Nippon System Ware Co. Ltd. Shibuya-ku Tokyo 150-0031 Sakuragaoka Japan

The thermal conductivity κ(T) and the thermal diffusivity α(T) of La1-XSrXMnO3 (X ≥ 0.50) have been measured and phonon scattering mechanisms have been analyzed in terms of the power of dependence on phonon frequen... 详细信息

The thermal conductivity κ(T) and the thermal diffusivity α(T) of La_1-XSr_XMnO₃ (X ≥ 0.50) have been measured and phonon scattering mechanisms have been analyzed in terms of the power of dependence on phonon frequency ω_ph. For 0.50 ≤ X < 0.55, where the high temperature ferromagnetic phase becomes unstable against the A-type antiferromagnetic (AF) order, the phonon scattering mechanism proportional to ω¹_ph is enhanced in the low temperature AF phase. In contrast, in the charge ordered phase for X ≥ 0.67, the phonon scattering mechanism proportional to ω⁴_ph is enhanced. The enhancement in the phonon scattering mechanisms reflects the types of the order in this manganese system.

关键词： 63.20.Dj 66.70.+f 72.15.Eb 75.30.Kz S10.15

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Flow Measurements in Microspace Using Sub-Micron Fluorescent Particles - An Effect of Brownian Motion on Velocity Detection

Flow Measurements in Microspace Using Sub-Micron Fluorescent...

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Particle Image Velocimetry

作者： Inaba, S. Sato, Y. Hishida, K. Maeda, Masanobu Keio University Yokohama Japan Natl. Inst. Adv. Indust. Sci./T. Tsukuba Japan Dept. of System Design Engineering Faculty of Science and Technology Keio University 3-14-1 Hiyoshi Kohoku-ku Yokohama 223-8522 Japan

For the purpose of measuring a flow field on the order of dozens or several hundred microns, sub-micron diameter particles must be utilized as a tracer particle not to disturb the flow field. Since the diameter of particles is close to the wavelength of light source, the scattered light from a particle is blurred by the diffraction limit and it is difficult to image particles. Fluorescent particles were selected to obtain clear images of particles by filtering the excitation light, as the wavelength of the emission of fluorescence is different from that of the incident light source. The sub-micron tracer particles flow with fluctuation even in a laminar flow of a microchannel, affected by Brownian motion, and it is significant for lower velocity measurement. The methods to eliminate such random components are averaging with integration of multiple data. The time-averaging methods are usually employed and show very smoothed vector fields, but the methods lose the information of temporal variation of flow fields. While the averaging of the velocity vectors within a certain observation area, spatial averaging, provides higher time resolution ever losing the spatial resolution. The present report examined the spatial averaging method to keep a spatial resolution as well. The method was successful by employing PIV as a clue to find local flow directions of particles and applied the PTV to the field. The method could be applied to a denser seeding flow field and the area for averaging becomes smaller. The method shall be called as Spatial Averaged Time-resolved PTV (SAT-PTV). The spatial averaging method provides an instantaneous vector of flow in a small local area and Brownian diffusion of particles individually. It would contribute further to such as vibrant flow, acceleration and deceleration flows in microchannels.

关键词： Medical imaging

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Distributed sensory intelligence architecture for human centered systems

Distributed sensory intelligence architecture for human cent...

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IEEE International Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Robotics and Automation (CIRA)

作者： T. Yamguchi Dayong Chen H. Nitta Department of Electronic System Engineering Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Technology Hino Tokyo Japan PRESTO Japan Science and Technology Corporation Hino Tokyo Japan Department of Information Science Faculty of Engineering Utsunomiya University Tochigi Japan

Aims at providing a driver with his blind spot information in advance, taking his intention into consideration. We propose a "distributed-sensory-intelligence architecture", with sensor/intelligence pairs and which connect to each other by a network. Intelligent space is a space such that it is as if the whole space has highly intelligent cooperation, switching its role autonomously according to environmental information. This autonomous role switching function is "Soft DNA". In the paper, we aim at realizing safe and comfortable driving support by showing information required for a driver by re-composing environmental information or recognizing driver intention based on this distributed-sensory-intelligence architecture. This proposal can be used in robotics too.

关键词： Humans systems engineering and theory Information science

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A 2-V CMOS 455-kHz FM/FSK demodulator using feedforward offset cancellation limiting amplifier

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IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 2001年第1期36卷 135-138页

作者： Po-Chiun Huang Yi-Huei Chen Chorng-Kuang Wang Circuit Design Engineering Division MediaTek Inc. Hsinchu Taiwan System-on-Chip Technology Center Industrial Technology and Research Institute Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering College of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan

This paper presents a low-voltage low-power IF 455-kHz signal processor that contains a three-stage limiting amplifier and an FM/FSK demodulator. The limiting amplifier uses an on-chip feedforward offset cancellation circuit. The FM/FSK demodulator employs a quadrature detector that is composed of an on-chip phase detector and an external tank phase shifter. The demodulation constant is 20 mV/kHz with masimum /spl plusmn/10-kHz frequency deviation. The IF signal processor that consumes 2.3 mW from a single 2-V power supply demonstrates a high sensitivity of -72 dBm. It occupies an active area of 0.2 mm/sup 2/ using 0.6-/spl mu/m digital CMOS technology.

关键词： Frequency shift keying Demodulation Limiting Detectors Signal processing Phase detection CMOS technology Integrated circuit technology Automatic control Communication system control

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Multi-level low swing voltage values for low power design applications

Multi-level low swing voltage values for low power design ap...

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IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and systems (ISCAS)

作者： A. Rjoub M. Alrousan O. Jarrah O. Koufopavlou Faculty of Computer Technology and Infonnation Department of Computer Engineering Jordan University of Science and Technology Irbid Jordan VLSI Design Laboratory Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of Patras Patras Greece

ISBN: (纸本)0780366859

A new low-power design method based on multiple low swing internal voltage values is proposed in this paper. It can be applied in logic circuits, which are designed with different logic family techniques such as Complementary Pass Transistor Logic (CPL), Domino Logic and Cascade Voltage Switch Logic (CVSL). The goal of this method is the reduction of the circuit power dissipation, with only a negligible increase in the area, without a reduction in the circuit operating speed. This is achieved with the replacement of a number of selected full swing voltage circuit components by low swing voltage components. The application of the proposed technique in a CPL 4-bit multiplier proved that 70% power dissipation reduction was achieved, with 30% area overhead, and no reduction in the circuit speed.

关键词： Low voltage Power dissipation Inverters Logic circuits Logic design Switches Power engineering computing MOSFETs Application software design engineering

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Digital optoelectronic parallel computing system for solving optimization problems based on the genetic algorithm by using the Joint Optoelectronics Project (JOP) prototypes

Digital optoelectronic parallel computing system for solving...

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Pacific Rim Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO/Pacific Rim)

作者： Y. Awatsuji T. Ishimaru H. Furutani T. Kubota Division of Information and produdion Science Graduate School of Science and Technology Sakyo Kyoto Japan Department of Electronim and Information Science Faculty of Engineering and Design Kyoto Institute of Technology Sakyo Kyoto Japan

We have proposed a digital optoelectronic parallel computing system for implementing the genetic algorithm by using the JOP prototypes. Two kinds of the optical parallel image broadcasting processor used in the system... 详细信息

关键词： Parallel processing Prototypes Optical receivers Optical computing High speed optical techniques Computer architecture Broadcasting Genetic algorithms Optical arrays Mirrors

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