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One-stone-two-birds: over 26% efficiency in perovskite solar cells via synergistic crystallization & interface regulation

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Energy and Environmental Science 2025年

作者： Jiao, Boxin Tan, Liguo Ye, Yiran Ren, Ningyu Li, Minghao Li, Hang Li, Xiaoyi Yi, Chenyi State Key Laboratory of Power System Operation and Control Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China Institute of Carbon Neutrality Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China

Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites have emerged as promising photovoltaic materials due to their excellent photoelectronic properties and low-cost fabrication techniques. However, the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are compromised by the random orientation of optically active phase crystals and bulk/interface defects. In this paper, we developed a multifunctional organic material, parabanic acid, to regulate the crystallization and realize full-range defect passivation integrated passivation of defects in perovskites. Attributed to the synergistic effect of functional groups, perovskite films with concentrated out-of-plane spatial orientation were formed. In addition, the introduction of an interface passivation layer based on parabanic acid achieved integrated passivation of bulk and interface defects in perovskite solar cells. The resulting PSCs achieved a power conversion efficiency of 26.03% (certified 25.51%) with excellent environmental stability. Notably, under standard measurement conditions (ISOS-L-1I), the maximum power point output maintained 96.3% of its initial efficiency over 2000 hours. The synergistic regulation of crystal orientation and integrated passivation of defects provide a new approach to promote the development of perovskite solar cells. © 2025 The Royal Society of Chemistry.

关键词： Organic-inorganic materials

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Minimax Regret Robust Co-Planning of Transmission and Energy Storage systems With Mixed Integer Recourse

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IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy 2025年

作者： Barkom, Ehsan Saber, Hossein Moeini-Aghtaie, Moein Ehsan, Mehdi Shahidehpour, Mohammad Sharif University of Technology Center of Excellence in Power System Control and Management Department of Electrical Engineering Tehran11365-11155 Iran Sharif University of Technology Department of Energy Engineering Tehran Iran Illinois Institute of Technology Robert W. Galvin Center for Electricity Innovation ChicagoIL60616 United States King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia

The growing penetration of renewable energy sources, with intermittent and uncertain nature, brings new challenges to the secure and efficient operation of power systems. Expanding transmission networks and utilizing energy storage (ES) have been introduced as effective solutions to address these challenges. This paper presents a minimax regret robust co-planning model with mixed integer recourse for transmission and ES systems, designed from the perspective of a central planner. The model considers a polyhedral uncertainty set for future peak load growth, while uncertainties in wind farm expansion are addressed through internal scenario analysis. This approach will guarantee the robustness of investment decisions and provide the central planner with a clear picture of the maximum regret among all possible scenarios. Furthermore, the proposed minimax regret framework facilitates strategic planning for ES installation after the resolution of long-term uncertainties. In this paper, we reformulate the model into a standard min-max-min problem, in which the maximization level is only over uncertainties. Subsequently, a five-level solution strategy based on a modified nested column and constraint generation decomposition technique is represented to deal with the intractability and complexity of the problem caused by binary variables of transmission lines and ES blocks. The model is finally evaluated through comprehensive simulation studies to verify its tractability, practicality, and effectiveness. © 2010-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Adaptive robust optimization energy storage minimax regret planning studies transmission expansion uncertainties

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Optimal design and techno-economic analysis of a desert off-grid photovoltaic-to-hydrogen system integrated with pipeline networks

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Energy Conversion and Management 2025年 336卷

作者： Xu, Jiaxin Lin, Jin Li, Jiarong Lin, Ruixiao Pan, Guangsheng Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing China State Key Laboratory of Power System Operation and Control Tsinghua University Beijing China Tsinghua-Sichuan Energy Internet Research Institute Chengdu China Harvard John A Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University Cambridge United States School of Electrical Engineering Southeast University Nanjing China

Addressing the challenge of harnessing remote solar resources for sustainable hydrogen production, this study presents a scalable off-grid photovoltaic-to-hydrogen (OgPVtH) system. We propose a bottom-up design methodology for the OgPVtH system, capturing the interconnections between land, water, and energy at micro and macro levels. At the micro level, we propose and consider the dynamic water-power-hydrogen characteristics of electrolyzers in a precise capacity allocation optimization model. At the macro level, we consider pipeline dynamic operating pressure constraints and establish a robust method for generating water-hydrogen pipeline network topologies. We conduct a real case study in the Hobq Desert. It reveals a levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH) of 2.59 $/kg for the proposed OgPVtH system, indicating a 3.0 % lower cost compared to coal-based hydrogen production with carbon capture and storage (CCS) and 25 %-50 % lower cost compared to bioenergy to hydrogen, which demonstrates the system's economic competitiveness. The precise modeling of water-power-hydrogen characteristics and topologies can reduce LCOH by 0.35 $/kg and 0.01 $/kg, respectively. Sensitivity analysis highlights the trade-offs between investment in transmission and storage due to operational volatility, with an optimal hydrogen flow rate volatility of 80 % minimizing the total LCOH. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Hydro energy

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A Switched Neural Process for Long-Term Postprandial Glucose Trajectory Prediction Based on Insulin Sensitivity Estimation

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IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 2025年 74卷

作者： Chen, Jing Shi, Dawei Cai, Deheng Liu, Wei Ji, Linong Shi, Ling Beijing Institute of Technology MIIT Key Laboratory of Servo Motion System Drive and Control School of Automation Beijing100081 China Peking University People’s Hospital Department of Endocrine and Metabolism Beijing100044 China Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering Kowloon Hong Kong

Advanced sensing technology has enabled the real-time monitoring of blood glucose (BG), making it possible to explore the BG prediction problem based on continuous observations. In this work, we propose a novel switched neural process (SNP) approach for long-term postprandial BG prediction, which has the probabilistic inference ability conditioned on preprandial BG measurements. Distinct representative neural process (NP) models are constructed to capture the nonlinear BG dynamics based on a designed indicator. This indicator is developed to estimate insulin sensitivity (IS) at meal time by using physiological models, in which the effect of preprandial BG variation on IS estimation is evaluated. Besides, a robust model switching mechanism is designed to determine the appropriate NP model for prediction. The effectiveness of the proposed method is illustrated through the comparative results by using both the in silico data from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-accepted UVA/Padova type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) simulator and the clinical data from 47 T1DM subjects. The obtained results indicate that the proposed method outperforms existing methods, especially for 3- and 4-h prediction, which shows promising potential in predicting postprandial BG levels. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Glucose

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Selection for Schottky Barrier Diodes with Various On-Resistance in Full-SiC Voltage Source Converters

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IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 2025年

作者： Chen, Yuzhi Li, Chi Liu, Jianwei Wu, Yifan Liu, Zicheng Zheng, Zedong Tsinghua University State Key Laboratory of Power System Operation and Control Department of Electrical Engineering Beijing 100084 China Huazhong University of Science and Technology State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Wuhan 430074 China

In Silicon Carbide based voltage source converters (VSCs), pairing Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) presents trade-offs. While SBDs reduce the freewheeling loss and mitigate the adverse effects of bipolar conduction, their junction capacitance also contributes to increased switching loss. This paper proposes a systematic selection strategy for SBDs aimed at enhancing converter efficiency, using on-resistance as the design variable. A three-phase VSC with 1.2 kV MOSFETs and four sets of 1.2 kV SBDs is demonstrated as the case study. The static and switching characteristics for MOSFET/SBD pair are measured and analyzed over a wide temperature range. VSC efficiency is evaluated in both inverter and rectifier modes under different operating conditions. It appears that VSC using SBDs with 126% of the MOSFETs' resistance exhibits an overall superior performance. A 4 kW full-SiC VSC prototype is developed to validate the proposed selection strategy. Compared to other SBDs, using the recommended selection enhances VSC efficiency by up to 2% (± 0.5%) under light loads while maintaining high performance under medium and heavy loads. Compared to freewheeling by the body diode, using the recommended selection enhances VSC efficiency by an average of 0.4% (± 0.1%) across nearly the entire load range. © 1972-2012 IEEE.

关键词： efficiency on-resistance Schottky barrier diodes selection strategy SiC MOSFETs voltage source converter

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Erratum to:A mechanical reinforced and antifreezing polyacrylate hydrogel electrolyte for high-performance zinc-ion batteries

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Nano Research 2025年第4期18卷 658-658页

作者： Zili Zhang Ruolin Wang Hongfei Lu Di Zhang Yu Zhao Jing Xu Bin Sun Zhi-Min Dang Yang Jin School of Electrical and Information Engineering Zheng Zhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China State Key Laboratory of Power System Operation and Control Department of Electrical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Erratum to:Nano Research,2025,18(1):***://***/10.26599/*** was an error in the second affiliation of the author“Zhi-Min Dang”in the published *** the online version of this paper is corrected.

关键词： electrolyte antifreezing zinc ion batteries mechanical reinforcement polyacrylate hydrogel

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Data-Driven Learning and control with Event-Triggered Measurements

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IEEE Transactions on Automatic control 2025年

作者： Feng, Shilun Shi, Dawei Chen, Tongwen Shi, Ling Beijing Institute of Technology State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Decision of Complex Systems MIIT Key Laboratory of Servo Motion System Drive and Control School of Automation Beijing100081 China University of Alberta Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering EdmontonABT6G 1H9 Canada Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong

Event-triggered control has attracted considerable attention for its effectiveness in resource-restricted applications. To make event-triggered control as an end-to-end solution, a key issue is how to effectively learn unknown system dynamics from event-triggered measurements and consequently, develop a learning-based event-triggered controller. Existing works learn system dynamics based on periodic time-triggered measurements, and it is yet to know how to learn a controller with performance guarantee based on event-triggered measurements. To address this issue, we consider the problem of learning an event-triggered state feedback controller for an unknown linear system based on event-triggered state measurements in this work. In particular, we first analyze the event-triggered measurements within a set-membership framework. We prove that the estimation error belongs to a bounded ellipsoid determined by the historical measurements and the event-triggering condition. Subsequently, we demonstrate that all admissible systems compatible with the collected data samples can be explicitly represented in the form of quadratic matrix inequalities using the state estimates. With the acquired set of admissible systems, a co-design problem for the data-driven controller and event-triggering condition is solved using the linear matrix inequality technique, with guaranteed closed-loop stability and L2-gain performance. Finally, numerical examples and comparisons are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed event-triggered learning and control approach. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Networked control systems

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A Stackelberg Game Approach for Signal Temporal Logic control Synthesis with Uncontrollable Agents

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Cui, Bohan Yu, Xinyi Giua, Alessandro Yin, Xiang Department of Automation Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China Thomas Lord Department of Computer Science University of Southern California Los AngelesCA90089 United States Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of Cagliari Cagliari09123 Italy

In this paper, we investigate the control synthesis problem for Signal Temporal Logic (STL) specifications in the presence of uncontrollable agents. Existing works mainly address this problem in a robust control setting by assuming the uncontrollable agents are adversarial and accounting for the worst-case scenario. While this approach ensures safety, it can be overly conservative in scenarios where uncontrollable agents have their own objectives that are not entirely opposed to the system’s goals. Motivated by this limitation, we propose a new framework for STL control synthesis within the Stackelberg game setting. Specifically, we assume that the system controller, acting as the leader, first commits to a plan, after which the uncontrollable agents, acting as followers, take a best response based on the committed plan and their own objectives. Our goal is to synthesize a control sequence for the leader such that, for any rational followers producing a best response, the leader’s STL task is guaranteed to be satisfied. We present an effective solution to this problem by transforming it into a single-stage optimization problem and leveraging counterexample guided synthesis techniques. We demonstrate that the proposed approach is sound and identify conditions under which it is optimal. Simulation results are also provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： control system synthesis

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Reduced-Order Consensus Protocols with Pure Relative Output: Design, Existence, and Dual Results

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IEEE Transactions on Automatic control 2025年

作者： Ma, Yuwen Li, Xianwei Li, Shaoyuan Lin, Zongli Shanghai Jiao Tong University Department of Automation Shanghai200240 China State Key Laboratory of Submarine Geoscience China Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing Ministry of Education of China Shanghai200240 China University of Virginia Charles L. Brown Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering CharlottesvilleVA22904 United States

This paper studies reduced-order dynamic consensus protocols for homogeneous linear multi-agent systems using pure relative output information. By applying H∞ control theory, a separation principle-like method with an additional small-gain constraint is proposed for designing an (nx-nu)th order protocol, where nx and nu are the numbers of states and inputs of each agent, respectively. Existence conditions for the protocol are then systematically discussed from the graph, low gain and high gain perspectives, respectively. It is revealed that the protocol always exists and can be found by the proposed design method for three cases: 1) directed acyclic networks, 2) agents with all eigenvalues in the closed left-half complex plane and 3) agents of minimum phase. Another reduced-order protocol of (nx - ny)th order is further discussed through duality. Finally, a numerical example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Robust control

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Robust Phase Retrieval from Quantized and Noisy Measurements

Robust Phase Retrieval from Quantized and Noisy Measurements

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Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing Workshops (ICASSPW), IEEE International Conference on

作者： Yihong Gao Luteng Zhu Zhuoyang An Mingjie Shao Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China School of Information Science and Engineering Shandong University Qingdao China Computer School Beijing Information Science and Technology University Beijing China Key Laboratory of System and Control AMSS Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

ISBN: (数字)9798331519315

ISBN: (纸本)9798331519322

The phase retrieval (PR) problem involves recovering a signal from amplitude-only measurements and has been extensively studied in various physical measurement and signal processing systems. Recently, there has been increasing interest in the quantized phase retrieval (QPR) problem, where the observed amplitude is quantized to binary values. The existing studies have focused on the noiseless case. In this paper, we address a robust QPR problem that accounts for both quantization and noise. We formulate the robust QPR problem using maximum-likelihood estimation (MLE), which results in a non-convex and challenging optimization problem due to the complexity of its likelihood function. To obtain a high-quality solution, we develop an expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm combined with the Wirtinger flow, allowing us to convert the problem into a more manageable form at each iteration. Our method is implemented on both randomly generated synthetic data and image reconstruction tasks. The results demonstrate that our approach significantly enhances signal recovery performance under the combined effects of quantization and noise. Additionally, the proposed method exhibits better runtime efficiency compared to existing approaches.

关键词： Maximum likelihood estimation Phase measurement Quantization (signal) Runtime Noise Signal processing algorithms Noise measurement Speech processing Optimization Synthetic data

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