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17th Text REtrieval Conference, TREC 2008

作者： Wu, H.C. Dang, K.F. Luk, R.W.P. Allan, J. Kwok, K.L. Wong, K.F. Ngai, G. Li, Y. Department of Computing The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong China Department of Computer Science University of Massachusetts United States Department of Computer Science City University of New York United States Department of Systems Engineering and Engineering Management The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China

This paper presents the results of our participation in the relevance feedback track using our novel retrieval models. These models simulate human relevance decision-making. For each document location of a query term, information from its document-context at that location determines the relevance decision outcomes there. The relevance values for all documents locations of all query terms in the same document are combined to form the final relevance value for that document. Two probabilistic models are developed, and one of them is directly related to the TF-IDF term weights. Our initial retrieval is a passage-based retrieval. Passage scores of the same document are combined by the Dombi fuzzy disjunction operator. Later, we found that the Markov random field (MRF) model produces better results than our initial retrieval system (without relevance information). If we apply our novel retrieval models using the initial retrieval list of the MRF model, the retrieval effectiveness of our models will be improved. These informal run results using the MRF model used in conjunction with our novel models are also presented.

关键词： Location

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A Stochastic Approximation Frame Algorithm with Adaptive Directions

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Numerical Mathematics(Theory,Methods and Applications) 2008年第4期1卷 460-474页

作者： Zi Xu Yu-Hong Dai Department of Mathematics College of Sciences Shanghai University Shang-hai 200444 PR. China. State Key Laboratory of Scientific and Engineering Computing Institute of Com-putational Mathematics and Scientific/Engineering Computing The Academy ofMathematics and Systems Science Chinese Academy of Sciences P.O.Box 2719Beijing 100190 P.R. China.

Stochastic approximation problem is to find some root or extremum of a nonlinear function for which only noisy measurements of the function are available. The classical algorithm for stochastic approximation problem is the Robbins-Monro （RM） algorithm, which uses the noisy evaluation of the negative gradient direction as the iterative direction. In order to accelerate the RM algorithm, this paper gives a flame algorithm using adaptive iterative directions. At each iteration, the new algorithm goes towards either the noisy evaluation of the negative gradient direction or some other directions under some switch criterions. Two feasible choices of the criterions are proposed and two corresponding frame algorithms are formed. Different choices of the directions under the same given switch criterion in the frame can also form different algorithms. We also proposed the simultanous perturbation difference forms for the two frame algorithms. The almost surely convergence of the new algorithms are all established. The numerical experiments show that the new algorithms are promising.

关键词： Stochastic approximation conjugate gradient adaptive directions.

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Collaborative creation of authentic examples with location for U-learning

Collaborative creation of authentic examples with location f...

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e-Learning 2008, MCCSIS'08 - IADIS Multi Conference on Computer science and Information systems

作者： Kuo, Yen-Hung Qing Tan, Kinshuk Huang, Yueh-Min Liu, Tzu-Chien Chang, Maiga Department of Engineering Science National Cheng Kung University Taiwan School of Computing and Information Systems Athabasca University Canada Graduate Institute of Learning and Instruction National Central University Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9789728924584

Giving examples to students or letting students give examples is important in ordinary instruction. However, it is difficult for teacher to provide work-out examples to students since the proper examples are depending on the contexts and varying with students' life experiences and knowledge. In order to deal with the limitation of ordinary classroom, the study develops a collaborative example-creation platform for students to generate, explain and share their own examples of learning concept by mobile devices. Additionally, the sources of the generated examples are derived from real world, that is, every example is authentic example and presents a specific instance of the theoretical concept. Through the creation and share of authentic examples, students can not only elaborate their existing concepts but also construct their concepts from single or multiple work-out examples. Except for the collaborative creation platform, we have also implemented a Learner Agent residing in students' cell phones for assisting students to create authentic examples. With the agent, a created authentic example is attached with its location information, which indicates where the authentic example happened, and other students can learn something form the example with location information or go to the location to experience the example if they are interested in that. It can help the students easily understand the learning concept. © 2008 IADIS.

关键词： Students

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A formal approach for translating a SAM architecture to PROMELA

A formal approach for translating a SAM architecture to PROM...

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20th International Conference on Software engineering and Knowledge engineering, SEKE 2008

作者： Argote-Garcia, Gonzalo Clarke, Peter J. He, Xudong Fu, Yujian Shi, Leyuan School of Computing and Information Sciences Florida International University United States Department of Computer Science Alabama A and M University United States Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering University of Wisconsin at Madison United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781627486620

Quality assurance is recognized as a critical aspect in software construction. SAM is a formal software architecture description model that combines Petri Nets and Temporal Logic. PROMELA is the language used in the Spin model checker. This paper presents an approach to translate a restricted SAM model to a PROMELA program, enabling the model checking of the SAM model. We define the translation and show its correctness in terms of completeness and consistency. Completeness establishes that a SAM model maps all of its elements to PROMELA ones;whereas, consistency defines that an execution of a SAM model has a corresponding execution in a PROMELA program. The translation is also implemented as part of our software tool supporting SAM. Some aspects of the tool are discussed.

关键词： Model checking

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Localization in wireless sensor networks using a mobile anchor node

Localization in wireless sensor networks using a mobile anch...

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2008 IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics, AIM 2008

作者： Hu, Zhen Gu, Dongbing Song, Zhengxun Li, Hongzuo School of Electronics and Information Engineering Changchun University of Science and Technology No. 7089 Weixing Road Changchun 130022 China Department of Computing and Electronic Systems University of Essex Colchester United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9781424424955

In wireless sensor networks (WSN), sensor location plays a critical role in many applications. Having a GPS receiver on every sensor node is costly. In the past, several approaches, including range-based and range-free, have been proposed to calculate positions for randomly deployed sensor nodes. Most of them use some special nodes, called anchor nodes, which are assumed to know their own locations. Other sensors compute their locations based on the information provided by these anchor nodes. This paper describes MACL, a mobile anchor centroid localization method, which uses a single mobile anchor node to move in the sensing field and broadcast its current position periodically. The proposed method is radiofrequency based, so no extra hardware or data communication is needed between the sensor nodes. We use simulations and tests from an indoor deployment using the Cricket location system to investigate the localization accuracy of MACL, and find that the localization method is principle simple, less computing and communication overhead, low costly, and flexible accuracy. © 2008 IEEE.

关键词： Sensor nodes

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Semantic Video Shot Segmentation Based on Color Ratio Feature and SVM

Semantic Video Shot Segmentation Based on Color Ratio Featur...

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2008 International Conference on Cyberworlds, CW 2008

作者： Zhenxing, Niu Xinbo, Gao Dacheng, Tao Xuelong, Li School of Electronic Engineering Xidian University Xi'an China Department of Computing Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong Hong Kong School of Computer Science and Information Systems Birkbeck University of London United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9780769533810

With the fast development of video semantic analysis, there has been increasing attention to the typical issue of the semantic analysis of soccer program. Based on the color feature analysis, this paper focuses on the video shot segmentation problem from the perspective of semantic analysis, i.e. the semantic shot segmentation. Most existing works segment and classify the shot by using the dominant color of the field in soccer video. In this paper, we extend the traditional dominant color to several semantic colors, and define the color ratio feature. Then, the support vector machine is used for shot classification. The experimental result shows that the color ratio feature is useful to improve the performance. Furthermore, considering the temporal variations in the semantic color due to environment, an adaptive semantic color extraction algorithm is proposed, and the influence of the number of semantic colors on classification precision is evaluated also. © 2008 IEEE.

关键词： Semantics

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Invariant image watermarking based on local feature regions

Invariant image watermarking based on local feature regions

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2008 International Conference on Cyberworlds, CW 2008

作者： Cheng, Deng Xinbo, Gao Xuelong, Li Dacheng, Tao School of Electronic Engineering Xidian University Xi'an China School of Computer Science and Information Systems Birkbeck University of London United Kingdom Department of Computing Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong Hong Kong

ISBN: (纸本)9780769533810

In this paper, a robust image watermarking approach is presented based on image local invariant features. The affine invariant point detector is used to extract feature regions of the given host image. Image normalization and dominant gradient orientation alignment are performed to these feature regions. Thereafter, circular watermark pattern are embedded in these image normalized patches. After the above procedures, full affine invariance can be achieved over these normalized patches. A large amount of experiments demonstrate that the proposed approach is robust against different attacks, such as common image processing, rotation, scaling, cropping, and several other geometric distortions. © 2008 IEEE.

关键词： Image watermarking

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Development of Context-Aware systems to Support Human-Human Communication and Collaboration

Development of Context-Aware Systems to Support Human-Human ...

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International Conference on Information Technology: New Generations (ITNG)

作者： Rahat Iqbal Kashif Iqbal Nazaraf Shah Jawed Siddiqui Anne James Department of Computer Science Computing and Engineering Coventry University UK School of Computer Science University of Science Malaysia Malaysia Department of Computing and Electronic Systems University of Essex UK Arts Computing Engineering and Sciences Sheffield Hallam University UK

The development of context-aware systems such as groupware or CSCW and ubiquitous systems require a significant understanding of specific tasks that the users will perform seamlessly in their everyday work. In order to do this, we need to understand the users' tasks and their knowledge to perform these tasks, and build a computational model reflecting upon users' tasks and their knowledge. Most importantly, such systems need to be socially appropriate so that they can support human- human communication in an implicit and unobtrusive way, by constantly monitoring humans, their activities and their intentions. The traditional methods of requirements capture are not suitable to design and develop such systems. In this paper, we discuss different models and theories that can help to gather requirements. Most importantly, a simulation can play an important role in the requirements engineering processes of such systems.

关键词： Context Computer science Humans Face detection Collaborative work Pervasive computing Resource management Information technology International collaboration Art

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A question answering system based on VerbNet frames

A question answering system based on VerbNet frames

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2008 International Conference on Natural Language Processing and Knowledge engineering, NLP-KE 2008

作者： Wen, Dunwei Jiang, Shen He, Yangjian School of Computing and Information Systems Athabasca University Athabasca AB T9S 3A3 Canada Department of Computing Science University of Alberta Edmonton AB T6G 2R3 Canada School of Information Science and Engineering Central South University Changsha 410083 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781424427802

The precision of the answer is now essential for a question answering system, because of the large amount of free texts on the Internet. Attempting to achieve a high precision, we propose a question answering system supported by case grammar theory and based on VerbNet frames. It extracts the syntactic, thematic and semantic information from the question to filter out unmatched sentences in semantic level and to extract answer chunk (a phrase or a word that can answer the question) from the answer sentence. VerbNet is applied in our system to detect the verb frames in question and candidate sentences, so that the syntactic and thematic information as well as semantic information can be therefore obtained. Our question answering system works well especially for answering factoid questions. The experiments show that our approach is able to filter out semantically unmatched sentences effectively and therefore rank the correct answer (s) higher in the result list.

关键词： Semantics

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Rescheduling co-allocation requests based on flexible advance reservations and processor remapping

Rescheduling co-allocation requests based on flexible advanc...

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International Workshop on Grid computing

作者： Marco A. S. Netto Rajkumar Buyya Grid Computing and Distributed Systems Laboratory Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering University of Melbourne Australia

Large-scale computing environments, such as TeraGrid, Distributed ASCI Supercomputer (DAS), and Gridpsila5000, have been using resource co-allocation to execute applications on multiple sites. Their schedulers work with requests that contain imprecise estimations provided by users. This lack of accuracy generates fragments inside the scheduling queues that can be filled by rescheduling both local and multi-site requests. Current resource co-allocation solutions rely on advance reservations to ensure that users can access all the resources at the same time. These coallocation requests cannot be rescheduled if they are based on rigid advance reservations. In this work, we investigate the impact of rescheduling co-allocation requests based on flexible advance reservations and processor remapping. The metascheduler can modify the start time of each job component and remap the number of processors they use in each site. The experimental results show that local jobs may not fill all the fragments in the scheduling queues and hence rescheduling co-allocation requests reduces response time of both local and multi-site jobs. Moreover, we have observed in some scenarios that processor remapping increases the chances of placing the tasks of multi-site jobs into a single cluster, thus eliminating the inter-cluster network overhead.

关键词： Time factors Estimation Runtime Schedules Resource management Processor scheduling Supercomputers

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