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arXiv 2024年

作者： Liu, Bingqian Wen, Guanghui Fang, Xiao Huang, Tingwen Chen, Guanrong Laboratory of Security Operation and Control for Intelligent Autonomous Systems Department of Systems Science School of Mathematics Southeast University Nanjing211189 China Science Program Texas A&M University at Qatar Doha Qatar Department of Electrical Engineering City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong

This paper addresses the problem of distributed online generalized Nash equilibrium (GNE) learning for multicluster games with delayed feedback information. Specifically, each agent in the game is assumed to be informed a sequence of local cost functions and constraint functions, which are known to the agent with time-varying delays subsequent to decision-making at each round. The objective of each agent within a cluster is to collaboratively optimize the cluster's cost function, subject to time-varying coupled inequality constraints and local feasible set constraints over time. Additionally, it is assumed that each agent is required to estimate the decisions of all other agents through interactions with its neighbors, rather than directly accessing the decisions of all agents, i.e., each agent needs to make decision under partial-decision information. To solve such a challenging problem, a novel distributed online delay-tolerant GNE learning algorithm is developed based upon the primaldual algorithm with an aggregation gradient mechanism. The system-wise regret and the constraint violation are formulated to measure the performance of the algorithm, demonstrating sublinear growth with respect to time under certain conditions. Finally, numerical results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Learning algorithms

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Delayed muscle fatigue during electrical stimulation of the proximal nerve using asymmetric random high-frequency carrier pulse cluster

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Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation 2025年第1期22卷 125页

作者： Rui Yuan Yang Zheng Henry Shin Guanghua Xu Shengnuo Fan Zhanhong Du Institute of Engineering and Medicine Interdisciplinary Studies State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering School of Mechanical Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an People's Republic of China. Institute of Engineering and Medicine Interdisciplinary Studies State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering School of Mechanical Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an People's Republic of China. yzheng@***. School of Rehabilitation Sciences and Engineering University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Qingdao People's Republic of China. henryhongsukshin@***. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou People's Republic of China. Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT) CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Shenzhen People's Republic of China. Faculty of Life and Health Sciences Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University Shenzhen 518055 People's Republic of China.

BACKGROUND:Transcutaneous peripheral nerve electrical stimulation using high-frequency pulse clusters has been shown to relieve muscle fatigue, though its efficacy remains limited. Furthermore, this approach tends to exacerbate pain during stimulation, which constrains its clinical applications. This paper proposed a novel stimulation waveform to reduce muscle fatigue and the discomfort associated with high-frequency electrical stimulation, and compares it with previously reported high-frequency pulsed cluster stimulation. METHODS:We evaluated our waveform experimentally and through model simulations. During the experiment, two distinct high-frequency narrow pulse clusters were applied to the proximal segment of the median/ulnar nerve bundles: asymmetric random (aSymR) and previously reported symmetric (Sym) stimulation, both with a carrier frequency of 10 kHz. The two stimulation modes aimed to elicit the same contraction level and were maintained for 5 min to induce muscle fatigue. Finger force, high-density electromyographic (EMG) signals of the flexor muscles and the pain score were recorded. In addition, we developed a finite element model of the upper arm and a motor fiber model to simulate motor axon activation of the peripheral nerve induced by the two electrical stimulation modes. RESULTS:Compared with the Sym stimulation, the aSymR stimulation resulted in less pain and a significant reduction of muscle fatigue rate, which was characterized by slower force decay rate, less absolute force decay, greater plateau force, and ultimately greater force output. In addition, the simulation results showed that the delay for different fibers to reach the threshold was increased by the aSymR mode. Consistent with this, the experiment study showed that the EMG amplitude under the aSymR stimulation condition was smaller before fatigue onset, indicating the less synchronized activation of different muscle fibers. CONCLUSIONS:Compared with the Sym stimulation, the aSymR st

关键词： Asynchronous axon activation Kilohertz stimulation Muscle fatigue Transcutaneous nerve electrical stimulation

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Beyond Distribution Shift: Spurious Features Through the Lens of Training Dynamics

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Murali, Nihal Puli, Aahlad Yu, Ke Ranganath, Rajesh Batmanghelich, Kayhan Intelligent Systems Program University of Pittsburgh United States Department of Computer Science New York University United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Boston University United States

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are prone to learning spurious features that correlate with the label during training but are irrelevant to the learning problem. This hurts model generalization and poses problems when deploying them in safety-critical applications. This paper aims to better understand the effects of spurious features through the lens of the learning dynamics of the internal neurons during the training process. We make the following observations: (1) While previous works highlight the harmful effects of spurious features on the generalization ability of DNNs, we emphasize that not all spurious features are harmful. Spurious features can be "benign" or "harmful" depending on whether they are "harder" or "easier" to learn than the core features for a given model. This definition is model and dataset dependent. (2) We build upon this premise and use instance difficulty methods (like Prediction Depth (Baldock et al., 2021)) to quantify "easiness" for a given model and to identify this behavior during the training phase. (3) We empirically show that the harmful spurious features can be detected by observing the learning dynamics of the DNN’s early layers. In other words, easy features learned by the initial layers of a DNN early during the training can (potentially) hurt model generalization. We verify our claims on medical and vision datasets, both simulated and real, and justify the empirical success of our hypothesis by showing the theoretical connections between Prediction Depth and information-theoretic concepts like V-usable information (Ethayarajh et al., 2021). Lastly, our experiments show that monitoring only accuracy during training (as is common in machine learning pipelines) is insufficient to detect spurious features. We, therefore, highlight the need for monitoring early training dynamics using suitable instance difficulty metrics. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Deep neural networks

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Improving Land Cover Segmentation Using Multispectral Dataset 8

Improving Land Cover Segmentation Using Multispectral Datase...

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8th International Conference on Informatics and Computing, ICIC 2023

作者： Herlawati, Herlawati Handayanto, Rahmadya Trias Heryadi, Yaya Abdurachman, Edi Soeparno, Haryono Irwansyah, Edy Miranda, Eka Informatics Universitas Bhayangkara Jakarta Raya Jakarta Indonesia Universitas Islam 45 Computer Engineering Bekasi Indonesia BINUS Graduate Program - Doctor of Computer Science Bina Nusantara University Computer Science Department Jakarta11480 Indonesia Trisakti Institute of Transportation and Logistic Jakarta13410 Indonesia Bina Nusantara University School of Computer Science Computer Science Department Jakarta11480 Indonesia Bina Nusantara University School of Information Systems Information Systems Department Jakarta11480 Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350342604

Computer vision has been used in many areas such as medical, transportation, military, geography, etc. The fast development of sensor devices inside camera and satellite provides not only red-greed-blue (RGB) images but also multispectral dataset with some channels including RGB, infrared, short-wave, and thermal wave. Most of the dataset is panchromatic (black and white) and RGB, for example Google Map and other satellite-based map applications. This study examines the effects of multispectral dataset for semantic segmentation of land cover. The comparison between RGB with band 2 to band 7 of Landsat 8 Satellite shows an improvement of accuracy from 90.283 to 94.473 for U-Net and from 91.76 to 95.183 for DeepLabV3+. In addition, this research also compares two well-known semantic segmentation methods, namely U-Net and DeepLabV3+, that shown that DeepLabV3+ outperformed U-Net regarding to speed and accuracy. Testing was conducted in the Karawang Regency area, West Java, Indonesia. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Landsat

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End-to-End Reinforcement Learning for Torque Based Variable Height Hopping

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Soni, Raghav Harnack, Daniel Isermann, Hauke Fushimi, Sotaro Kumar, Shivesh Kirchner, Frank Department of Electronics Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Banaras Hindu University Varanasi India DFKI GmbH Robotics Innovation Center Bremen Germany Undergraduate Course Program of Mechanical and Systems Engineering Kyoto University Kyoto Japan

Legged locomotion is arguably the most suited and versatile mode to deal with natural or unstructured terrains. Intensive research into dynamic walking and running controllers has recently yielded great advances, both in the optimal control and reinforcement learning (RL) literature. Hopping is a challenging dynamic task involving a flight phase and has the potential to increase the traversability of legged robots. Model based control for hopping typically relies on accurate detection of different jump phases, such as lift-off or touch down, and using different controllers for each phase. In this paper, we present a end-to-end RL based torque controller that learns to implicitly detect the relevant jump phases, removing the need to provide manual heuristics for state detection. We also extend a method for simulation to reality transfer of the learned controller to contact rich dynamic tasks, resulting in successful deployment on the robot after training without parameter tuning. © 2023, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Reinforcement learning

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Effects of Incident Angle on Single-Event Leakage Current Degradation in Heavy-Ion Irradiated 1800 v and 4500 v SiC Power MOSFETs

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IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 2025年

作者： Sengupta, A. Martinella, C. Ball, D.R. Niskanen, K. Senarath, A.S. Islam, S. Harris, P.M. Hutson, J.M. Osheroff, J.M. Sternberg, A.L. Kettunen, H. Kosier, S.L. Grossner, U. Javanainen, A. Galloway, K.F. Schrimpf, R.D. Witulski, A.F. Zürich8092 Switzerland Vanderbilt University Interdisciplinary Materials Science Program NashvilleTN37235 United States Lipscomb University Electrical and Computer Engineering Department NashvilleTN37204 United States NASA/GSFC Code 561.4 GreenbeltMD20771 United States Vanderbilt University Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department B 351825 NashvilleTN37235 United States University of Jyväskylä Department of Physics Jyväskylä40014 Finland

Experimental heavy-ion responses of two variants of SiC power MOSFETs are evaluated. The devices have similar epitaxial thickness but different doping. The higher doping in the epitaxial region results in lower breakdown voltage, and typically leads to a lower threshold drain voltage at which single-event leakage current (SELC) occurs. Furthermore, the heavy-ion-induced SELC degradation in the drain and gate currents of the SiC MOSFETs exhibit a strong dependence on the heavy-ion's angle of incidence. The devices' behavior significantly alters when irradiated with heavy-ions at different incident angles under the same fixed bias and total fluence, as also confirmed by 3-D Technology Computer Aided Design (TCAD) simulations. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Power MOSFET

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VR-Based Implicit Authentication Using Electromyogram and Inertial Measurement Unit

VR-Based Implicit Authentication Using Electromyogram and In...

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International Conference on Cyberworlds

作者： Da-Young Yu Hyung-Tak Lee Youngsam Kim Jong-Hyuk Roh Soohyung Kim Jeonghun Ku Han-Jeong Hwang Dept. Electronics and Information Engineering Interdisciplinary Graduate Program for Artificial Intelligence Smart Convergence Technology Korea University Sejong Republic of Korea Dept. Electronics and Information Engineering Korea University Sejong Republic of Korea Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI) Daejeon Republic of Korea Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Medicine Keimyung University Daegu Republic of Korea

ISBN: (数字)9798331527174

ISBN: (纸本)9798331527181

Biometrics based on electromyogram (EMG) and inertial measurement unit (IMU) signals has received significant attention due to its resistance to forgery and tampering, as well as its relatively higher convenience and security compared to other biometric modalities. However, most EMG and IMU signal-based authentication methods require explicit authentication using unnatural gestures, which is not userfriendly. To address this, we collected EMG and IMU data during virtual reality (VR) rhythm game play, which does not require explicit gestures, and performed implicit authentication. Using a linear discriminant analysis (LDA) classifier, we achieved classification accuracies of 91.71% for human identification and 87.91% for human authentication. The result demonstrated the feasibility of a seamless and implicit authentication in VR environments.

关键词： Biometrics Solid modeling Measurement units Accuracy Authentication Inertial navigation Games Virtual reality Rhythm Electromyography

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Analysis of the Brazilian Climate Data Influence on Soybean Pricing by Using Long Short-Term Memory Models

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Oliva, Jefferson Tales Martelli, Otávio Pigozzo de Castro Barbosa, Marco Antônio Dal Molin, Viviane Casanova, Dalcimar Teixeira, Marcelo Graduate Program in Electrical and Computer Engineering Federal University of Technology-Paraná PR Pato Branco85503-390 Brazil Department of Academic Informatics Federal University of Technology-Paraná PR Pato Branco85503-390 Brazil Graduate Program in Production and Systems Engineering Federal University of Technology-Paraná PR Pato Branco85503-390 Brazil

This work uses machine learning to verify whether the Brazilian climate influences international soybean price prediction. For this, climatic data, dollar quotes, inflation, and annual soybean production were collected from different data sources. Then, the collected data were pre-processed and grouped by Brazilian state. Afterward, data from the five most productive Brazilian states are chosen, such as Mato Grosso (MT), Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), Goiás (GO), Paraná (PR), and Rio Grande do Sul (RS). Afterward, predictive models are built using the long short-term memory (LSTM) method, which is applied in each chosen state dataset considering two different settings: with and without climatic data. Thus, two models were built for each Brazilian state, totaling ten predictors. In the experimental evaluation, when trained with climatic data, the PR model achieved the lowest values of root mean squared error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE). Regarding predictors trained without climate data, the RS and PR obtained the lowest values of RMSE and MAE, respectively. After conducting statistical hypothesis tests, no significant difference was found among models, stating, with 95% certainty, that, in this study, the Brazilian climatic data did not influence the model performance for predicting soybean prices. On the other hand, one of the main contributions of work is conducting an unprecedented study about soybean price prediction using Brazilian climatic data. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Long short-term memory

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A Data-Driven Approach Towards Software Regression Testing Quality Optimization

A Data-Driven Approach Towards Software Regression Testing Q...

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Information Technology (ACIT)

作者： Abdallah Moubayed Nouh Alhindawi Jamal Alsakran MohammadNoor Injadat Mohammad Kanan Computer Engineering Department and Interdisciplinary Research Center for Intelligent Secure Systems King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals Dhahran Saudi Arabia School of Computing and Augmented Intelligence Arizona State University Gilbert Arizona USA Department of Software Engineering Jadara University Irbid Jordan Fairleigh Dickinson University Canada Data Science & Artificial Intelligence Department Zarqa University Zarqa Jordan Department of Industrial Engineering University of Business and Technology Jeddah Saudi Arabia

ISBN: (数字)9798331540012

ISBN: (纸本)9798331540029

Software testing is very important in software development to ensure its quality and reliability. As software systems have become more complex, the number of test cases has increased, which presents the challenge of executing all the tests in a limited time frame. Various test case prioritization techniques have been introduced to solve this problem. These methods aim to identify and implement the most critical tests first. In this paper, we propose an implementation of a dynamic test case prioritization strategy to improve software quality by increasing code coverage with special attention to edge case handling. Edge case test prioritization is a technique that improves test efficiency by selecting extreme case scenarios that can reveal critical bugs or unexpected behavior early in development, improving overall software reliability and dependability. In order to prioritize test cases, this paper presents a regression-based method that makes use of machine learning algorithms. The approach leverages previous performance data to optimize regression testing efficiency by examining variables like test time and execution status. Performance evaluations, when compared against industry standards and cutting-edge techniques, show how effective these algorithms are at correctly prioritizing test cases and identifying faults. This study offers simplified yet reliable solutions for regression testing optimization by shedding light on the efficacy of regression algorithms, such as Random Forest and decision trees.

关键词： Software testing Machine learning algorithms Software algorithms Software quality Software systems Software reliability Regression tree analysis Optimization Standards Software development management

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Using LSTM and Regression Analysis for Railway Passenger Traffic Volume Prediction 11

Using LSTM and Regression Analysis for Railway Passenger Tra...

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11th IEEE Global Conference on Consumer Electronics, GCCE 2022

作者： Tey, Fu Jie Tuan, Chih-Chi Cai, Cheng-En Wu, Ming-Xuan Wu, Yun-Sheng Wu, Tin-Yu National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Department of Electrical Engineering Taipei Taiwan National Ilan University Master Program of E-Learning for Multimedia and Network Communications Yilan Taiwan National Pingtung University of Science and Technology Department of Management Information Systems Pingtung County Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9781665492324

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the factors affecting the passenger traffic volume on the high-capacity MRT, to analyze the traffic volume trends, and to make traffic volume predictions more accurately. This paper uses the LSTM (Long Short-term Memory) model and regression analysis for Taipei MRT passenger traffic volume prediction. The training data, including dates, temperatures and number of passengers, were collected, and a regression analysis was performed to find trends in the data. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Long short-term memory

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