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Blockchain-based Edge Computing Service with Dynamic Entry and Exit Mechanism

IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 2025年

作者： He, Qiang Feng, Zheng Fang, Hui Wang, Xingwei Zhao, Liang Yu, Keping Choo, Kim-Kwang Raymond Northeastern University College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering China Shanghai University of Finance and Economics Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science School of Information Management and Engineering China Northeastern University College of Computer Science and Engineering Shenyang110169 China Shenyang Aerospace University College of Computer Science and Engineering Shenyang110136 China Hosei University Graduate School of Science and Engineering Tokyo184-8584 Japan University of Texas at San Antonio Department of Information Systems and Cyber Security San AntonioTX78249 United States

With the widespread application of 5G and artificial intelligence (AI) technology, the Internet of Things (IoT) has been expanding and integrated into various aspects of our daily lives. However, this also poses challenges such as the ubiquitous demand for communication and computing resources, and data privacy issues. Considering its flexible deployment, high security, and ease of scalability, blockchain-enabled edge computing IoT network (BECIN) has become a promising solution to provide secure and fast communication and computing services. However, existing research on computation offloading in edge computing largely overlooks the stochastic arrival of computational tasks and the potential variability in the number, locations, and resource provisions of edge computing service providers. Therefore, we propose a dynamic, self-adjusting BECIN framework aimed at providing long-term stable, efficient, and secure edge computing data offloading services for ground users in a specific region. This framework supports the dynamic entry and exit of edge computing service providers. Additionally, we introduce a novel dynamic Dueling DDQN approach to update the offloading and resource management policies based on changes in resource provisioning. Experimental results demonstrate the feasibility and superior performance of our framework on system cost and system latency. © 2002-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Reinforcement learning

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A physical picture of liquid–liquid phase separation of proteins

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Journal of Molecular Liquids 2025年 424卷

作者： Kinoshita, Masahiro Hayashi, Tomohiko Nakamura, Yuka Yoshimori, Akira Katahira, Masato Nagata, Takashi Department of Chemistry of Science Chiba University 1-33 Yayoi-cho Inage Chiba263-8522 Japan Institute of Advanced Energy Kyoto University Kyoto Uji611-0011 Japan Interdisciplinary Program of Biomedical Engineering Assistive Technology and Art and Sports Sciences Faculty of Engineering Niigata University 8050 Ikarashi 2-no-cho Nishi-ku Niigata950-2181 Japan Department of Physics Niigata University Niigata950-2181 Japan

Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of proteins, by which they assemble and partition into a protein-dense phase and a protein-dilute phase, has caught much attention due to its essential roles in a variety of biological processes. Nevertheless, its mechanism remains to be unveiled. Here we develop a physical picture covering almost all the aspects of LLPSs of diverse systems. In our view, when only the proteins are looked at, one of the two phases is liquid-like and the other is gas-like. We relate LLPS to gas–liquid phase separation (GLPS) of simple fluids wherein the pivotal quantity is kBT (kB is the Boltzmann constant and T is the absolute temperature) divided by the absolute value of the minimum of interaction potential between fluid particles. GLPS occurs only if the pivotal quantity is sufficiently small. For LLPS, the interaction potential must be replaced by the potential of mean force (PMF) between protein molecules in aqueous solution. We do not explicitly consider aqueous solution, and its influence on properties of protein molecules is incorporated in PMF. PMF can reach its deep minimum when the two protein molecules associate. A physical interpretation is given for GLPS from a statistical-mechanics point of view, and it is extended to LLPS. In the extension, we discuss not only the similarities between the two phase separations but also the physical factors to be taken into account only in LLPS due to the fact that proteins are large molecules possessing polyatomic structures and they are immersed in aqueous solution. LLPS can be categorized as a biological self-assembly process. By reconsidering the results obtained in our earlier studies on biological self-assembly processes, we specify the entropic and energetic factors driving or opposing coacervation (association) of protein molecules followed by LLPS. We clarify the differences between LLPSs of folded proteins (i.e., proteins in the native states) and intrinsically disordered proteins. There c

关键词： Alkali halides

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A Common-Ground Seven-Level Boosting Inverter (CG7LI) for Solar-PV Application

A Common-Ground Seven-Level Boosting Inverter (CG7LI) for So...

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Energy Technologies for Future Grids (ETFG), IEEE International Conference on

作者： Mohammad Ali Mohammad Zaid Adil Sarwar Atif Iqbal Md. Ismail Hossain Muhammad Khalid K.A.CARE-ERIC King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM) Dhahran Saudi Arabia Department of Electrical Engineering Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh India Department of Electrical Engineering Qatar University Doha Qatar Interdisciplinary Research Center for Renewable Energy and Power Systems KFUPM Dhahran Saudi Arabia Electrical Engineering Department KFUPM Dhahran Saudi Arabia

In this work, a new seven-level inverter architecture for common-ground single-phase photovoltaic (PV) systems with boosting capability is proposed. The size of the passive elements and the number of power components have been reduced in the suggested inverter. For it to function properly, fourteen switches and three capacitors are needed. The number of levels, switches, capacitors, and diodes in the inverter circuit, as well as boosting (step-up capability), common grounding capability (CG), and leakage current value as useful parameters for evaluating inverter performance, are compared with recent multilevel inverter topologies in a comparative study. The proposed seven-level inverter was created in the PLECS environment for its validation.

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A Spin-Orbit Torque Switch at Ferromagnet/Antiferromagnet Interface Toward Stochastic or Memristive Applications via Tailoring Antiferromagnetic Ordering

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Advanced Electronic Materials 2023年第12期9卷

作者： Wang, Ssu-Yuan Chen, Sheng-Huai Chang, Hao-Kai Li, Yi-Ting Tseng, Chih-Hsiang Chen, Po-Chuan Yang, Chao-Yao Lai, Chih-Huang Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu300093 Taiwan Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu300044 Taiwan Undergraduate Degree Program of Systems Engineering and Technology National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu300093 Taiwan

Antiferromagnet (AFM) has currently participated in the spin-orbit torque (SOT) technology due to its great potential to be applied to the field-free SOT switching and to promote the thermal stability of MRAM. However, the effect of varying AFM ordering on the SOT switching and the associated properties is still not comprehensively understood. This work reports how an AFM ordering modifies the strength of Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya-interaction (DMI) in a heavy metal (Pt)/FM (Co)/AFM (IrMn) trilayer and its effects on SOT switching. Increasing the AFM ordering reflects the enhanced exchange bias through increasing IrMn thickness appears to significantly reduce the DMI strength of the trilayer. Controlling the IrMn thickness appears to serve as a unique switch to activate memristivity/stochasticity in the devices via tailoring AFM ordering on exchange bias: The strong AFM ordering via increasing IrMn thickness enables to increase the stability of multi-levels for SOT switching, which promotes the memristivity for neuromorphic application. On the contrary, the weak AFM ordering via reducing IrMn thickness will lead to significant stochasticity for the physically unclonable functionality. This work demonstrates an intrinsic tuning over the AFM ordering will serve as a switch to turn the SOT device into a stochastic/memristive cell to bridge probabilistic and neuromorphic computing. © 2023 The Authors. Advanced Electronic Materials published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.

关键词： Stochastic systems

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Alternative photothermal/electrothermal hierarchical membrane for hypersaline water treatment

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SusMat 2022年第6期2卷 679-688页

作者： Miao Wang Wen He Yuhui Hua Xinwen Xie Shiyan Chen Lei Zhou Yunmao Zhang Yaqi Hou Shihong Lin Haiping Xia Jing Zheng Xu Hou State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Department of ChemistryCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen UniversityXiamenChina College of Materials Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials ResearchJiujiang Research InstituteCollege of Physical Science and TechnologyXiamen UniversityXiamenChina Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis Department of ChemistrySouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenChina Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials(iChEM) Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA Interdisciplinary Material Science Program Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA Tan Kah Kee Innovation Laboratory Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education Department of ChemistryCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen UniversityXiamenChina

Over the last decades,the treatment of the large quantities of hypersaline wastewater generated by conventional industries,inland desalination,and fossil-fueled power plants has been an important economic issue and also an inescapable green ***,we developed a versatile interfacial heating membrane with alternating utilization of electricity or solar energy for hypersaline water *** hierarchical membrane functions both as a separation membrane and an interface heater,which can quickly(<0.1 s)convert electricity or solar energy into heat to evaporate the outermost layer of hypersaline *** 10wt% hyper-saline water,the freshwater production rate can reach 16.8kg/m^(2)⋅h by applying a voltage of 10 V and 1.36 kg/m^(2)⋅h under 1-sun ***,it exhibits high electrochemical resistance to corrosion and therefore remains stable tack-ling hypersaline water(>5 wt%),with a high salt rejection rate of 99.99%.This system shows an efficient desalination strategy that can provide fresh water from brines for agriculture and industry,and even for daily life.

关键词： carbon nanotubes electrothermal hypersaline water treatment interface evaporate pho-tothermal

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VRGrip: Developing a Grip Strength Training Platform Integrating a Wireless E-Textile Forearm Band with an Adaptive 3D VR Game Environment

VRGrip: Developing a Grip Strength Training Platform Integra...

引用

IEEE MIT Undergraduate Research Technology Conference (URTC)

作者： Lohith Chatragadda Aiden Fletcher Matthew J. Delmonico Kunal Mankodiya Dhaval Solanki Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program University of Rhode Island Kingston RI USA Department of Kinesiology University of Rhode Island Kingston RI USA Department of Electrical Computer and Biomedical Engineering University of Rhode Island Kingston RI USA

ISBN: (数字)9798350309652

ISBN: (纸本)9798350309669

Neurodegenerative disease is a growing global problem. Many of these diseases such as Parkinson's disease can cause grip strength weakness. In this work, we focused on developing an e-textile based EMG acquisition system interfaced with an adaptive VR game engine for detecting hand squeeze actions. We prototyped and performed preliminary tests on a grip detection system consisting of: 1) an e-textile forearm band (E-band), 2) a portable data acquisition module (DAM), and 3) an adaptive 3D VR game engine. Digital health solutions such as our VRGrip system widen the scope of in-home rehabilitation and assessment, and we aimed to make the first step in creating a system for grip strength rehabilitation. To validate our concept, we performed preliminary tests. These tests revealed that the Bluetooth communication protocol between DAM and the game engine was reliable, that the adaptive game engine successfully tailors the game's difficulty level to the user's performance, and that the system was reliable at detecting hand squeezes (F=0.96).

关键词： Wireless communication Training Adaptive systems Three-dimensional displays Protocols Dams Games

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Thermal-Hydraulic Performance Evaluation of Airside of Wavy Fin Compact Heat Exchangers Under Wet Conditions

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Ejaz, Faheem Qasem, Naef A.A. Zubair, Syed M. Mechanical Engineering Department King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals Dhahran31261 Saudi Arabia Aerospace Engineering Department King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals Dhahran31261 Saudi Arabia Dhahran31261 Saudi Arabia Interdisciplinary Research Center for Renewable Energy and Power Systems King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals Dhahran31261 Saudi Arabia

This study evaluated the thermal-hydraulic performance of the airside of wavy-fin compact heat exchangers under wet conditions. Twenty configurations of wavy-finned geometries were evaluated, including 16 from the literature, and four were newly introduced. By examining the impact of condensation on thermal-hydraulic performance, this research offered a deeper understanding of heat transfer behavior in wet environments. A computational fluid dynamic (CFD) and volume of fluid (VOF) multiphase model were implemented to investigate the thermal and condensation effects using ANSYS Fluent software. The results were validated against reported experimental data. Colburn "j" and Fanning friction coefficient "f" were the primary concerns regarding thermal and pumping power performance. Furthermore, performance metrics were evaluated based on whether the heat exchanger size or heat transfer efficiency was essential. The coupled effect of heat transfer performance and pumping power requirement was also included. The performance metrics covered the recommendation of best-performing wavy fins where compactness and pumping power play an important role. Based on these criteria, each criterion recommends a set of wavy-finned geometries. Generally, G12 showed the best heat transfer under fixed pumping power requirements. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Condensation

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Accelerating adaptive cubic regularization of Newton's method via random sampling

The Journal of Machine Learning Research

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The Journal of Machine Learning Research 2022年第1期23卷 3904-3941页

作者： Xi Chen Bo Jiang Tianyi Lin Shuzhong Zhang Stern School of Business New York University New York NY Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences School of Information Management and Engineering Shanghai University of Finance and Economics Shanghai China Department of Electrial Engineering and Computer Science University of California Berkeley Berkeley CA Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN

In this paper, we consider an unconstrained optimization model where the objective is a sum of a large number of possibly nonconvex functions, though overall the objective is assumed to be smooth and convex. Our bid to solving such model uses the framework of cubic regularization of Newton's method. As well known, the crux in cubic regularization is its utilization of the Hessian information, which may be computationally expensive for large-scale problems. To tackle this, we resort to approximating the Hessian matrix via subsampling. In particular, we propose to compute an approximated Hessian matrix by either uniformly or non-uniformly sub-sampling the components of the objective. Based upon such sampling strategy, we develop accelerated adaptive cubic regularization approaches and provide theoretical guarantees on global iteration complexity of O(ε1/3) with high probability, which matches that of the original accelerated cubic regularization methods Jiang et al. (2020) using the full Hessian information. Interestingly, we also show that in the worst case scenario our algorithm still achieves O(ε5/6) log(ε)) iteration complexity bound. The proof techniques are new to our knowledge and can be of independent interets. Experimental results on the regularized logistic regression problems demonstrate a clear effect of acceleration on several real data sets.

关键词： sum of nonconvex functions acceleration parameter-free adaptive algorithm cubic regularization Newton's method random sampling iteration complexity.

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Segmented readout for Cherenkov time-of-flight positron emission tomography detectors based on bismuth germanate

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2024年

作者： Yi, Minseok Lee, Daehee Gola, Alberto Merzi, Stefano Penna, Michele Lee, Jae Sung Cherry, Simon R. Kwon, Sun Il Department of Biomedical Engineering University of California Davis United States Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering College of Engineering Seoul National Graduate School Korea Republic of Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science Seoul National Graduate School Korea Republic of Fondazione Bruno Kessler Italy Brightonix Imaging Inc. Korea Republic of

Positron emission tomography (PET) is the most sensitive biomedical imaging modality for noninvasively detecting and visualizing positron-emitting radiopharmaceuticals within a subject. In PET, measuring the time-of-flight (TOF) information for each pair of 511-keV annihilation photons improves effective sensitivity but requires high timing resolution. Hybrid materials that emit both scintillation and Cherenkov photons, such as bismuth germanate (BGO), recently offer the potential for more precise timing information from Cherenkov photons while maintaining adequate energy resolution from scintillation photons. However, a significant challenge in using such hybrid materials for TOF PET applications lies in the event-dependent timing spread caused by the mixed detection of Cherenkov and scintillation photons due to relatively lower production of Cherenkov photons. This study introduces an innovative approach by segmenting silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) pixels coupled to a single crystal, rather than using traditional SiPMs that are as large as or larger than the crystals they read. We demonstrated that multiple time stamps and photon counts obtained from the segmented SiPM can classify events by providing temporal photon density, effectively addressing this challenge. The approach and findings would lead to new opportunities in applications that require precise timing and photon counting, spanning the fields of medical imaging, high-energy physics, and optical physics. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Photons

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Model Predictive Control of a Hybrid VA v for Parcel Delivery Applications 1

Model Predictive Control of a Hybrid VA v for Parcel Deliver...

引用

1st AIRPHARO Workshop on Aerial Robotic systems Physically Interacting with the Environment, AIRPHARO 2021

作者： Konyalioglu, Turan Alnipak, Sinan Altug, Erdinc İstanbul Technical University System Dynamics and Control Graduate Program İstanbul Technical University Autonomous Systems Research Laboratory Department of Mechanical Engineering İstanbul Turkey

ISBN: (纸本)9781665433891

Within the last decade, e-commerce has increased at an extraordinary level. The widespread use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (VAVs) in the logistics sector can reduce traffic density, improve delivery time, and can provide contactless delivery. This work proposes a new hybrid VAV, that combines the benefits of vertical take-off and land vehicle and a fixed-wing aircraft. It can carry multiple packages, which can decent automatically towards the recipients. This approach eliminates time-consuming landing maneuvers of the VA V for delivery. This work focuses on the design of the vehicle, and the challenges of the transitions from VTOL to aircraft modes and vice versa with a Model Predictive Controller. © 2021 IEEE.

关键词： Fixed wings

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