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Mechanistic modeling of copper corrosions in data center environments

Building Simulation 2024年第3期17卷 483-492页

作者： Rui Zhang Jianshun Zhang Roger Schmidt Jeremy L.Gilbert Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering College of Engineering and Computer ScienceSyracuse UniversitySyracuseNY13244USA Buildings and Transportation Science Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37830USA SyracuseCoE-New York Center of Excellence in Environmental and Energy Systems Syracuse University727 E.Washington StreetSyracuseNY13244USA Department of Bioengineering Clemson UniversityClemson-Medical University of South Carolina Bioengineering ProgramCharlestonSC29425USA

Air-side economizers are increasingly used to take advantage of“free-cooling”in data centers with the intent of reducing the carbon footprint of ***,they can introduce outdoor pollutants to indoor environment of data centers and cause corrosion damage to the information technology *** evaluate the reliability of information technology equipment under various thermal and air-pollution conditions,a mechanistic model based on multi-ion transport and chemical reactions was *** model was used to predict Cu corrosion caused by Cl_(2)-containing pollutant *** also accounted for the effects of temperature(25℃and 28℃),relative humidity(50%,75%,and 95%),and *** also identified higher air temperature as a corrosion barrier and higher relative humidity as a corrosion accelerator,which agreed well with the experimental *** average root mean square error of the prediction was 13.7Å.The model can be used to evaluate the thermal guideline for data centers design and operation when Cl_(2)is present based on pre-established acceptable risk of corrosion in data centers’environment.

关键词： chloride pollutant mixture copper corrosion model data center temperature relative humidity synergistic effect

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Spatiotemporally controlled emergence of nanoparticle microvortices under electric field

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Aggregate 2024年第2期5卷 290-300页

作者： Qi Pan Xijian Lin Shiyuan Wei Jinghong Su Hansen Zhao Xiaojie Duan Guoqing Hu Yan He Department of Chemistry Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology(Ministry of Education)Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Future TechnologyPeking UniversityBeijingChina Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Peking UniversityBeijingChina The State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics Institute of MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina School of Engineering Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Department of Engineering Mechanics State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic SystemsZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina

Controlled assembly of nanoparticles(NPs)has garnered much interest over the past two *** established techniques,new methods utilizing local short-range or large-scale long-range interactions remain to be explored to achieve diverse micro-and nanoscale ***,we report the controlled emergence of vortex-pair arrays within monodispersed gold nanorods by applying a direct current electric field across a pair of sawtooth *** employing in situ darkfield microscopy and particle collective analysis,we elucidate the mechanism behind the formation and stabilization of the NP vortices,attributing it to the combined effects of the electrode shape,high NP density,and high solution *** further explore the controllability of the vortex-pair arrays and obtain multiple complex vortice *** findings will facilitate the investigation of efficient and controlled dynamic assembly of NPs under external fields and help manufacture next-generation optoelectronic functional materials.

关键词： dynamic assembly electric field gold nanoparticles sawtooth electrodes vortex

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Homogenization Technique of Magnetostriction Calculation in Laminated Iron Core 26

Homogenization Technique of Magnetostriction Calculation in ...

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26th International Conference on Electrical Machines and systems, ICEMS 2023

作者： Gao, Yanhui Fujita, Hiroki Guan, Weimin Muramatsu, Kazuhiro Oita University Intelligent Mechanical Systems Program Oita Japan Wuhan University School of Electrical Engineering and Automation Wuhan China Saga University Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Saga Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9798350317589

Accurate displacement calculation in the laminated iron cores of electric machines is important for the accurate prediction of noise generation in the electric machines. The authors proposed a modeling method of displacements due to magnetostriction in the laminated iron core using a homogenization model with equivalent anisotropic magnetic and elastic parameters. The calculated displacements obtained from the homogenization model are compared with those of the real laminated iron core model, and the solid core model neglecting the laminated structure. The homogenization model shows good agreement with the real model. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Iron

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Enhancement and Optimization of the Propulsion System Modules of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Enhancement and Optimization of the Propulsion System Module...

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2024 Asia Conference on Electronic Technology, ACET 2024

作者： Shiau, Y.R. Fang, J. Huang, Y.C. Department of Industrial Engineering and Systems Management Feng Chia University No. 100 Wenhwa Rd. Seatwen Taichung Taiwan Department of Aerospace and Systems Engineering Feng Chia University No. 100 Wenhwa Rd. Seatwen Taichung Taiwan Ph.D. Program of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering Feng Chia University No. 100 Wenhwa Rd. Seatwen Taichung Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9781510681361

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are widely used in various industries. The present study focused on the optimization of the configuration of the vertical electric ducted fans (EDFs) of UAVs to enhance the vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) performance of UAVs, improve the configuration of their propulsion system, address the potential risk of exposed propellers, and reduce the space required between the fluid channel and the outlet in horizontal EDFs. A UAV aircraft module with a vertical EDF configuration was designed, following which structural analysis and flow field analysis were conducted using Ansys. The results of these analyses indicate that the overall flow of the designed module is smooth and stable without vortex generation and that the inlet and outlet air velocity performance of this module is excellent. The lift parameters of the rotor groups of the designed module are identical to each other;thus, the flight stability of the UAV in the air can be maintained, and the requirements for optimized design can be met. This study makes two contributions to the literature. First, the structural module of a vertical EDF propulsion system was proposed with an encapsulated impeller set hidden inside the vehicle structure to reduce the risk of propeller exposure. Second, the configuration of vertical EDF compared to the horizontal configuration shortens the airflow channel, which helps to stabilize the wind speed at the outlet, thereby increasing lifting capacity and propulsion efficiency. © 2024 SPIE.

关键词： Propellers

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Advancing Understanding of Urgent Gaps and Needs in Atmospheric Science Key Insights from the Climate, Weather, and Water Forum

Advancing Understanding of Urgent Gaps and Needs in Atmosphe...

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作者： Zhang, Lujia Song, Yurong Cheng, Tat Fan Lu, Mengqian Interdisciplinary Program Office Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong

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Impact of High-k Materials and Tube Numbers on CNFET Gate's Performances 5

Impact of High-k Materials and Tube Numbers on CNFET Gate's ...

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5th International Conference on Smart systems and Inventive Technology, ICSSIT 2023

作者： Yalung, Christofer Tantraviwat, Doldet Uatrongjit, Sermsak Yamwong, Wittawat Doctor of Philosophy Program in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology International Program/Interdisciplinary Center of Excellence in Materials Science and Technology Faculty of Science Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand Chiang Mai University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electrical Engineering Chiang Mai Thailand Chachoengsao Thailand

ISBN: (纸本)9781665474672

Carbon nanotube field effect transistor (CNFET) performance is primarily influenced by a variety of characteristics, such as nanotube diameter, operating voltage, pitch, the number of tubes, dielectric constant, and contact materials. In this study, the dielectric constant and the number of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were emphasized to analyze the propagation delay and average power dissipation of basic logic gates. Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2), hafnium oxide (HfO2), and silicon dioxide (SiO2) were used as dielectric materials. In this experiment, the Stanford CNFET model was utilized, and variable factors such as the number of CNTs and the dielectric constant (Kox) accumulated on the nanotube gate's surface were diversified. The correlation coefficients of the delay, the average power, and the CNT numbers were also presented. Furthermore, the multi-objective genetic algorithm and the Rmethod were utilized to find the optimal Kox and the number of CNTs for minimizing the average dissipation power and the propagation delay of some logic gates designed with CNFET. For all the gates considered, the optimal number of CNTs is 4 while the dielectric constant is within the ranges of 19 to 24. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Carbon nanotubes

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A Conjoint Analysis on the Preference of Pipe Welding Materials and Procedures

A Conjoint Analysis on the Preference of Pipe Welding Materi...

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2024 IEEE International Conference on Industrial engineering and engineering Management, IEEM 2024

作者： Dela Cruz, Erick D. Prasetyo, Yogi Tri Ayuwati, Irene Dyah Cahigas, Maela Madel L. Nadlifatin, Reny School of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management Mapúa University Manila Philippines School of Graduate Studies Mapúa University Manila Philippines International Bachelor Program in Engineering Yuan Ze University Taoyuan Taiwan Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Yuan Ze University Taoyuan Taiwan University of Surabaya Surabaya Indonesia Department of Information Systems Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350386097

Welding is both as art and science and its common use is the jointing of points. Some of the welding procedures used for jointing metal pipes are Tungsten Inert Gas and Gas Metal Arc welding and in common practice plastic pipes are bonded with the use of butt-fusion welding procedure. Since 1970’s conjoint analysis was used as a way of finding out what the preference of consumers. The objective of this study is to determine the combination welding attributes that were most preferred using a conjoint analysis approach. With conjoint analysis, together with, the orthogonal design the preference for welding materials and procedures were analyzed. It showed that pipe material with 29.24% was the most preferred attribute and Nondestructive test as the least preferred with 2.66%. The result of this study may be utilized in future related reviews and could be applicable in other related Mechanical systems requiring welding works. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Nondestructive examination

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Learn2Evade: Learning-based generative model for evading PDF malware classifiers

IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence

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IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence 2021年第4期2卷 299-313页

作者： Bae, Ho Lee, Younghan Kim, Yohan Hwang, Uiwon Yoon, Sungroh Paek, Yunheung Department of Cyber Security EwhaWomans University Seoul03760 Korea Republic of Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics Interdisciplinary Program in Artificial Intelligence Automation and Systems Research Institute Institute of NewMedia and Communications Institute of Engineering Research Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of

Recent research has shown that a small perturbation to an input may forcibly change the prediction of a machine learning (ML) model. Such variants are commonly referred to as adversarial examples. Early studies have focused mostly on ML models for image processing and expanded to other applications, including those for malware classification. In this article, we focus on the problem of finding adversarial examples against ML-based portable document format (PDF) malware *** deem that our problem is more challenging than those againstMLmodels for image processing because of the highly complex data structure of PDF and of an additional constraint that the generated PDF should exhibit malicious behavior. To resolve our problem, we propose a variant of generative adversarial networks that generate evasive variant PDF malware (without any crash), which can be classified as benign by various existing classifiers yetmaintaining the original malicious behavior. Our model exploits the target classifier as the second discriminator to rapidly generate an evasive variant PDF with our new feature selection process that includes unique features extracted from malicious PDF files. We evaluate our technique against three representative PDF malware classifiers (Hidost 13, Hidost 16, and PDFrate-v2) and further examine its effectiveness with AntiVirus engines from VirusTotal. To the best of our knowledge, our work is the first to analyze the performance against the commercial AntiVirus engines. Our model finds, with great speed, evasive variants for all selected seeds against state-of-The-Art PDF malware classifiers and raises a serious security concern in the presence of adversaries. © 2021 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. All rights reserved.

关键词： Generative adversarial networks

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Numerical analysis of Ga gradient effects in ACIGS absorbers for high-efficiency tandem solar cells

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Optical and Quantum Electronics 2025年第3期57卷 1-19页

作者： Boukortt, Nour El I. Loureiro, Antonio Garcia Almutairi, Ohood A. Centro Singular de Investigación en Tecnoloxías Intelixentes University of Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela Spain Department of Electronics and Information Systems Ghent University Technology Park 126 Zwijnaarde Belgium Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering University College London LondonWC1E 6BT United Kingdom Energy Systems Program College of Engineering & Energy Abdullah Al Salem University Khaldiya Kuwait

Ag-alloyed Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ (ACIGS) is a promising material for the bottom subcell in tandem solar cell structures, offering a tunable bandgap that spans the optimal range for maximum efficiency;however, the bandgap widening of ACIGS thin films poses a significant challenge in enhancing their photocurrent. This paper investigates the impact of different grading profiles, specifically focusing on the 'hockey stick'/V-like Ga gradient–induced (GGI) profiles, on the performance of thin-film ACIGS cells. To enhance the physical understanding of these grading profiles we have used Silvaco TCAD tools to analyze how these profiles' depths, notch position, and slope affect the power conversion efficiency (PCE). The optimized ACIGS cell achieves a PCE of 25.80%, compared to 23.60% for the reference device. For the tandem configuration, we pair the optimized ACIGS bottom cell (double grading profile) with a perovskite top cell (band gap ~ 1.66 eV), achieving an overall efficiency of 30.26% under AM1.5G illumination. The obtained results highlight the critical role of Ga gradient profiles in enhancing the bottom cell's performance and stability. Additionally, we compare our results with existing studies to evaluate the broader impact of Ga compositional optimization on ACIGS-based solar cells. This work provides valuable insights into advanced grading strategies and helps us understand the physical behaviour of these high-performance tandem solar cells. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Silver alloys

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Application of text mining techniques to identify actual wrong-way driving (WWD) crashes in police reports

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International Journal of Transportation Science and Technology 2023年第4期12卷 1038-1051页

作者： Parisa Hosseini Seyedalireza Khoshsirat Mohammad Jalayer Subasish Das Huaguo Zhou Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Center for Research and Education in Advanced Transportation Engineering Systems(CREATEs)Rowan University201 Mullica Hill RoadGlassboroNJ 08028USA Department of Computer&Information Sciences University of Delaware18 Amstel AveNewarkDE 19716USA Civil Engineering Program Ingram School of EngineeringTexas State UniversityRFM 5202601 University DriveSan MarcosTX 78666USA Harbert Center Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringAuburn UniversityAuburnAL 36849USA

Wrong-way driving(WWD)has been a long-lasting issue for transportation agencies and law enforcement,since it causes pivotal threats to road *** being rare,crashes occurring due to WWD are more severe than other types of *** order to analyze WWD crashes,there is a need to obtain WWD incidents or crash ***,it is time-consuming to identify actual WWD crashes from potential WWD crashes in large crash *** often involves large man-hours to review hardcopy of crash narratives in the police ***,it may cause an overestimation or underestimation of WWD crash *** fill this gap,the present study,as the first-of-its-kind,aims at identifying actual WWD crashes from potential WWD crashes in police reports by using machine learning ***,Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers(BERT)models have shown promising results in natural language *** this study,we implemented the BERT model as well as five conventional classification algorithms,including Naïve Bayes(NB),Support Vector Machine(SVM),Decision Tree(DT),Random Forest(RF),and Single Layer Perceptron(SLP)to classify crash report narratives as actual WWD and non-WWD ***-validation and different performance metrics were used to evaluate the performance of each classification *** indicated that the BERT model outperformed in identifying actual WWD crashes in comparison with other algorithms with an accuracy of 81.59%.The BERT classification algorithm can be implemented to reduce the time needed to identify actual WWD crashes from crash report narratives.

关键词： Wrong-Way Driving Crashes Crash Report Narratives Text Mining Text Classification

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