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Rain Attenuation Modelling Based on Symbolic Regression and Differential Evolution for 5G mmWave Wireless Communication Networks

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Progress in Electromagnetics Research B 2025年 111卷 45-58页

作者： Matondo, Sandra Bazebo Owolawi, Pius Adewale Department of Computer Systems Engineering Tshwane University of Technology Pretoria South Africa

The microphysical structure of rain has a significant impact on the quality of radio signal transmission in the upcoming deployment of 5G millimetre-wave wireless communications in South Africa. To address this, mitigation techniques that integrate rain attenuation prediction models into network management systems are essential. This study uses a machine learning technique, symbolic regression coupled with differential evolution, to predict the rain attenuation in urban and rural 5G scenarios. Symbolic regression derives the mathematical models characterizing attenuation, while differential evolution optimizes the model coefficients. The models’ accuracies are validated through predictive performance metrics, including Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Mean Squared Error (MSE). The urban model showed excellent accuracy, and the rural model improved significantly after optimization. The interpretability of the models provides valuable insights into rain-induced attenuation and supports better design and optimization of 5G mmWave communication systems. © (2025), (Electromagnetics Academy). All rights reserved.

关键词： Mean square error

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Real-time drone detection framework based on advanced texture feature extraction and pattern recognition model using GUI

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Neural Computing and Applications 2025年第5期37卷 3435-3454页

作者： Hussen, Noha Salem, Mofreh Eldesouky, Ali I. Sakr, Noha Elghamrawy, Sally Computers and Control Systems Engineering Department Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt Computer Engineering Department Misr Higher Institute for Engineering and Technology Mansoura Egypt

The increasing prevalence of drones has raised significant concerns regarding their potential for misuse in activities such as smuggling, terrorism, and unauthorized access to restricted airspace. Consequently, the development of robust and efficient drone detection systems has become paramount. Traditional detection methods such as radar and acoustic sensors have limitations in detecting small drones and can be costly to implement. This can lead to lower detection rates and increased security breaches and safety concerns. However, prevailing methodologies often falter in achieving real-time detection with requisite precision and efficacy, particularly within complex operational environments. Motivated by the imperative to surmount these challenges, our research endeavors to introduce a pioneering real-time drone detection framework. Our study encapsulates several seminal advancements. Firstly, we proffer a groundbreaking framework that synergizes advanced integration technique based on texture feature extraction and pattern recognition techniques for real-time drone detection to increase accuracy to detect drones in different conditions such as bad weather and low resolution. Secondly, we introduce an intuitive graphical user interface, enhancing the usability and accessibility of the system in real-time scenario. Lastly, through exhaustive evaluation and comparative analysis, we substantiate the superior performance of our framework in terms of accuracy, precision, and real-time detection capabilities compared to conventional DDS methodologies. Its stability and effectiveness render it a compelling solution for security-focused entities, notably those within air force and military systems. Our experimental results reveal a commendable accuracy rate of 97%, affirming the reliability and precision 98% and recall parameter 98% of our framework in accurately identifying and detecting drones, thus surpassing recent models in the field. © The Author(s), under exclusive

关键词： Graphical user interfaces

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Blackout Mitigation via Physics-Guided RL

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IEEE Transactions on Power systems 2025年第3期40卷 2363-2375页

作者： Dwivedi, Anmol Paternain, Santiago Tajer, Ali Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Electrical Computer and Systems Engineering Department TroyNY12180 United States

This paper considers the sequential design of remedial control actions in response to system anomalies to prevent blackouts. A physics-guided reinforcement learning (RL) framework is designed to identify effective sequences of real-time remedial look-ahead decisions accounting for the long-term impact on the system's stability. The paper considers a space of control actions involving both discrete-valued transmission line-switching decisions (line reconnections and removals) and continuous-valued generator adjustments. To identify an effective blackout mitigation policy, a physics-guided approach is designed that uses power-flow sensitivity factors associated with the power transmission network to guide the RL exploration during agent training. Comprehensive empirical evaluations using the open-source Grid2Op platform demonstrate the notable advantages of incorporating physical signals into RL decisions, establishing the gains of the proposed physics-guided approach compared to its black-box counterparts. One important observation is that strategically removing transmission lines, in conjunction with multiple real-time generator adjustments, often renders effective long-term decisions that are likely to prevent or delay blackouts. © 1969-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Electric load flow

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State-of-the-art in human activity recognition based on inertial measurement unit sensors: survey and applications

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International Journal of computers and Applications 2025年第1期47卷 1-16页

作者： Sepahvand, Majid Meqdad, Maytham N. Abdali-Mohammadi, Fardin Department of Computer Engineering Arak University Markazi Iran Intelligent Medical Systems Department Al-Mustaqbal University Babil Hillah Iraq Department of Computer Engineering and Information Technology Razi University Kermanshah Iran

Human activity recognition systems using wearable sensors is an important issue in pervasive computing, which applies to various domains related to healthcare, context aware and pervasive computing, sports, surveillance and monitoring, and the military. Three approaches can be considered for activity recognition: video sensor-based, physical sensor-based, and environmental sensor-based. This paper investigates the related work regarding the physical sensor-based approaches to motion processing. In this paper, a wide range of artificial intelligence models, from single classifications to methods based on deep learning, have been reviewed. The human activity detection accuracy of different methods, under natural and experimental conditions poses several challenges. These challenges cause problems regarding the accuracy and applicability of the proposed methods. This paper analyzes the methods, challenges, approaches, and future work. The goal of this paper is to establish a clear distinction in the field of motion detection using inertial sensors. © 2024 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

关键词： Active learning

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Power synchronization: taming massive diversified serverless functions under power constraints

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2025年第3期68卷 47-65页

作者： Du LIU Lu ZHANG Yechen XU Xinkai WANG Lingyu SUN Yifei PU Xiaofeng HOU Chao LI Minyi GUO Department of Computer Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart Systems The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

Carbon neutrality has become an important design objective worldwide. However, the on-going shift to cloud-naive era does not necessarily mean energy efficiency. From the perspective of power management, co-hosted serverless functions are difficult to tame. They are lightweight, short-lived applications sensitive to power capping activities. In addition, they exhibit great individual and temporal variability, presenting idiosyncratic performance/power scaling goals that are often at odds with one another. To date, very few proposals exist in terms of tailored power management for serverless platforms. In this work, we introduce power synchronization, a novel yet generic mechanism for managing serverless functions in a power-efficient way. Our insight with power synchronization is that uniform application power behavior enables consistent and uncompromised function operation on shared host machines. We also propose PowerSync, a synchronization-based power management framework that ensures optimal efficiency based on a clear understanding of functions. Our evaluation shows that PowerSync can improve the energy efficiency of functions by up to 16% without performance loss compared to conventional power management strategies.

关键词： serverless computing variability energy efficiency power management power synchronization

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Data-driven output regulation control for constrained linear systems

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2025年第3期68卷 338-353页

作者： Chaoyu XIA Yi DONG Chaoli WANG Shengyuan XU Shanghai Research Institute for Intelligent Autonomous Systems Tongji University College of Electronic and Information Engineering Shanghai Research Institute for Intelligent Autonomous SystemsTongji University Department of Control Science and Engineering School of Optical-Electrical and Computer EngineeringUniversity of Shanghai for Science and Technology Department of Automation Nanjing University of Science and Technology

This study introduces a data-driven approach for state and output feedback control addressing the constrained output regulation problem in unknown linear discrete-time systems. Our method ensures effective tracking performance while satisfying the state and input constraints, even when system matrices are not available. We first establish a sufficient condition necessary for the existence of a solution pair to the regulator equation and propose a data-based approach to obtain the feedforward and feedback control gains for state feedback control using linear programming. Furthermore, we design a refined Luenberger observer to accurately estimate the system state, while keeping the estimation error within a predefined set. By combining output regulation theory, we develop an output feedback control strategy. The stability of the closed-loop system is rigorously proved to be asymptotically stable by further leveraging the concept of λ-contractive sets.

关键词： output regulation constrained system data-driven.

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Forecasting electricity demand in Türkiye: A comprehensive review of methods, determinants, and policy implications

Journal of Energy Systems

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Journal of Energy systems 2025年第1期9卷 132-158页

作者： Elbaş, Hakan Bilgin, Turgay Tugay Bursa Technical University Graduate School Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering Bursa Turkey Bursa Technical University Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Department of Computer Engineering Bursa Turkey

This review examines the methods, determinants, and forecasting horizons used in electricity demand forecasting in Türkiye. The study investigates how Türkiye's electricity demand is influenced by economic, climatic, socio-demographic, and technological factors, and explores the evolving landscape of forecasting techniques, from traditional statistical models to advanced machine learning and hybrid approaches. The research addresses three key questions: The significant determinants of electricity demand in Türkiye, the most effective forecasting methods, and the application of these insights to improve energy planning and policy development. Through a systematic analysis of peer-reviewed literature, official reports, and case studies, the study reveals the complex interplay of factors affecting electricity demand and the increasing sophistication of forecasting methodologies. Economic growth, industrial production, climate change, urbanization, and technological advancements emerge as primary drivers of demand, while artificial neural networks and hybrid models demonstrate superior forecasting capabilities. The study highlights the importance of integrated modeling approaches, sector-specific strategies, and the incorporation of climate projections in long-term planning. It also emphasizes the need for aligning energy policies with broader economic and environmental objectives. This review provides valuable insights for researchers, policymakers, and industry stakeholders, offering a comprehensive framework for understanding and improving electricity demand forecasting. © 2025 Erol Kurt. All rights reserved.

关键词： Demand response

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A Mathematical and Dynamical Model for Analyzing H-Shaped PM Vernier Motor for Electric Motorcycle Mid-Drive Applications

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IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion 2025年第1期40卷 529-543页

作者： Ghods, Mehrage Faiz, Jawad Bazrafshan, Mohammad Amin Gorginpour, Hamed Toulabi, Mohammad Sedigh University of Tehran School of Electrical and Computer Engineering College of Engineering Tehran*** Iran Persian Gulf University Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering and Data Science Bushehr*** Iran Oakland University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering RochesterMI48309 United States

The permanent magnet (PM) Vernier machines enhance torque density and decrease cogging torque compared to conventional permanent magnet synchronous motor. This paper presents a novel fractional-slot H-shaped PM Vernier machines, which incorporates unique design for the PM housing and rotor core construction. These designs are specifically optimized for the small-scale electric vehicles application. The choice of the PM arrangement is based on the combination of V-shaped and spoke-array PM topologies. The aim is to achieve a higher torque density than V-shaped PM machines, while reducing cogging torque compared to spoke-array PM machines. By using this methodology, leakage fluxes in the terminal region of the PMs reduce, resulting in an augmentation of both flux-linkage and power factor. A prototype 680 W motor was fabricated with 12 slots and 8 poles to verify the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed model. Mathematical model and dynamical analysis are proposed for the analytical prediction of machine performance. Due to the unique shape feature of the machine, the conformal mapping approach is applied to design the rotor core. To validate the model, the predicted performance of the motor was compared with those obtained by finite element analysis and experiments. © 1986-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Permanent magnets

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Foreign object debris detection in lane images using deep learning methodology

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PeerJ computer Science 2025年 11卷 1-16页

作者： Priyadharsini, S. Bhuvaneshwara, Raja K. Kousi, Krishnan T Senthil, Kumar Jagatheesaperumal Bader, Fahad Alkhamees Mohammad, Mehedi Hassan Department of Computer Science and Engineering Mepco Schlenk Engineering College Tamilnadu Sivakasi India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Mepco Schlenk Engineering College Tamilnadu Sivakasi India Department of Information Systems College of Computer and Information Sciences King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia

Background: Foreign object debris (FOD) is an unwanted substance that damages vehicular systems, most commonly the wheels of vehicles. In airport runways, these foreign objects can damage the wheels or internal systems of planes, potentially leading to flight crashes. Surveys indicate that FOD-related damage costs over $4 billion annually, affecting airlines, airport tenants, and passengers. Current FOD clearance involves high-cost radars and significant manpower, and existing radar and camera-based surveillance methods are expensive to install. Methods: This work proposes a video-based deep learning methodology to address the high cost of radar-based FOD detection. The proposed system consists of two modules for FOD detection: object classification and object localization. The classification module categorizes FOD into specific types of foreign objects. In the object localization module, these classified objects are pinpointed in video frames. Results: The proposed system was experimentally tested with a large video dataset and compared with existing methods. The results demonstrated improved accuracy and robustness, allowing the FOD clearance team to quickly detect and remove foreign objects, thereby enhancing the safety and efficiency of airport runway operations. © 2025 S et al.

关键词： Airport runways

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Advanced Scalable Multi-Beam Focusing for Indoor Optical Wireless Networks With IR Radiative Clusters

IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society

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IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society 2025年 6卷 3624-3643页

作者： Gunathilake, Sharadhi Nirmalathas, Ampalavanapillai Herath, Kosala Premaratne, Malin Monash University Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering ClaytonVIC3800 Australia The University of Melbourne Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering ParkvilleVIC3010 Australia

Optical wireless networks emerge as a promising solution to the ever-growing data demand for user-centric indoor applications. This work demonstrates a novel approach to advance multi-beam radiation patterns in indoor optical wireless networks by utilizing a cluster-based optical aperture comprising IR radiative elements. Spatially distributed IR clusters permit a non-uniform spherical wave model to focus the radiation in the near-field regime. By executing sub-clusters within main clusters and assigning them to groups for phase delay compensation, we ensure the generation of independent narrow beams focused on each receiver simultaneously. To mitigate the grating lobe formation, we incorporate a dual-carrier framework that introduces an effective wavelength for the system. Based on this theoretical model, we examine multi-beam focusing with a systematic arrangement of clusters on a planar ceiling. It follows a phased array within a phased array structure and incorporates a sub-cluster segmentation algorithm. We suggest optimizing cluster excitation based on receiver positions to enhance power efficiency and safety. This involves selecting the optimal clusters from a uniform array by solving a multiobjective non-convex binary optimization problem, aiming to maximize receiver intensity, minimize intensity variations, and reduce side lobes level. Instead of stochastic algorithms, we adopt a sparse relaxation-based weighted sum method that convexifies the binary space with L1 norm regularization compensating for convexity. The Transformed problem is solved deterministically via Nelder-Mead simplex without gradients. Simulated results confirm a better multi-beam focusing pattern, effectively balancing three objectives. Our findings pave the way for sustainable indoor optical wireless networks in next-generation communication. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Multiobjective optimization

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