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Innovative Mechanical Ventilation Control for Enhanced Indoor Air Quality and Energy Efficiency

Energy engineering 2025年第3期122卷 861-883页

作者： Giovanni Miracco Francesco Nicoletti Vittorio Ferraro Dimitrios Kaliakatsos Department of Mechanical Energy and Management Engineering(DIMEG)University of CalabriaCosenza87036Italy Department of Computer ModellingElectronics and Systems Engineering(DIMES)University of CalabriaCosenza87036Italy

Indoor air quality(IAQ)is often overlooked,yet a poorly maintained environment can lead to significant health issues and reduced concentration and productivity in work or educational *** study presents an innovative control system for mechanical ventilation specifically designed for university classrooms,with the dual goal of enhancing IAQ and increasing energy *** classrooms with distinct construction characteristics were analyzed:one with exterior walls and windows,and the other completely *** each classroom,a model was developed using DesignBuilder software,which was calibrated with experimental data regarding CO_(2) concentration,temperature,and relative humidity *** proposed ventilation system operates based on CO_(2) concentration,relative humidity,and potential for free heating and *** addition,the analysis was conducted for other locations,demonstrating consistent energy savings across different climates and environments,always showing an annual reduction in energy *** demonstrate that mechanical ventilation,when integrated with heat recovery and free cooling strategies,significantly reduces energy consumption by up to 25%,while also maintaining optimal CO_(2) levels to enhance comfort and air *** findings emphasize the essential need for well-designed mechanical ventilation systems to ensure both psychophysical well-being and IAQ in enclosed spaces,particularly in environments intended for extended occupancy,such as ***,this approach has broad applicability,as it could be adapted to various building types,thereby contributing to sustainable energy management practices and promoting healthier indoor *** study serves as a model for future designs aiming to balance energy efficiency with indoor air quality,especially relevant in the post-COVID era,where the importance of indoor air quality has become more widely recognized.

关键词： Indoor air quality mechanical ventilation system innovative control system energy efficiency Energy-Plus simulation

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Deep Learning Based Side-Channel Attack Detection for Mobile Devices Security in 5G Networks

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清华大学学报自然科学版（英文版） 2025年第3期30卷 1012-1026页

作者： Amjed A.Ahmed Mohammad Kamrul Hasan Ali Alqahtani Shayla Islam Bishwajeet Pandey Leila Rzayeva Huda Saleh Abbas Azana Hafizah Mohd Aman Nayef Alqahtani Center for Cyber Security Faculty of Information Science and TechnologyUniversiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaBangi 43600Malaysia Imam Alkadhim University College Department of Computer Techniques EngineeringBaghdad 10066Iraq Center for Cyber Security Faculty of Information Science and TechnologyUniversiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaBangi 43600Malaysia Department of Networks and Communications Engineering College of Computer Science and Information SystemsNajran UniversityNajran 61441Saudi Arabia Institute of Computer Science and Digital Innovation UCSI UniversityKuala Lumpur 56000Malaysia Department of Intelligent Systems and Cyber Security Astana IT UniversityAstana 20000Kazakstan Department of Computer Science College of Computer Science and EngineeringTaibah UniversityMadinah 42353Saudi Arabia Department of Electrical Engineering College of EngineeringKing Faisal UniversityAl-Hofuf 31982Saudi Arabia

Mobile devices within Fifth Generation(5G)networks,typically equipped with Android systems,serve as a bridge to connect digital gadgets such as global positioning system,mobile devices,and wireless routers,which are vital in facilitating end-user communication ***,the security of Android systems has been challenged by the sensitive data involved,leading to vulnerabilities in mobile devices used in 5G *** vulnerabilities expose mobile devices to cyber-attacks,primarily resulting from security ***-permission apps in Android can exploit these channels to access sensitive information,including user identities,login credentials,and geolocation *** such attack leverages"zero-permission"sensors like accelerometers and gyroscopes,enabling attackers to gather information about the smartphone's *** underscores the importance of fortifying mobile devices against potential future *** research focuses on a new recurrent neural network prediction model,which has proved highly effective for detecting side-channel attacks in mobile devices in 5G *** conducted state-of-the-art comparative studies to validate our experimental *** results demonstrate that even a small amount of training data can accurately recognize 37.5％of previously unseen user-typed ***,our tap detection mechanism achieves a 92％accuracy rate,a crucial factor for text *** findings have significant practical implications,as they reinforce mobile device security in 5G networks,enhancing user privacy,and data protection.

关键词： Fifth Generation(5G)networks smartphone information leakage Side-Channel Attack(SCA) deep learning

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Oversampling-Enhanced Feature Fusion-Based Hybrid ViT-1DCNN Model for Ransomware Cyber Attack Detection

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computer Modeling in engineering & Sciences 2025年第2期142卷 1667-1695页

作者： Muhammad Armghan Latif Zohaib Mushtaq Saifur Rahman Saad Arif Salim Nasar Faraj Mursal Muhammad Irfan Haris Aziz Department of Computer and Information System Cleveland State UniversityOhio44115USA Department of Electrical Electronics and Computer SystemsCollege of Engineering and TechnologyUniversity of SargodhaSargodha40100Pakistan Electrical Engineering Department College of EngineeringNajran UniversityNajran61441Saudi Arabia Department of Mechanical Engineering College of EngineeringKing Faisal UniversityAl Ahsa31982Saudi Arabia Department of Mechanical Industrial and Energy System EngineeringUniversity of SargodhaSargodha40100Pakistan

Ransomware attacks pose a significant threat to critical infrastructures,demanding robust detection *** study introduces a hybrid model that combines vision transformer(ViT)and one-dimensional convolutional neural network(1DCNN)architectures to enhance ransomware detection *** common challenges in ransomware detection,particularly dataset class imbalance,the synthetic minority oversampling technique(SMOTE)is employed to generate synthetic samples for minority class,thereby improving detection *** integration of ViT and 1DCNN through feature fusion enables the model to capture both global contextual and local sequential features,resulting in comprehensive ransomware *** on the UNSW-NB15 dataset,the proposed ViT-1DCNN model achieved 98%detection accuracy with precision,recall,and F1-score metrics surpassing conventional *** approach not only reduces false positives and negatives but also offers scalability and robustness for real-world cybersecurity *** results demonstrate the model’s potential as an effective tool for proactive ransomware detection,especially in environments where evolving threats require adaptable and high-accuracy solutions.

关键词： Ransomware attacks cybersecurity vision transformer convolutional neural network feature fusion encryption threat detection

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EEMLCR: Energy-Efficient Machine Learning-Based Clustering and Routing for Wireless Sensor Networks

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 70849-70871页

作者： Akram, Muhammad Ullah Bazai, Sibghat Imran Ghafoor, Muhammad Akram, Saira Ilyas, Qazi Mudassar Mehmood, Abid Iqbal, Sajid Asim Rafique, Muhammad Department of Software Engineering Quetta87300 Pakistan Department of Computer Engineering Quetta87300 Pakistan Pakistan Television Corporation Department of Engineering Lahore44000 Pakistan King Faisal University College of Computer Sciences and Information Technology Department of Information Systems Al Hofuf31982 Saudi Arabia King Faisal University College of Business Administration Department of Management Information Systems Al Hofuf31982 Saudi Arabia

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) offer a powerful technology for sensing and transmitting data across vast geographical regions. However, limitations inherent to WSNs, such as low-power sensor units, communication constraints, and limited processing capabilities, can significantly impact their lifespan. To address these limitations and enhance the energy efficiency of WSNs, it is often necessary to divide sensors into clusters and establish routing to conserve energy. Machine learning algorithms can potentially automate these processes, minimizing energy consumption and extending network lifetime. This research investigates the application of machine learning algorithms, specifically Q-learning and K-means clustering, to propose the Energy-Efficient Machine Learning-based Clustering and Routing (EEMLCR) method for WSNs. This method facilitates cluster formation and routing path selection. The proposed method is compared with the well-established LEACH algorithm and two multi-hop variants, DMHT LEACH and EDMHT LEACH to validate its effectiveness. Our experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of EEMLCR compared to LEACH and its multi-hop variants (DMHT LEACH and EDMHT LEACH). After 600 rounds in networks comprising 400 nodes, EEMLCR showed significant improvements in key performance metrics. These include increased alive nodes, reduced average energy consumption, higher remaining energy levels, and improved packet reception. Additionally, we compared EEMLCR with recent state-of-the-art algorithms such as EECDA and CMML, where our method demonstrated comparable or superior performance in terms of network lifetime and energy efficiency. By optimizing clustering and routing strategies, WSNs can reduce energy consumption, leading to more efficient utilization of the limited energy resources available to sensor nodes. The primary objective of this research is to contribute to the development of energy-efficient WSNs by leveraging machine learning algorithms for dat

关键词： Sensor nodes

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A sentiment analysis of the Ukraine-Russia War tweets using knowledge graph convolutional networks

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International Journal of Information Technology (Singapore) 2025年 1-18页

作者： Menaouer, Brahami Fairouz, Safa Meriem, Mohammed Boulekbachi Mohammed, Sabri Nada, Matta LABAB Laboratory Computer Systems Engineering Department National Polytechnic School of Oran Oran Algeria Computer Systems Engineering Department National Polytechnic School of Oran Oran Algeria TechCICO Laboratory University of Technology of Troyes Troyes France

Nowadays, social networks play a critical role in online social discourse, particularly during major events such as elections, health crises, and wars. Furthermore, individuals have spent significant time on social networks that consume news and express their opinions and viewpoints on various topics, namely, the Russia-Ukraine War. The Ukraine-Russia War is one of the most complicated and unfortunate events of this decade, with many aspects to be considered to have an informed opinion. For this reason, sentiment analysis research can be useful in analyzing sentiments or opinions about the Ukraine-Russia war, such as Twitter (X) posts. In this study, we propose a new deep learning-based sentiment classification model called "Knowledge Graph Convolutional Networks" that predicts and analyzes sentiments concerning the Russia-Ukraine war. There were 500,000 tweets collected in total, however only 410,428 were left for sentiment analysis after cleaning, lemmatization stemming, and deleting duplicate tweets. Results show that "war", "people", "world", "putin", "energy", "gas", "weapon", and "peace" were some of the most frequently occurring words in the tweets. The main aim of this work is to develop a robust system that provides an understanding of public sentiment towards the Russia-Ukraine war on the X platform. Experimental results demonstrate that it is possible to obtain more accurate sentiment classification results by the proposed method. They also have managerial, economic, and research implications. © Bharati Vidyapeeth's Institute of computer Applications and Management 2024.

关键词： Classification Decision support systems Graph Convolutional Networks (GCN) Knowledge graph Knowledge management Opinion mining Twitter sentiment analysis Ukraine-Russia War

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Congruent Feature Selection Method to Improve the Efficacy of Machine Learning-Based Classification in Medical Image Processing

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computer Modeling in engineering & Sciences 2025年第1期142卷 357-384页

作者： Mohd Anjum Naoufel Kraiem Hong Min Ashit Kumar Dutta Yousef Ibrahim Daradkeh Department of Computer Engineering Aligarh Muslim UniversityAligarh202002India College of Computer Science King Khalid UniversityAbha61413Saudi Arabia School of Computing Gachon UniversitySeongnam13120Republic of Korea Department of Computer Science and Information Systems College of Applied SciencesAlMaarefa UniversityRiyadh13713Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Engineering and Information College of Engineering in Wadi AlddawasirPrince Sattam bin Abdulaziz UniversityAl-Kharj16273Saudi Arabia

Machine learning(ML)is increasingly applied for medical image processing with appropriate learning *** applications include analyzing images of various organs,such as the brain,lung,eye,etc.,to identify specific flaws/diseases for *** primary concern of ML applications is the precise selection of flexible image features for pattern detection and region *** of the extracted image features are irrelevant and lead to an increase in computation ***,this article uses an analytical learning paradigm to design a Congruent Feature Selection Method to select the most relevant image *** process trains the learning paradigm using similarity and correlation-based features over different textural intensities and pixel *** similarity between the pixels over the various distribution patterns with high indexes is recommended for disease ***,the correlation based on intensity and distribution is analyzed to improve the feature selection ***,the more congruent pixels are sorted in the descending order of the selection,which identifies better regions than the ***,the learning paradigm is trained using intensity and region-based similarity to maximize the chances of ***,the probability of feature selection,regardless of the textures and medical image patterns,is *** process enhances the performance of ML applications for different medical image *** proposed method improves the accuracy,precision,and training rate by 13.19%,10.69%,and 11.06%,respectively,compared to other models for the selected *** mean error and selection time is also reduced by 12.56%and 13.56%,respectively,compared to the same models and dataset.

关键词： computer vision feature selection machine learning region detection texture analysis image classification medical images

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Memory Complexity of Estimating Entropy and Mutual Information

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IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 2025年第5期71卷 3334-3349页

作者： Berg, Tomer Ordentlich, Or Shayevitz, Ofer Tel Aviv University Department of Electrical Engineering—Systems Tel Aviv-Yafo69978 Israel Hebrew University of Jerusalem School of Computer Science and Engineering Jerusalem91904 Israel

We observe an infinite sequence of independent identically distributed random variables X1, X2, . . . drawn from an unknown distribution p over [n], and our goal is to estimate the entropy H(p) = − E[log p(X)] within an Ε-additive *** that end, at each time point we are allowed to update a finite-state machine with S states, using a possibly randomized but time-invariant rule, where each state of the machine is assigned an entropy estimate. Our goal is to characterize the minimax memory complexity S∗ of this problem, which is the minimal number of states for which the estimation task is feasible with probability at least 1 − δ asymptotically, uniformly in ***, we show that there exist universal constants C1and C2 such that S∗ (Formula presented) for Ε not too small, andS∗ (Formula presented) for Ε not too large. The upper bound is proved using approximate counting to estimate the logarithm of p, and a finite memory bias estimation machine to estimate the expectation operation. The lower bound is proved via a reductionof entropy estimation to uniformity testing. We also apply these results to derive bounds on the memory complexity of mutual information estimation. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Entropy Estimation Complexity theory Memory management Mutual information Lower bound Additives Upper bound Testing Automata

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Computationally efficient reductions between some statistical models 36

Computationally efficient reductions between some statistica...

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36th International Conference on Algorithmic Learning Theory, ALT 2025

作者： Lou, Mengqi Bresler, Guy Pananjady, Ashwin School of Industrial and Systems Engineering Georgia Tech United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science MIT United States Schools of Industrial and Systems Engineering and Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Tech United States

We study the problem of approximately transforming a sample from a source statistical model to a sample from a target statistical model without knowing the parameters of the source model, and construct several computationally efficient such reductions between canonical statistical experiments. In particular, we provide computationally efficient procedures that approximately reduce uniform, Erlang, and Laplace location models to general target families. We illustrate our methodology by establishing nonasymptotic reductions between some canonical high-dimensional problems, spanning mixtures of experts, phase retrieval, and signal denoising. Notably, the reductions are structure-preserving and can accommodate missing data. We also point to a possible application in transforming one differentially private mechanism to another. © 2025 M. Lou, G. Bresler & A. Pananjady.

关键词： Differential privacy

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uFOIL: An Unsupervised Fusion of Image Processing and Language Understanding

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 31683-31700页

作者： Rahman, Md. Abdur Hasan, Md. Tanzimul Farooq Howlader, Umar Kader, Md. Abdul Islam, Md. Motaharul Hung Pham, Phuoc Mehedi Hassan, Mohammad United International University Department of Computer Science and Engineering Dhaka1212 Bangladesh Providence College Department of Mathematics and Computer Science ProvidenceRI02918 United States King Saud University College of Computer and Information Sciences Department of Information Systems Riyadh11543 Saudi Arabia

In academic institutions, processing and evaluating documents such as exam scripts remains a labor-intensive process susceptible to human error. Traditional digitization systems face significant challenges in handling the complexities of mixed handwritten and printed text and varying document structures. These challenges are exacerbated by the absence of annotated datasets due to privacy concerns, particularly in contexts involving sensitive exam evaluations. To address these issues, this study introduces uFOIL, an unsupervised ensemble-based framework that integrates advanced image and language processing techniques to automate the extraction and validation of key information. The framework employs a majority voting mechanism that combines four state-of-the-art optical character recognition systems. Furthermore, a transformer architecture is incorporated to enhance contextual understanding and the structured formatting of extracted text that follows a post-processing confidence scoring mechanism. The proposed framework achieves high performance, with accuracies of 95.77% and 96.48% for student names and IDs, respectively;and 95.07% for total mark validation based on a dataset of exam script samples. Additionally, experiments on the benchmark ICDAR2013 dataset suggest the framework’s strong applicability achieving precision, recall, and F1-scores of 95.89%, 97.86%, and 96.87%, respectively. © 2025 The Authors.

关键词： Optical character recognition

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A decentralized and privacy-preserving framework for electronic health records using blockchain

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Alexandria engineering Journal 2025年 126卷 196-203页

作者： Alahmari, Saad Alshardan, Amal Al-Wesabi, Fahd N. Sorour, Shaymaa Alghushairy, Omar Alsini, Raed Khadidos, Alaa O. Duhayyim, Mesfer Al Department of Computer Science Applied College Northern Border University Arar Saudi Arabia Department of Information Systems College of Computer and Information Sciences Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University P.O. Box 84428 Riyadh11671 Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Applied College at Mahayil King Khalid University Saudi Arabia Department of Management Information Systems College of Business Administration King Faisal University Al-Ahsa31982 Saudi Arabia Department of Information Systems and Technology College of Computer Science and Engineering University of Jeddah Jeddah21589 Saudi Arabia Department of Information Systems Faculty of Computing and Information Technology King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of Computer Engineering and Sciences Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University Al-Kharj16273 Saudi Arabia

As healthcare services have become increasingly digitized, Electronic Health Records (EHRs) have become widely adopted, providing seamless data exchange among providers. Conventional EHRs, however, are extremely vulnerable to cyber threats because patients' sensitive data is centralized and transmitted electronically. The paper proposes a decentralized, privacy-preserving framework for managing EHRs on blockchains in order to address these security and privacy concerns. Using cryptographic techniques, such as homomorphic encryption and zero-knowledge proofs, the proposed system enhances security and ensures data integrity. Additionally, the model facilitates scalable, efficient, and secure access to patient records through the integration of cloud-based storage and blockchain. Using smart contracts, we also ensure compliance with healthcare regulations by regulating access control and authentication. As a result of performance evaluations, the proposed approach is demonstrated to be feasible, and the advantages it offers in terms of security, privacy, and efficiency are highlighted. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Electronic health record

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