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Abnormal event detection in surveillance videos through LSTM auto-encoding and local minima assistance

Discover Internet of Things 2025年第1期5卷 1-25页

作者： Sengonul, Erkan Samet, Refik Abu Al-Haija, Qasem Alqahtani, Ali Alsemmeari, Rayan A. Alghamdi, Bandar Alturki, Badraddin Alsulami, Abdulaziz A. Department of Computer Engineering Ankara University Ankara06100 Turkey Department of Cybersecurity Faculty of Computer & Information Technology Jordan University of Science and Technology PO Box 3030 Irbid22110 Jordan Department of Networks & Communications Engineering College of Computer Science & Information Systems Najran University Najran61441 Saudi Arabia Department of Information Technology Faculty of Computing and Information Technology King Abdulaziz University Jeddah21589 Saudi Arabia Department of Information Systems Faculty of Computing and Information Technology King Abdulaziz University Jeddah21589 Saudi Arabia

Abnormal event detection in video surveillance is critical for security, traffic management, and industrial monitoring applications. This paper introduces an innovative methodology for anomaly detection in video data, encompassing three primary stages: preprocessing, feature learning, and anomaly detection. We employ background subtraction and noise reduction during preprocessing to refine the data. The feature-learning stage involves training an LSTM autoencoder to capture the essential features of normal video sequences. For anomaly detection, we map video data to a lower-dimensional space (latent code) and compare it against the distribution of codes from normal sequences. We determine regularity scores and identify local minima points exceeding a specified threshold while scrutinizing shadows between adjacent maxima to confirm and pinpoint anomalies. When tested on the CUHK Avenue and UMN datasets, our methodology demonstrated performance with AUCs of 93.8% and 94.1%, respectively, outperforming several baseline models. Our results show the high precision of our method that can detect anomalies, highlighting its potential advantages that it can achieve for enhancing systems of surveillance. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Noise abatement

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Sobol Sequence Optimization for Hardware-Efficient Vector Symbolic Architectures

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IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and systems 2025年第3期44卷 937-950页

作者： Aygun, Sercan Najafi, Hassan University of Louisiana at Lafayette School of Computing and Informatics LafayetteLA70503 United States Case Western Reserve University Electrical Computer and Systems Engineering Department ClevelandOH44106 United States

Hyperdimensional computing (HDC) is an emerging computing paradigm with significant promise for efficient and robust learning. In HDC, objects are encoded with high-dimensional vector symbolic sequences called hypervectors. The quality of hypervectors, defined by their distribution and independence, directly impacts the performance of HDC systems. Despite a large body of work on the processing parts of HDC systems, little to no attention has been paid to data encoding and the quality of hypervectors. Most prior studies have generated hypervectors using inherent random functions, such as MATLAB’s or Python’s random function. This work introduces an optimization technique for generating hypervectors by employing quasi-random sequences. These sequences have recently demonstrated their effectiveness in achieving accurate and low-discrepancy data encoding in stochastic computing systems. The study outlines the optimization steps for utilizing Sobol sequences to produce high-quality hypervectors in HDC systems. An optimization algorithm is proposed to select the most suitable Sobol sequences via indexes for generating minimally correlated hypervectors, particularly in applications related to symbol-oriented architectures. The performance of the proposed technique is evaluated in comparison to two traditional approaches of generating hypervectors based on linear-feedback shift registers and MATLAB random functions. The evaluation is conducted for three applications: 1) language;2) headline;and 3) medical image classification. Our experimental results demonstrate accuracy improvements of up to 10.79%, depending on the vector size. Additionally, the proposed encoding hardware exhibits reduced energy consumption and a superior area-delay product. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Stochastic systems

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Comparative Study of Classification Algorithms Using Big Data Analytics for Flight Delays Prediction 5th

Comparative Study of Classification Algorithms Using Big Dat...

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5th Doctoral Symposium on Computational Intelligence, DoSCI 2024

作者： Asiri, Mona Hassan AL-Malaise AL-Ghamdi, Abdullah S. Fayoumi, Ayman G. Ragab, Mahmoud Department of Information Systems Collage of Computing and Information Technology King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia Information Systems Department School of Engineering Computing and Design Dar Al-Hekma University Jeddah34801 Saudi Arabia Department of Information Systems Faculty of Computing and Information Technology King Abdulaziz University Jeddah21589 Saudi Arabia Information Technology Department Faculty of Computing and Information Technology King Abdulaziz University Jeddah21589 Saudi Arabia

ISBN: (纸本)9789819771776

Flight delays are the most pressing cause of concern in the airline sector because they can weaken and harm airlines, passengers, and airports. Flight delay prediction has become an essential step in decision-making processes within commercial aviation. Due to the developments of recent technologies, there are many prediction models for flight delays;however, more development of accurate prediction models is still needed. Machine learning, statistical models, and other techniques can be used to create quick and accurate flight delay prediction models. Furthermore, methods for feature selection can be developed to get rid of dimensionality issues. This study aimed to compare four classification algorithms using "big data analytics" to predict flight delays, a function that can improve the whole airline sector. The selected classification algorithms were the "Gaussian Naïve Bayes," "Gradient Boosted Tree" classifier, "Logistic Regression," and "Random Forest" classifier. Many assessment techniques were applied to each one of the suggested models to show the better performance of these models. The comparison used the resulting confusion matrix to summarize prediction results for the following classification problems: "F1 Score", "Accuracy," "Recall," "Precision," "Area Under ROC," and "Area Under PR." The assessment results showed the enhanced outcomes of the "Gradient Boosted Tree" Classifier with existing techniques, and all results of "Logistic Regression" and "Naïve Bayes" are equal. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Prediction models

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Automated face recognition using deep learning technique and center symmetric multivariant local binary pattern

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Neural computing and Applications 2025年第1期37卷 263-281页

作者： Sekhar, J.C. Josephson, P. Joel Chinnasamy, A. Maheswari, M. Sankar, S. Kalangi, Ruth Ramya Department of Computer Science and Engineering NRI Institute of Technology Andhra Pradesh Guntur India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Malla Reddy Engineering College Telangana Hyderabad India Department of Data Science and Business Systems School of Computing SRMIST Kattankulathur Chennai India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Panimalar Engineering College Chennai India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Saveetha School of Engineering SIMATS Chennai India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation Andhra Pradesh Vijayawada India

Researchers have recently created several deep learning strategies for various tasks, and facial recognition has made remarkable progress in employing these techniques. Face recognition is a noncontact, nonobligatory, acceptable, and harmonious biometric recognition method with a promising national and social security future. The purpose of this paper is to improve the existing face recognition algorithm, investigate extensive data-driven face recognition methods, and propose a unique automated face recognition methodology based on generative adversarial networks (GANs) and the center symmetric multivariable local binary pattern (CS-MLBP). To begin, this paper employs the center symmetric multivariant local binary pattern (CS-MLBP) algorithm to extract the texture features of the face, addressing the issue that C2DPCA (column-based two-dimensional principle component analysis) does an excellent job of removing the global characteristics of the face but struggles to process the local features of the face under large samples. The extracted texture features are combined with the international features retrieved using C2DPCA to generate a multifeatured face. The proposed method, GAN-CS-MLBP, syndicates the power of GAN with the robustness of CS-MLBP, resulting in an accurate and efficient face recognition system. Deep learning algorithms, mainly neural networks, automatically extract discriminative properties from facial images. The learned features capture low-level information and high-level meanings, permitting the model to distinguish among dissimilar persons more successfully. To assess the proposed technique’s GAN-CS-MLBP performance, extensive experiments are performed on benchmark face recognition datasets such as LFW, YTF, and CASIA-WebFace. Giving to the findings, our method exceeds state-of-the-art facial recognition systems in terms of recognition accuracy and resilience. The proposed automatic face recognition system GAN-CS-MLBP provides a solid basis for a

关键词： Principal component analysis

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Comparison of Segmentation Algorithms for Extraction of Stone from Kidney X-ray Image 4th

Comparison of Segmentation Algorithms for Extraction of Ston...

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4th International Conference on Smart IoT systems: Innovations and computing, SSIC 2023

作者： Nisha, N. Dhaka, Vijaypal Singh Sinwar, Deepak Department of Computer and Communication Engineering Manipal University Jaipur Jaipur India Director of School of Computing and Intelligent Systems Department of Computer and Communication Engineering Manipal University Jaipur Jaipur India Department of IoT and Intelligent Systems Manipal University Jaipur Jaipur India

ISBN: (纸本)9789819751990

Healthcare systems are gaining popularity because of the advancement of new technology aiding healthcare professional for diagnosis of disease from medical modalities. The detection and classification of disease using AI and its technologies are active research areas in the last decade. Radiologist usually detects stone from the kidney using different imaging like CT scan, MRI scan, and X-ray. For the detection of stone in kidney X-ray images, various segmentation and classification methods are used. These different classification and segmentation methods are used to reduce errors and time of healthcare professional in diagnosis of stone in X-ray image. In this paper, comparison of different algorithms like thresholding algorithm, contour-based algorithm, deep learning algorithms like U-Net, U-Net++, V-Net, V-Net++, and Transformer Net are used for segmentation of stone from kidney X-ray images. The thorough comparison of different deep learning architectures in diagnosing stone from kidney X-ray images is also made in this paper. Most of the papers work on classification of stone from different medical modalities before segmentation which cause data leakage problem. In this research paper, comparisons of different segmentation algorithms help in achieving higher accuracy and reduce the data leakage problem. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Deep learning

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OFDM-structure based waveform designs for integrated sensing and communication

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2025年第5期68卷 267-284页

作者： Jiaqi LIU Ping YANG Ke JIANG Jiarong ZHAO Wei XIANG Jianping WEI Ruixiang DUAN Saviour ZAMMIT Tony Q.S.QUEK National Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications University of Electronic Science and Technology of China School of Computing Engineering and Mathematical Sciences La Trobe University Meituan Academy of Robotics Department of Communications and Computer Engineering University of Malta Information Systems Technology and Design Pillar Singapore University of Technology and Design

The future sixth-generation(6G) paradigm aims to seamlessly integrate communication and environmental sensing capabilities into a single radio signal, promising improved efficiency and cost-effectiveness through simultaneous data communications and environmental perception. At the core of this evolution, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM) and its advanced waveforms emerge as pivotal for integrated sensing and communications(ISAC). This study introduces a concise and unified ISAC waveform design framework based on orthogonal multicarriers. This framework supports versatile applications of OFDM and its derivative waveforms within a generalized ISAC system, marking a significant leap in integrating communication and sensing capabilities. A distinguishing feature of this framework is its adaptability,allowing users to intelligently select modulation strategies based on their specific environmental needs. This adaptability optimizes performance across diverse scenarios. Central to our innovations is the proposal of discrete Fourier transformspread OFDM with index modulation(DFT-S-OFDM-IM). This framework is paired with newly proposed signal processing methods for single-input single-output and multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) systems. Extensive evaluations highlight DFT-S-OFDM-IM's superiority, including dramatically reduced peak-to-average power ratios(PAPRs), competitive communication performance, and exceptional sensing capabilities, striking an elegant balance between communication capacity and environmental sensing precision.

关键词： DFT-S-OFDM-IM index modulation integrated sensing and communication OFDM

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Detecting the symptoms of COVID-19 during pandemic environment using smart spectacle thermal images and deep capsule networks

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第8期84卷 4475-4501页

作者： Dwarakanath, B. Pandimurugan, V. Mohandas, R. Sambath, M. Baiju, B.V. Chinnasamy, A. SRM Institute of Science and Technology Ramapuram Chennai India Networking and Communications School of Computing SRMIST kattankulathur Chennai India Computational Intelligence School of Computing SRMIST kattankulathur Chennai India Computer Science and Engineering Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science Chennai India School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore India Department of Data Science and Business Systems School of Computing SRMIST kattankulathur Chennai India

The pandemic creates a more complicated providence of medical assistance and diagnosis procedures. In the world, Covid-19, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS Cov-2), and plague are widely known pandemic disease desperations. Due to the recent COVID-19 pandemic tragedies, various medical diagnosis models and intelligent computing solutions are proposed for medical applications. In this era of computer-based medical environment, conventional clinical solutions are surpassed by many Machine Learning and Deep Learning-based COVID-19 diagnosis models. Anyhow, many existing models are developing lab-based diagnosis environments. Notably, the Gated Recurrent Unit-based Respiratory Data Analysis (GRU-RE), Intelligent Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-based Covid Data Analysis (Thermal Images) (I-UVAC), and Convolutional Neural Network-based Computer Tomography Image Analysis (CNN-CT) are enriched with lightweight image data analysis techniques for obtaining mass pandemic data at real-time conditions. However, the existing models directly deal with bulk images (thermal data and respiratory data) to diagnose the symptoms of COVID-19. Against these works, the proposed spectacle thermal image data analysis model creates an easy and effective way of disease diagnosis deployment strategies. Particularly, the mass detection of disease symptoms needs a more lightweight equipment setup. In this proposed model, each patient's thermal data is collected via the spectacles of medical staff, and the data are analyzed with the help of a complex set of capsule network functions. Comparatively, the conventional capsule network functions are enriched in this proposed model using adequate sampling and data reduction solutions. In this way, the proposed model works effectively for mass thermal data diagnosis applications. In the experimental platform, the proposed and existing models are analyzed in various dimensions (metrics). The comparative results obtained in the experiments just

关键词： COVID-19

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Towards an ontology on project portfolio management

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Procedia Computer Science 2025年 256卷 1649-1657页

作者： Héctor Melo Oscar Avila María del Pilar Villamil Department of Systems and Computing Engineering School of Engineering Universidad de los Andes Bogotá Colombia

Project Portfolio Management (PPM) is essential for organizations aiming to align projects with strategic goals. Different organizations adopt diverse PPM frameworks and standards to manage project portfolios each employing its own terminology. This semantic heterogeneity leads to communication barriers, knowledge silos, and difficulty in integrating information across various platforms in an interorganizational context. This article proposes a PPM ontology to establish a common language encapsulating key concept, addressing this challenge. The methodology involves systematic revision of three prominent PPM standards - ISO 21504, PMI Standard for Portfolio Management, and AXELOS Management of Portfolios, and employs a novel algorithm to identify equivalences and containment relationships between terms across all three standards, resolving semantic ambiguities and enriching the ontology’s expressiveness. This contribution benefits researchers, academics, portfolio managers, project managers, and PPM practitioners by providing a common vocabulary and framework for understanding and improving PPM practices, facilitates knowledge representation, improves communication and collaboration among stakeholders, and lays the groundwork for developing intelligent PPM systems capable of leveraging shared semantic understanding.

关键词： Ontology portfolio project management

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Velocity control of a Stephenson III six-bar linkage-based gait rehabilitation robot using deep reinforcement learning

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Neural computing and Applications 2025年第7期37卷 5671-5682页

作者： Kapsalyamov, Akim Brown, Nicholas A. T. Goecke, Roland Jamwal, Prashant K. Hussain, Shahid School of Information Technology and Systems University of Canberra CanberraACT2617 Australia School of Clinical Sciences Queensland University of Technology BrisbaneQLD Australia School of Systems and Computing UNSW CanberraACT Australia Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Nazarbayev University Nur-Sultan City Kazakhstan

Lower limb rehabilitation robots can help to improve the locomotor capabilities of patients experiencing gait impairments and help medical workers by reducing strain on them. However, since commercially available exoskeletons are expensive and there is a lack of number of physiotherapists many patients are still not able to get proper rehabilitation training. The closed-loop linkage mechanisms have recently drawn much attention in the realization of gait rehabilitation robots. Such mechanisms are affordable and capable of providing suitable trajectories for gait training therapy. In this work, we have proposed a fully operational one degree-of-freedom mechanism which can generate complex naturalistic lower limb trajectories. Although in theory, it is assumed that the constant speed applied at the input crank is sufficient to control the system, in reality, the external forces exerted by human legs and the inertia of the links can greatly alter the rotational velocity at the crank, which may negatively affect the training process. Therefore, we have explored the performance of a deep reinforcement learning-based control algorithm designed to regulate the speed of the input crank to reach satisfactory performance needed for gait rehabilitation training. Experimental evaluations with healthy human subjects were conducted to demonstrate that the mechanism is capable of directing lower limbs on naturalistic gait trajectories with a required walking speed. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Exoskeleton (Robotics)

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A Global Approach to Artificial Intelligence

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 76946-76962页

作者： De Miguel, Ana M. Gonzalez Sarasa-Cabezuelo, Antonio Complutense University of Madrid Computer Science Faculty Department of Software Engineering and Artificial Intelligence Madrid Spain Complutense University of Madrid Computer Science Faculty Department of Information Systems and Computing Madrid Spain

This paper presents the initial foundations of a new Global approach to Artificial Intelligence based on the modeling of global intelligence and the development of artificial cooperative systems to support this. The research work brings numerous investigations and some of our most recent creations to develop intelligent systems in urgent global, cooperative domains. The investigations present an overall view of current issues like true natural i.e. global intelligence. The creations include several results in global solutions explorations as well as new models, services, architectures and processes which could be of special interest for global organizations that urgently need to achieve intelligent cooperation. The major aim of the approach is to help these organizations, and other related institutions, to succeed in their complex daily duties where true thinking, more natural intelligence and new global artificial systems are required. Further, the paper provides some guidelines for the next evolutions of the work in the form of a brief, open research agenda and, some general actions for deploying Global Artificial Intelligence into our organizations, suggesting how to build new global artificial intelligent systems in real and virtual ecosystems. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： engineering education

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