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Simple robust adaptive control of static VAR compensator

European Transactions on Electrical Power 1993年第6期3卷 429-435页

作者： Machowski, J. Nelles, D. Jan Machowski (1950) received the M.Sc. degree in Electrical Faculty of Warsaw University of Technology in 1974. For two years he was employed in the Power Dispatching Centre in Warsaw/Poland. Later after gaining some field experience in several power plants he did a postgraduate study at Warsaw University of Technology where he received his Ph.D. degree in 1979. In the same year he joined the Electrical Faculty of Warsaw University of Technology where he is presently employed as a professor and head of the power system protection and control group. His areas of interest are power systems analysis protection and control. Since October 1989 he has been with Kaiserslautem University/Germany. (Univ. Kaiserslautern FB Elektrotechnik. P.O. Box 30 49 67618 Kaiserslautem T +4963/205-3431 Fax +49631/205-21 68) Dieter Nelles (1939). VDE received the Dipl.-Ing. degree in electrical engineering in 1966 from the Technical University in Darmstadt/Germany and the Dr.-Ing. degree in 1973 from the Technical University of Berlird/Germany. Since 1966 he has been with the Technical and Science Department of AEG-Telefunken (Frankfurt/M Germany) as a research engineer and since 1972 as the head of this department. In 1982 he joined the Electical Faculty of Kaiserslautem University where he presently is il professor of eletrical engineering and head of the Electrical Energy Supply Group. His special areas of interest are powersystem stability. power system protection and power system control. He is a member of VDE and serves as the chairman of Synchronous Machines Regulation and Excitation Systems Committee. (Univ. Kaisers-lautem FB Elektrotechnik. P.O. Box 304967618 Kaiserslautem T +49631/205-28 46 Fax +49631/205-21 68)

A study of power system transient stability enhancement through effective use of static VAR compensator is presented. It is shown that optimal state‐variable control can be approximately realized as a simple closed‐loop control based on locally measurable electric quantities. In order to make this regulation more effective and insensitive to the changes of the network parameters and loading condition it is proposed to use simple adaptive control with dynamic gain tuned by additional control loops. Tests done for two‐machine and multi‐machine systems have confirmed the validity and robustness of the proposed control method. Copyright © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Short‐term load forecast by plausibility checking of announced demand: An expert‐system approach

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European Transactions on Electrical Power 1993年第5期3卷 353-358页

作者： Markovié, M.L. Fraissler, W.F. Milorad L. Marković (1960) received the Dipl.-Ing. and M.Sc. degrees in electrical engineering from the University of Beognd in 1984 and 1990 respectively. From 1985 to 1991 he was at the Institute “Mihajlo Pupin” Beo-grad up to 1987 in the Operation Research group afterwards in the Power System group. In 1990/91 he spent a year at the Austrian Electricity Board (Verbundgesellschaft VG) in Vienna/Austria on a pilot project for expert-system application for operation scheduling. Since September 1991 he is a staff member of the central dispatching department of the VG. His research interests are application of the operations research methods and expert systems in power system control and operation. (Öster-reichische Elektrizitätswirtschafts-AG (Verbundgesellschaft) Hauptlastverteiler Am Hof 6a A-1010 Wien/Austria T +431/531 13 - 23 68 Fax +431/531 13 - 23 16) Walter F. Fraissler (1961) received the Dip1.-Ing. degree in 1984 and the Doctoral degree in 1988 both in Applied Mathematics from the University of Technology of Vienna/Austria. He started his professional experience 1984 as a research assistant at the Department of Economics of the University of Vienna. 1986/87 he attended the Institute for Advanced Studies in Vienna and in 1987 he joined the Austrian Electricity Board (Verbundgesellschaft) in its Electronic Data Processing department. His main interests are applications of econometric and Operations Research methods including expert system technology. (Österreichische Elektrizitätswirtschafts-AG (Verbundgesellschaft) Daten verarbeitung Am Hof 6a A-1010 Wien/Austria T +431/531 13 - 2948 Fax +431/531 13- 4191)

Short‐Term Load Forecast at Verbundgesellschaft (VG ‐ the Austrian Electricity Board) is presented. As the VG has only regional utilities and large industries as purchasers, classical forecast methods are not appropriate. Much more suitable is a plausibility check of a set of announced purchasers demands, for which an expert system has been developed for one to three days ahead forecasts. It has been realized with the help of a rule‐oriented expert system shell based on Prolog, and contains about 250 rules. Normal days as well as special days are considered. The prototype has been tested at the central dispatcher of the VG since autumn 1990. Results and acceptance by the users are promising. Copyright © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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DAMAGE control - THE LAST LINE OF SHIPBOARD DEFENSE

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1992年第1期104卷 63-79页

作者： HERMAN, S LOESER, CT Stanley Hermanis the acting director of the Ship Survivability Subgroup (Sea 55X) at the Naval Sea Systems Command. He received a BSME from Northeastern University in 1966 and a MSME from Northeastern in 1970. In 1978 he completed requirements for a Certificate in Acoustics at Catholic University and in 1989 he completed the Program Management Course at the Department of Defense Systems Management College. He is a registered professional engineer in Washington D.C. a certified NavSea Material Professional and a member of ASME ASE and SNAME. Mr. Herman began his career with the Navy Department immediately after high school working as a student trainee (marine engineer) at the Boston Naval Shipyard until 1966. Upon obtaining his BSME he served as a project engineer in the Noise Shock and Vibration Group at the Boston Naval Shipyard and was responsible for conducting and directing shipyard and at-sea testing and evaluation of components systems and structure for surface combatant and auxiliary naval craft. In 1974 he transferred to the Naval Sea Systems Command where he was the coordinator of survivability and detection for the SSBN Trident submarine acquisition project manager PMS 396. He was responsible for directing efforts to enhance the acoustical silencing underwater explosion shock protection and shipboard vibration control for this latest class of strategic missile submarines. From 1982 to 1986 Mr. Herman was assigned as head of the Submarine Protection branch Sea 55X11 where he was responsible for directing submarine shock hardening programs. From 1986 to 1991 he served as division director for damage control Systems Safety Personnel Protection and CBR Defense Sea 55X2. In 1991 he assumed his present position of acting director Ship Survivability Subgroup Sea 55X. Christopher T. Loeseris currently acting director of the Damage Control and Ship Design Systems Safety Division at the Naval Sea Systems Command. The division is responsible for lifecycle management of damage control chemical

This paper addresses the ship, system and equipment design features, operational doctrine and training that has been developed to provide effective shipboard damage control. Both the ship and the sailor are addressed, since both are integral and interdependent components of the damage control "system." Also, the enhancements afforded to protection of personnel from the effects of conventional and nonconventional weapons are discussed. Finally, a brief look into the future is presented. With the shrinking defense budget and corresponding reduction in fleet size and ship manning, novel system designs and automated decision aids will be required to do the job.

关键词： Naval Vessels

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DIGNET: a self-organizing neural network for automatic pattern recognition and classification

DIGNET: a self-organizing neural network for automatic patte...

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IEEE Conference on Decision and control

作者： S.C.A. Thomopoulos D.K. Bougoulias Decision and Control Systems Laboratory Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Pennsylvania State University University Park PA USA Information Proc. & Intell. System Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering Southem Illinois University Carbondale IL USA

The authors present a self-organizing artificial neural network (ANN) that exhibits deterministically reliable behavior to noise interference when the noise does not exceed a specified level of tolerance. The complexity of the proposed ANN, called DIGNET, in terms of neuron requirements versus stored patterns, increases linearly with the number of stored patterns and their dimensionality. The self-organization of DIGNET is based on the idea of competitive generation and elimination of attraction wells in the pattern space. The same neural network can be used for both pattern recognition and classification.< >

关键词： Neural networks Pattern recognition Artificial neural networks Neurons Interference Vectors Laboratories Noise level Signal detection Automatic control

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A pattern recognition approach for steady‐state security evaluation of an electrical power system

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European Transactions on Electrical Power 1991年第5期1卷 243-251页

A new pattern recognition approach to steady‐state security evaluation of electrical power systems is presented. Such approach is based upon a combined use of the „nearest‐neighbour” method and of an opportune system model ‐ previously proposed by the authors ‐for the basis of knowledge generation. In the first part of the paper, the definition of steady‐state security and the problems arising from its on‐line evaluation are briefly recalled. Then, the pattern recognition approach proposed is described in some detail, and its ability in order to overcome the computational drawbacks of traditional methods is illustrated. Afterwards, some remarks on the system model utilized are reported. Finally, a numerical experiment with reference to the AEP 14 bus test system is presented, showing very encouraging results. Copyright © 1991 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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New algorithms for earthfault distance protection in insulated and compensated networks

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European Transactions on Electrical Power 1991年第5期1卷 253-259页

作者： Igel, M. Koglin, H.‐J. Schegner, P. Dr.-lng. Michael Igel (1961). VDE received his Dip1.-lng. degree in Electrical Engineering at the University of SaarlandGermany. in 1987 and became scientific assistant at the Lehrstuhl fur Energieversorgung of this University. After receiving his Dr.-Ing. degree in 1990. he presently works as development engineer of the department of protection systems in the power transmission and distribution division of AEG at Frankfurt a. M./Germany. (AEG Aktiengesellschaft Lyoner Str. 44-48. D-6000 Frankfurt 7 I T + 49 69/66 40 16 I 7) Prof. Dr.-lng. Hans-Jurgen Koglin (1937). VDE holds the Lehrstuhl fur Energieversorgung of the University of SaarlandGermany since 1983. After the study of Electrical Engineering (power engineering) at the Technische Hochschule DarmstadtIGermany. he worked as a scientific assistant at the “Institut fur Elektrische Enerpieversorgung” of this Unive:rsity. After receiving his Dr.-lng. degree he tirst worked as assistant professor later on as full Professor at the Technische Hochschule Darmstadt (Department “Systemfuhrung in Energieversorgungsnetzen”). He is member i n several national and international committees. His most important research activities are: reliability evaluation computer-optimized network development planning digital network protection systems substation control system state estimation. corrective switching visibility of overhead lines. (Universitat des Saarlandes Lehrstuhl fur Energieversorgung Im Stadtwald D-6600 Saarbriicken I I T + 4 9 6 8 113 023979) Dr.-Ing. Peter Schegner (1955) VDEis head of the development department of protection systems in .the power transmission and distribution division of AEG at Frankfurt a. M./Gerrnany. He studied Electrical Power Engineering at the Technische Hochschule Darmstadt/Genany and worked as system engineer in the field of power system control. He became a member of the scientific staff at the Universitiit des Saarlandes receiving his degree with a thesis on the earthfault distance protection. (AEG Aktiengesellschaft

Through the analysis of transient signals after the occurrence of an earthfault it is possible to evaluate fault direction and fault distance. The faulty line is simulated by using a three phase Tl‐model. The result is a differential equation of a higher order, which only consists of voltages and currents, which are measured at the installation point of the relay. If the capacities of the part of the network without earthfault are considerably larger than those of the faulty line, the line capacities of the faulty line can be ignored in the differential equation. This results in afirst‐jorder differential equation, which can be solved by integration in the time domain. A second algorithm takes the line capacities into consideration. The derivatives of the input signals are calculated in the frequency domain. A third algorithm calculates the equivalent fault inductivity in the frequency domain by complex division. The last algorithm deals with the line capacities by using correction factors. The mode of operation of the earthfault distance algorithms presented here will be shown with the example of a 22‐kV‐overhead line network. Copyright © 1991 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Interactive power system data preparation and verification using a pc‐editor

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European Transactions on Electrical Power 1991年第3期1卷 149-152页

作者： Linke, K. Rumpel, D. Dip1.-Ing. Klaus Linke (1939) VDEis the director of the department "load dispatching and network operation" of Vereinigte Elektrizitatswerke Westfalen AG (VEW). DortmundGermany. After the study of electrical engineering at the Technical University of KarlsruhdGermany he started his professional career in an engineering-concern where he was responsible among others for investigations concerning the installation of process-computers in chemical plants. In 1968 he changed to VEW. Here in 1984 he took over his present position in which he is mainly engaged with the tasks of the management of the HV and EHV network and the power system control together with the problems concerning network automation incident to it. (Vereinigte Elektrizitatswerke Westfalen AG Hauptverwaltung Rheinlanddamm 24 W-4600 Dortmund 1 T +49 23 114 38-42 41) Dr.-Ing. Dieter Rumpel (1932) VDE is full professor and since 1978 head of the Power Systems Institute of Duisburg University Germany. He got his DiplAng. degree from the Technical University Munich and his Dr.-Ing. degree from the Technical University Berlin. Before his call to Duisburg he worked at Siemens AG for 23 years. (Universiiit-GHDuisburg Fachbereich Elektrotechnik PF 10 15 03 W-4100 Duisburg T 4 9 20 313 79-34 37)

For computerized power system operation, all objects of the network must be mapped in a data‐model. For this task, the „Grid Data Language” (GDL) does not apply format‐bound source data, but describes the objects using a format‐free source text. To handle such texts, an editing‐ and verification‐system was implemented. This paper reports its application when describing an extra‐high voltage network for use in a training simulator. In that way, the full content of a dispatcher EHV data‐model could be converted to GDL, requiring a work of 15 to 20 man‐days. Copyright © 1991 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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A GENERIC controlLER CARD SET

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1990年第2期102卷 59-64页

作者： BAUER, RE PRICE, RL SCOTT, TG Robyn E. Bauer:received her B.S. degree (magna cum laude) in electrical engineering from GMI Engineering & Management Institute Flint Michigan in 1986. She is an electronics engineer in the Electronics Development Department at Naval Weapons Support Center Crane Indiana. Ms. Bauer is a member of Tau Beta Pi Eta Kappa Nu and the IEEE Control Systems Society. She is pursuing a master's degree in electrical engineering. Roger L. Price:graduated from Purdue University with a B.S. degree in electrical engineering in 1972. He has worked at the Naval Weapons Support Center Crane as an electronics engineer since 1972. For the last thirteen years Mr. Price has worked with control system design. His design experience includes controllers for elevators steering systems gas management systems oxygen generators and machinery controls. Timothy G. Scott:graduated from Purdue University with a bachelor of science degree in electrical engineering. He works at Naval Weapons Support Center Crane where he has been designing control equipment for the past three and a half years. Mr. Scott is pursuing a master's degree in electrical engineering.

This paper addresses the design of a generic controller card set (GCCS) which conforms to the Multibus II protocol. The GCCS design meets Navy Standard Electronic Module (SEM) format “E,” and consists of eight “building block” cards. Configuration flexibility permits the GCCS to perform many controller applications. The eight modules are: a central processing unit (CPU) card, controller card, central services module (CSM), analog to digital (A/D) card, digital to analog (D/A) card, discrete input and output (I/O) card, random access memory (RAM) card, and erasable programmable read only memory (EPROM) card. Each card contains both on-line and off-line built-in-test (BIT), which aids in fault diagnosis.

关键词： control systems

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COMPUTER-system ARCHITECTURE CONCEPTS FOR FUTURE COMBAT systems

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1990年第3期102卷 43-62页

作者： ZITZMAN, LH FALATKO, SM PAPACH, JL Dr. Lewis H. Zitzman:is the group supervisor of the Advanced Systems Design Group Fleet Systems Department The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (JHU/APL). He has been employed at JHU/APL since 1972 performing applied research in computer science and in investigating and applying advanced computer technologies to Navy shipboard systems. He is currently chairman of Aegis Computer Architecture Data Bus and Fiber Optics Working Group from which many concepts for this paper were generated. Dr. Zitzman received his B.S. degree in physics from Brigham Young University in 1963 and his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in physics from the University of Illinois in 1967 and 1972 respectively. Stephen M. Falatko:was a senior engineering analyst in the Combat Systems Engineering Department Comptek Research Incorporated for the majority of this effort. He is currently employed at ManTech Services Corporation. During his eight-year career first at The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory and currently with ManTech Mr. Falatko's work has centered around the development of requirements and specifications for future Navy systems and the application of advanced technology to Navy command and control systems. He is a member of both the Computer Architecture Fiber Optics and Data Bus Working Group and the Aegis Fiber Optics Working Group. Mr. Falatko received his B.S. degree in aerospace engineering with high distinction from the University of Virginia in 1982 and his M.S. degree in applied physics from The Johns Hopkins University in 1985. Mr. Falatko is a member of Tau Beta Pi Sigma Gamma Tau the American Society of Naval Engineers and the U.S. Naval Institute. Janet L. Papach:is a section leader and senior engineering analyst in the Combat Systems Engineering Department Comptek Research Incorporated. She has ten years' experience as an analyst supporting NavSea Spa War and the U.S. Department of State. She currently participates in working group efforts under Aegis Combat System Doctrin

This paper sets forth computer systems architecture concepts for the combat system of the 2010–2030 timeframe that satisfy the needs of the next generation of surface combatants. It builds upon the current Aegis computer systems architecture, expanding that architecture while preserving, and adhering to, the Aegis fundamental principle of thorough systems engineering, dedicated to maintaining a well integrated, highly reliable, and easily operable combat system. The implementation of these proposed computer systems concepts in a coherent architecture would support the future battle force capable combat system and allow the expansion necessary to accommodate evolutionary changes in both the threat environment and the technology then available to effectively counter that threat. Changes to the current Aegis computer architecture must be carefully and effectively managed such that the fleet will retain its combat readiness capability at all times. This paper describes a possible transition approach for evolving the current Aegis computer architecture to a general architecture for the future. The proposed computer systems architecture concepts encompass the use of combinations of physically distributed, microprocessor-based computers, collocated with the equipment they support or embedded within the equipment itself. They draw heavily on widely used and available industry standards, including instruction set architectures (ISAs), backplane busses, microprocessors, computer programming languages and development environments, and local area networks (LANs). In this proposal, LANs, based on fiber optics, will provide the interconnection to support system expandability, redundancy, and higher data throughput rates. A system of cross connected LANs will support a high level of combat system integration, spanning the major warfare areas, and will facilitate the coordination and development of a coherent multi-warfare tactical picture supporting the future combatant command st

关键词： Computer Architecture

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DERIVATION OF THE NON-LINEAR SCHRODINGER-EQUATION FROM STOCHASTIC OPTIMAL-control

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF control 1989年第3期49卷 841-849页

作者： OHSUMI, A Control and Systems Science Group Department of Mechanical and System Engineering Kyoto Institute of Technology Kyoto Matsugasaki Sakyo Japan

The quantum-mechanical formulation of a class of stochastic optimal control problems is investigated and two versions of non-linear Schrodinger equation are derived. First, a wave-function is introduced which connects the probability density function of a diffusion process with the minimum cost functional of the stochastic optimal control problem associated with the diffusion process. It is then demonstrated that this wave-function satisfies a kind of Schrodinger-Langevin equation in quantum physics. Finally, the probabilistic interpretation of the wave-function is discussed. © 1989 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

关键词： control systems, Optimal

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