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Enhanced Far-Field Localization Scheme Using Multi-RIS and Efficient Beam Sweeping

Progress In Electromagnetics Research C 2024年 140卷 163-175页

作者： Alhafid, Abdulrahaman Kh. Younis, Sedki Ali, Y. E. Mohammed Electrical Engineering Department College of Engineering University of Mosul Mosul Iraq Computer and Information Engineering Department College of Electronics Engineering Ninevah University Mosul Iraq Computer and Communications Engineering Department College of Engineering Nawroz University KRG Duhok Iraq

Future 6G networks are anticipated to use reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) because of their capability to expand coverage, provide a customizable wireless environment, increase localization accuracy, etc. In this paper, RIS-aided localization is considered with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and single-input single-output (SISO) downlink system in millimeter-wave (mmWave). An efficient beam sweeping (EBS) scheme is proposed accomplished by an RIS to scan the area of interest and estimate the direction of the user equipment (UE), i.e., the signal’s angle of departure (AoD). The AoD with the measured signal time of arrival (ToA), from the RIS to the UE, is used to estimate the UE position. The ToA measurements can be obtained by exploiting the OFDM signal, while the beam sweeping can be obtained by carefully designing the RIS phase profile. The first step of the proposed EBS scheme is to scan the whole area of interest with equally spaced beam angles for coarse estimation of AoD. Then, based on this estimation, the RIS is reconfigured to sweep a slight angle’s range by narrow beams to refine the AoD estimation. Besides, a multi-RIS scenario is proposed, and leveraging the EBS and the consensus fusion method is used to obtain accurate position estimation. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed EBS in single and multi-RIS scenarios enhances positioning accuracy compared to linear beam sweeping (LBS) methods. Also, the impact of increasing the number of RIS elements and number of sweeping beams, as well as the number of RISs, is investigated thoroughly via numerical simulations. Furthermore, the achievable localization accuracy is assessed using the positioning error bound (PEB). © 2024, Electromagnetics Academy. All rights reserved.

关键词： Millimeter waves

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Adaptive Two-stage Unscented Kalman Filter for Dynamic State Estimation of Synchronous Generator Under Cyber Attacks Against Measurements

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Journal of Modern Power systems and Clean Energy 2024年第5期12卷 1408-1418页

作者： Dongchen Hou Yonghui Sun Venkata Dinavahi Yi Wang the School of Electrical and Power Engineering Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of AlbertaEdmontonAB T6G 2V4Canada the School of Electrical and Information Engineering Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China the Henan Engineering Research Center of Power Electronics and Energy Systems Zhengzhou 450001China

This paper develops an adaptive two-stage unscented Kalman filter(ATSUKF)to accurately track operation states of the synchronous generator(SG)under cyber *** achieve high fidelity,considering the excitation system of SGs,a detailed 9~(th)-order SG model for dynamic state estimation is ***,for several common cyber attacks against measurements,a two-stage unscented Kalman filter is proposed to estimate the model state and the bias in ***,to solve the deterioration problem of state estimation performance caused by the mismatch between noise statistical characteristics and model assumptions,a multi-dimensional adaptive factor matrix is derived to modify the noise covariance ***,a large number of simulation experiments are carried out on the IEEE 39-bus system,which shows that the proposed filter can accurately track the SG state under different abnormal test conditions.

关键词： Cyber attack dynamic state estimation Kalman filtering synchronous generator(SG) unscented transformation

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Advancing Deepfake Detection Using Xception Architecture:A Robust Approach for Safeguarding against Fabricated News on Social Media

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computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第12期81卷 4285-4305页

作者： Dunya Ahmed Alkurdi Mesut Cevik Abdurrahim Akgundogdu College of Information Engineering Al-Nahrain UniversityBaghdad10011Iraq Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Altinbas UniversityIstanbul34000Turkey Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department Istanbul University-CerrahpasaIstanbul34320Turkey

Deepfake has emerged as an obstinate challenge in a world dominated by ***,the authors introduce a new deepfake detection method based on Xception *** model is tested exhaustively with millions of frames and diverse video clips;accuracy levels as high as 99.65%are *** are the main reasons for such high efficacy:superior feature extraction capabilities and stable training mechanisms,such as early stopping,characterizing the Xception *** methodology applied is also more advanced when it comes to data preprocessing steps,making use of state-of-the-art techniques applied to ensure constant *** an ever-rising threat from fake media,this piece of research puts great emphasis on stringent memory testing to keep at bay the spread of manipulated *** also justifies better explanation methods to justify the reasoning done by the model for those decisions that build more trust and *** ensemble models being more accurate have been studied and examined for establishing a possibility of combining various detection frameworks that could together produce superior ***,the study underlines the need for real-time detection tools that can be effective on different social media sites and digital ***,protecting privacy,and public awareness in the fight against the proliferation of deepfakes are important *** significantly contributing to the advancements made in the technology that has actually advanced detection,it strengthens the safety and integrity of the cyber world with a robust defense against ever-evolving deepfake threats in ***,the findings generally go a long way to prove themselves as the crucial step forward to ensuring information authenticity and the trustworthiness of society in this digital world.

关键词： Deepfake Detection Xception architecture data processing image processing intelligent information systems social media security

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How do the non-linear I-V curves of ZnO-based adaptive composites behave with electrodes placed on the opposite sides with a series of horizontal distances?

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High Voltage 2024年第5期9卷 981-988页

作者： Ya Sun Zhikang Yuan Zhiwen Huang Jun Hu Jinliang He Qi Li State Key Laboratory of Power Systems Department of Electrical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina 2School of Electronic and Information EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghaiChina

Recently,ZnO-based composites have been widely applied in the field of electric *** meet the diverse application requirements,it is necessary to figure out the I-V characteristics of ZnO composites whose high-voltage and ground-voltage electrodes are arranged on the opposite sides with a certain horizontal distance.30 vol%,40 vol%and 50 vol%ZnO-based silicone rubber composites were *** horizontal distance between their electrodes was set as 50,100,500μm,1 and 2 mm,*** showed that with the increase of ZnO fillers volume fraction under a fixed horizontal distance of 100μm,from 30 vol%to 50 vol%,the I-V curves shifted left,the leakage current increased and the switching voltage *** the horizontal distance between electrodes increased from 50μm to 1 mm under a fixed doping concentration of 40%,the I-V curves shifted to the right,the leakage current dropped and the switching voltage *** mathematical and physical models were established to explain the *** work provides a referential significance for the practical application of ZnO composites,such as 5G folding mobile phones and power electronic modules.

关键词： composites rubber linear

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Enhancing Arabic Cyberbullying Detection with End-to-End Transformer Model

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computer Modeling in engineering & Sciences 2024年第11期141卷 1651-1671页

作者： Mohamed A.Mahdi Suliman Mohamed Fati Mohamed A.G.Hazber Shahanawaj Ahamad Sawsan A.Saad Information and Computer Science Department College of Computer Science and EngineeringUniversity of Ha’ilHa’il55476Saudi Arabia Information Systems Department College of Computer and Information SciencesPrince Sultan UniversityRiyadh11586Saudi Arabia Software Engineering Department College of Computer Science and EngineeringUniversity of Ha’ilHa’il55476Saudi Arabia Computer Engineering Department College of Computer Science and EngineeringUniversity of Ha’ilHa’il55476Saudi Arabia

Cyberbullying,a critical concern for digital safety,necessitates effective linguistic analysis tools that can navigate the complexities of language use in online *** tackle this challenge,our study introduces a new approach employing Bidirectional Encoder Representations from the Transformers(BERT)base model(cased),originally pretrained in *** model is uniquely adapted to recognize the intricate nuances of Arabic online communication,a key aspect often overlooked in conventional cyberbullying detection *** model is an end-to-end solution that has been fine-tuned on a diverse dataset of Arabic social media(SM)tweets showing a notable increase in detection accuracy and sensitivity compared to existing *** results on a diverse Arabic dataset collected from the‘X platform’demonstrate a notable increase in detection accuracy and sensitivity compared to existing methods.E-BERT shows a substantial improvement in performance,evidenced by an accuracy of 98.45%,precision of 99.17%,recall of 99.10%,and an F1 score of 99.14%.The proposed E-BERT not only addresses a critical gap in cyberbullying detection in Arabic online forums but also sets a precedent for applying cross-lingual pretrained models in regional language applications,offering a scalable and effective framework for enhancing online safety across Arabic-speaking communities.

关键词： Cyberbullying offensive detection Bidirectional Encoder Representations from the Transformers(BERT) continuous bag of words Social Media natural language processing

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An artificial systems,computational experiments and parallel execution-based surface electromyogram-driven anti-disturbance zeroing neurodynamic strategy for upper limb human-robot interaction control

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CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology 2024年第2期9卷 511-525页

作者： Yongbai Liu Keping Liu Gang Wang Jiliang Zhang Yao Chou Zhongbo Sun Department of Mechanical Engineering Changchun University of TechnologyChangchunChina Department of Control Engineering Changchun University of TechnologyChangchunChina School of Electrical and Information Engineering Jilin Engineering Normal UniversityChangchunChina College of Information Science and Engineering Northeastern UniversityShenyangChina Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Brigham Young UniversityProvoUtahUSA

In recent years,intelligent robots are extensively applied in the field of the industry and intelligent rehabilitation,wherein the human-robot interaction(HRI)control strategy is a momentous part that needs to be ***,the efficacy and robustness of the HRI control algorithm in the presence of unknown external disturbances deserve to be *** deal with these urgent issues,in this study,artificial systems,computational experiments and a parallel execution intelligent control framework are constructed for the HRI *** upper limb-robotic exoskeleton system is re-modelled as an artificial *** on surface electromyogram-based subject's active motion intention in the practical system,a non-convex function activated anti-disturbance zeroing neurodynamic(NC-ADZND)controller is devised in the artificial system for parallel interaction and HRI control with the practical ***,the linear activation function-based zeroing neurodynamic(LAF-ZND)controller and proportionalderivative(posterior deltoid(PD))controller are presented and *** results substantiate the global convergence and robustness of the proposed controller in the presence of different external *** addition,the simulation results verify that the NC-ADZND controller is better than the LAF-ZND and the PD controllers in respect of convergence order and anti-disturbance characteristics.

关键词： neural network pattern recognition robotics signal processing

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Performance *** Comparative Analysis of Multimodal Bilinear Pooling Fusion Approaches for Deep Learning-Based Visual Arabic-Question Answering systems

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computer Modeling in engineering & Sciences 2025年第4期143卷 373-411页

作者： Sarah M.Kamel Mai A.Fadel Lamiaa Elrefaei Shimaa I.Hassan Electrical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering at ShoubraBenha UniversityCairo11629Egypt Computer Science Department Faculty of Computing and Information TechnologyKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia Department of Computer and Systems Engineering Faculty of Engineering and TechnologyBadr University in Cairo(BUC)Cairo11829Egypt Communication Systems Engineering Department Faculty of EngineeringBenha National UniversityObour11846QalyubiaEgypt

Visual question answering(VQA)is a multimodal task,involving a deep understanding of the image scene and the question’s meaning and capturing the relevant correlations between both modalities to infer the appropriate *** this paper,we propose a VQA system intended to answer yes/no questions about real-world images,in *** support a robust VQA system,we work in two directions:(1)Using deep neural networks to semantically represent the given image and question in a fine-grainedmanner,namely ResNet-152 and Gated Recurrent Units(GRU).(2)Studying the role of the utilizedmultimodal bilinear pooling fusion technique in the *** the model complexity and the overall model *** fusion techniques could significantly increase the model complexity,which seriously limits their applicability for VQA *** far,there is no evidence of how efficient these multimodal bilinear pooling fusion techniques are for VQA systems dedicated to yes/no ***,a comparative analysis is conducted between eight bilinear pooling fusion techniques,in terms of their ability to reduce themodel complexity and improve themodel performance in this case of VQA *** indicate that these multimodal bilinear pooling fusion techniques have improved the VQA model’s performance,until reaching the best performance of 89.25%.Further,experiments have proven that the number of answers in the developed VQA system is a critical factor that *** the effectiveness of these multimodal bilinear pooling techniques in achieving their main objective of reducing the model *** Multimodal Local Perception Bilinear Pooling(MLPB)technique has shown the best balance between the model complexity and its performance,for VQA systems designed to answer yes/no questions.

关键词： Arabic-VQA deep learning-based VQA deep multimodal information fusion multimodal representation learning VQA of yes/no questions VQA model complexity VQA model performance performance-complexity trade-off

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Transaction transmission model for blockchain channels based on non-cooperative games

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Science China(information Sciences) 2023年第1期66卷 97-114页

作者： Peiyun ZHANG Chenxi LI Mengchu ZHOU Wenjun HUANG Abdullah ABUSORRAH Omaimah O.BAMASAG Engineering Research Center of Digital Forensics of Ministry of Education School of Computer and SoftwareNanjing University of Information Science and Technology School of Computer and Information Anhui Normal University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology Center of Research Excellence in Renewable Energy and Power Systems Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering and K.A.CARE Energy Research and Innovation CenterKing Abdulaziz University Department of Computer Science Faculty of Computing and Information Technology Center of Excellence in Smart Environment Research King Abdulaziz University

In blockchain networks, transactions can be transmitted through channels. The existing transmission methods depend on their routing information. If a node randomly chooses a channel to transmit a transaction, the transmission may be aborted due to insufficient funds(also called balance) or a low transmission rate. To increase the success rate and reduce transmission delay across all transactions, this work proposes a transaction transmission model for blockchain channels based on non-cooperative game *** balance, channel states, and transmission probability are fully considered. This work then presents an optimized channel transaction transmission algorithm. First, channel balances are analyzed and suitable channels are selected if their balance is sufficient. Second, a Nash equilibrium point is found by using an iterative sub-gradient method and its related channels are then used to transmit transactions. The proposed method is compared with two state-of-the-art approaches: Silent Whispers and Speedy Murmurs. Experimental results show that the proposed method improves transmission success rate, reduces transmission delay,and effectively decreases transmission overhead in comparison with its two competitive peers.

关键词： Blockchain channel transaction transmission channel balance channel state channel transmission probability non-cooperative game

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A QoS-aware routing approach for Internet of Things-enabled wireless sensor networks in smart cities

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第17期84卷 17951-17977页

作者： Karunkuzhali, D. Meenakshi, B. Lingam, Keerthi Department of Information Technology Panimalar Engineering College Chennai India Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Sri Sairam Engineering College Chennai India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Gitam University Visakhapatnam India

In the Internet of Things (IoT), optimizing machine performance through data analysis and improved connectivity is pivotal. Addressing the growing need for environmentally friendly IoT solutions, we focus on "green IoT." Quality in smart cities heavily relies on efficient data gathering and communication. In this study, we propose a novel software architecture tailored for data collection and communication in IoT-enabled smart applications, emphasizing sustainability from the outset. Specifically, for smart cities utilizing IoT-enabled wireless sensor networks, we introduce a Quality of Service (QoS)-aware routing strategy. In the data collection phase, we employ Chaotic Bird Swarm Optimization (CBSO) for creating IoT sensor clusters, accompanied by Improved Differential Search (IDS) to assess the reliability of individual sensor nodes, ultimately designating the most trusted node as the Cluster Head (CH). In the data transport phase, we implement lightweight signcryption to enhance the security of IoT sensor data. Furthermore, we employ an Optimal Data Routing (ODM) approach to compute the most efficient data transmission paths between source and destination nodes within the IoT network. Finally, the performance of our QoS-aware routing strategy is evaluated through network simulations using NS2 and compared against existing approaches, offering valuable insights into its effectiveness and suitability for smart city IoT applications. The main findings of the study indicate that the proposed QoS-aware routing strategy (QOS-AWARE ROUTING) consistently outperforms existing routing algorithms in terms of energy efficiency, network longevity, and latency, both in scenarios with varying sensor node density and over multiple cycles. Additionally, it demonstrates significant advantages, such as up to 90.8% less energy consumption, 66.8% longer network lifespan, and 80.1% reduced latency when compared to the benchmarked methods. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to S

关键词： Internet of things

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Utilizing Machine Learning and SHAP Values for Improved and Transparent Energy Usage Predictions

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computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第5期83卷 3553-3583页

作者： Faisal Ghazi Beshaw Thamir Hassan Atyia Mohd Fadzli Mohd Salleh Mohamad Khairi Ishak Abdul Sattar Din School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Universiti Sains MalaysiaSeberang Perai14300Malaysia Electrical Engineering Department Tikrit UniversityTikrit34001Iraq Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering College of Engineering and Information TechnologyAjman UniversityAjmanP.O.Box 346United Arab Emirates

The significance of precise energy usage forecasts has been highlighted by the increasing need for sustainability and energy efficiency across a range of *** order to improve the precision and openness of energy consumption projections,this study investigates the combination of machine learning(ML)methods with Shapley additive explanations(SHAP)*** study evaluates three distinct models:the first is a Linear Regressor,the second is a Support Vector Regressor,and the third is a Decision Tree Regressor,which was scaled up to a Random Forest Regressor/Additions made were the third one which was Regressor which was extended to a Random Forest *** models were deployed with the use of Shareable,Plot-interpretable Explainable Artificial Intelligence techniques,to improve trust in the *** findings suggest that our developedmodels are superior to the conventional models discussed in prior studies;with high Mean Absolute Error(MAE)and Root Mean Squared Error(RMSE)values being close to *** detail,the Random Forest Regressor shows the MAE of 0.001 for predicting the house prices whereas the SVR gives 0.21 of MAE and 0.24 *** outcomes reflect the possibility of optimizing the use of the promoted advanced AI models with the use of Explainable AI for more accurate prediction of energy consumption and at the same time for the models’decision-making procedures’*** addition to increasing prediction accuracy,this strategy gives stakeholders comprehensible insights,which facilitates improved decision-making and fosters confidence in AI-powered energy *** outcomes show how well ML and SHAP work together to enhance prediction performance and guarantee transparency in energy usage projections.

关键词： Renewable energy consumption machine learning explainable AI random forest support vector machine decision trees forecasting energy modeling

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