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World Engineering Education Forum (WEEF)

作者： Hsien-Sheng Hsiao Kuang-Chao Yu Yu-Shan Chang Yu-Hung Chien Kuen-Yi Lin Chien-Yu Lin Jyun-Chen Chen Jheng-Han Chen Yi-Wei Lin Department of technology Application and Human Resource Development National Taiwan Normal University Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9781538615249

Mechatronics is a interdisciplinary integrated course that covers the related knowledge of STEM among the subjects. Through the performance curriculum, it enables the student to know how to apply the knowledge of STEM on the work and solve the problems that they meet. Besides solving the problem, the design of the work also has to meet the needs of the users. Design thinking is a mode that centers on humans. We hope that through the integration of the strategy, the student will not just acquire the understanding and the application of the concept and the use of the tool, producing for no reason. Rather, they should start with the need to produce the work that meets the need. The study is a quasi-experimental design that is based on the unit of Mechatronics in high school sophomore's living technology class. It guides the student to use Arduino, LED, infrared sensor, buzzer, 3D printed automatic sensor light. The objects of the experiment are the high school sophomores in a high school in Taoyuan, Taiwan, and they have never learned design thinking mode and the related curriculums of STEM integration. The number of the participated people of the experimental group is 118, and the number of the control group is 96, with 3 to 4 people as a group. The curriculum totally runs for 4 weeks, and there are two classes (100 minutes) in a week. Before the curriculum starts, we do the pre-test of the achievement. The score of the work adopts the evaluation standard criteria, Creative Product Assessment Matrix(CpAm), which is evaluated together by the researchers and the cooperating teachers. Furthermore, we do the post-test of the achievement in the end of the curriculum, and the experimental group and the control group are both taught by the same teacher. The experimental group adopts the strategy of “Design thinking mode merges with STEM activity” to conduct the instruction, and the control group adopts “traditional practical activity”. After the instruction, we conduct the a

关键词： Mechatronics Production STEM Knowledge engineering Tools Engineering education Creativity

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STEAM-oriented Robot Insect Design Curriculum for K-12 Students

STEAM-oriented Robot Insect Design Curriculum for K-12 Stude...

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World Engineering Education Forum (WEEF)

作者： Yu-Hung Chien Yu-Shang Chang Hsien-Sheng Hsiao Kuen-Yi Lin Department of Technology Application and Human Resource Development National Taiwan Normal University Taipei TAIWAN

ISBN: (纸本)9781538615249

STEAM adds art to the STEM curriculum may interest more students to STEM fields, help students to excel in the higher education, and promote imagination and creativity. Hence, STEAM has been increasingly recognized as an emerging and vital area of K-12 educational studies. This study developed a STEAM-oriented robotic insect design curriculum using an engineering design process and digital manufacturing tools for K-12 students. After developing the curriculum, we implemented the curriculum and observed students' performance. The method of the curriculum development used in the present study may be a sample for the design and development of engineering design curricula to assist K-12 students' learning related to STEAM subjects.

关键词： Robots Art Insects Three-dimensional displays STEM Creativity

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The Influence of Positive Traits of University Students on Individual Creativity

The Influence of Positive Traits of University Students on I...

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2017 3rd International Conference on Creative Education (ICCE 2017)

作者： Shang-pin Li Ying-hsiang Lin Chien-yu Lu Ruey-gwo Chung Der-fa Chen Jian-shen Chen Wen-chih Chou Department of Industrial Education and Technology Changhua University of Education Department of Human Resource Management and Development Hsiuping University of Science and Technology

With the advent of a knowledge-based economy, innovation can be regarded as a series of process of knowledge production, use and dissemination. Creativity is the source of innovation. The cultivation of creativity and innovative capability is a means to develop and strengthen higher education and cultivate human resource that the society needs. Positive psychology is a factor to elevate competition among higher education institutions, and it can assist college students to improve their knowledge, potential and contribution. This study developed creative courses for sophomore students in a university of science and technology in central Taiwan(187 students in total). According to the score of the "positive traits scale", this study took the first 60 students of positive traits as the experiment group and the last 60 of negative traits as the control group. The results showed that the total creativity score of students of positive traits is significantly better than the control group students. It is evident that the creative course has a direct effect on students' creativity. It is suggested that universities should continue to promote creative course to improve student's competence.

关键词： Positive traits Creativity Torrance tests of creative thinking

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Causes of blindness and vision impairment in 2020 and trends over 30 years, and prevalence of avoidable blindness in relation to VISION 2020: the Right to Sight: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study (vol 2, pg 144, 2021)

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LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH 2021年第4期9卷 E408-E408页

作者： Steinmetz, Jaimie D. Vision and Eye Research Institute Anglia Ruskin University Cambridge United Kingdom Biomedical Informatics Seoul National University Hospital Seoul South Korea Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Institute of Health Services Research Yonsei University Seoul South Korea Department of Ophthalmology University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Mathematics Imperial College London London United Kingdom WHO Collaborating Centre for Public Health Education and Training Imperial College London London United Kingdom Department of Primary Care and Public Health Imperial College London London United Kingdom School of Population and Global Health University of Melbourne Carlton VIC Australia School of Optometry and Vision Science UNSW Sydney NSW Australia Brien Holden Vision Institute Sydney Australia Department of Ophthalmology University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia Department of Parasitology and Mycology Jahrom University of Medical Sciences Jahrom Iran Department of Clinical Sciences University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Ophthalmic Research Center Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Ophthalmology Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Ophthalmic Epidemiology Research Center Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Health Services Management Department Qazvin University of Medical Sciences Qazvin Iran Department of Systems Populations and Leadership University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI United States Department of Medicine Sofia Ismail Memorial Medical Centre Bogura Bangladesh The Fred Hollows Foundation Sydney NSW Australia Berhan Public Health & Eye Care Consultancy Addis A

Hospital El Salvador: a novel paradigm of intensive care in response to COVID-19 in central America. Lancet Glob Health 2021;9: e241?42?In this Comment, the conflict of interest statement should have included the following: ?By virtue of their roles within a public hospital or the Ministry of Health, MB, LC, WH, and XS are government employees. The findings and conclusions in the Comment are only those of the authors.? This correction has been made as of Feb 26, 2021.

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The effects of a dynamic repertory grid for peer assessment: Peer assessment of computer software application certificate practice 5

The effects of a dynamic repertory grid for peer assessment:...

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5th IIAI International Congress on Advanced Applied Informatics, IIAI-AAI 2016

作者： Hsu, Ting-Chia Department of Technology Application and Human Resource Development National Taiwan Normal University Taipei Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9781467389853

This study developed a novel peer assessment system from the approach of knowledge engineering. Gathering information from experts, a dynamic repertory grid was created as a peer assessment form to be used in a computer skills class taught in a vocational school. This form is dynamic in that it allows student reviewers to select personalized assessment criteria from a bank of items, causing students to reflect on the purpose of the assignment being reviewed and how to best characterize the performance of the student completing the assignment as well as providing ample feedback for students. The results compared the performance of the students using the proposed system with that of the ones using conventional approaches, and found that those who applied the proposed approach learned better and made significant improvement. © 2016 IEEE.

关键词： Students

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Identification of cytochrome b5 CYTB-5.1 and CYTB-5.2 in ***;evidence for differential regulation of SCD

Identification of cytochrome b5 CYTB-5.1 and CYTB-5.2 in ***...

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第五届中国秀丽线虫大会

作者： Baoshen He Jingjing Zhang Yanli Wang Yamei Li Mingyi Li Huilai Miao Xiaoju Zou Bin Liang Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan province Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of Sciences Kunming College of Life Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University School of Life Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Department of Life Science and Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Special Biological Resource Development and Utilization of University in Yunnan ProvinceKunming University

Unsaturated fatty acids(UFAs) play crucial roles in living organisms regarding development,energy metabolism,stress resistance,*** biosynthesis of UFAs starts from the introduction of the first double bond by stearoyl... 详细信息

关键词： Identification of cytochrome b5 CYTB-5.1 and CYTB-5.2 in C.elegans evidence for differential regulation of SCD

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African leadership in brain diplomacy: The Yaoundé declaration advances the global brain economy playbook for better brain health

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Neuroscience 2025年 577卷 161-174页

作者： Njamnshi, Alfred Kongnyu Fame Ndongo, Jacques Ngoh Ngoh, Ferdinand Mbella Mbella, Lejeune Ghogomu, Paul M. Fouda, Séraphin M. Ondoa Obama, Marie-Thérèse A. Tchuinte, Madeleine Ousmane Mey, Alamine Manaouda, Malachie Beti Assomo, Joseph Sadi, René E. Motaze, Louis-Paul Nganou Djoumessi, Emmanuel Li Likeng, Minette Libom Nalova Lyonga, Pauline E. Etoundi Ngoa, Laurent S. Foutsou, Mounouna Mouelle Kombi, Narcisse Tchiroma, Bakary Issa Owona, Grégoire Ayissi, Henri Eyebe Balungeli, Confiance Ebune Hele, Pierre Fuh, Calistus G. Fomundam Mbah Acha, Rose N. Bidoung Kpwatt, Pierre I. Mbayu, Felix Tasong, Paul N. Momo, Jean de Dieu Doh, Jérôme P. Bayaola, Boniface Kilo, Vivian A. Abouem à Tchoyi, David Njeuma, Dorothy L. Tamfu, Simon F. Angwafo III, Fru F. Chumbow, Sammy B. Etoua, Remy M. Omgba, Richard L. Ngomo Manga, Horace Tsafack Nanfosso, Roger Chan, Andrew Etoa, François-Xavier Zambo, Joseph Marie B. Mah, Evelyn M. Tommo Monthe, Michel Eheth, Salomon Monono, Churchill Biffot, Paul P. Gabsa, Wilfred Cheka, Cosmas Echu, George Bella, Achille E. Njock, Louis Richard Fongod, Augustina G.N. Ndongo, Daniel U. Leke, Rose F.G. Pondi, Jean E. Fieggen, Graham Shehu, Bello B. Ayadi, Rym Merali, Zul Yusuf, Sadiq Apeagyei, Angela Esi Ranchod, Kirti Salama, Mohamed Atangana, Abdon Ngokeu, Eddy Ndifon, Wilfred Tiahou, Georges Tchoua, Romain Korsten, Lise Ibanez, Agustin Singh, Gagandeep Abdullah, Jafri M. Dhamija, Rajinder K. Ihunwo, Amadi O. Mbarika, Victor W.A. Mbah, David Njamnshi, Wepnyu Y. Ngarka, Leonard Ahidjo, Nene Njitung, Caleb Siewe Fodjo, Joseph N. Seke Etet, Paul F. Tsiagadigui, Jean Gustave Bissek, Anne-Cécile Z.K. Bella, Assumpta L. Mbanya, Jean Claude Ndjolo, Alexis Djientcheu, Vincent de Paul Ntone, Felicien E. Luma, Henry N. Mboudou, Emile Kasia, Jean Marie Leke, Robert J.I. Um Meka, Esther Ngo Ashuntantang, Gloria Ngaroua Bum, Elizabeth Ngo Njoya, Oudou Mbacham, Wilfred F. Ongolo-Zogo, Pierre Chabwine, Joelle N. Fongang, Bernard Vulliemoz, Serge Perrig, Stephen Sztajzel, Roman Annoni, Jean Marie Chakraborty, Sar Brain Research Africa Initiative (BRAIN) Cameroon & Geneva Switzerland Society of Cameroonian Neurologists (SCAN) The University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon World Federation of Neurology Delegate for Cameroon Cameroon Office of the Minister of State Minister of Higher Education Yaoundé Cameroon Office of the Minister of State Secretary General Presidency of The Republic of Cameroon Yaoundé Cameroon Office of the Minister of External Relations Yaoundé Cameroon Office of the Minister i/c of Special Duties Presidency of The Republic of Cameroon Yaoundé Cameroon Office of the Minister Secretary General Prime Minister's Office Yaoundé Cameroon Office of the Minister of Women's Empowerment and the Family Yaoundé Cameroon Office of the Minister of Scientific Research and Innovation Yaoundé Cameroon Office of the Minister of the Economy Planning and Regional Development Yaoundé Cameroon Office of the Minister of Public Health Yaoundé Cameroon Office of the Minister Delegate i/c of Defense Presidency of The Republic of Cameroon Yaoundé Cameroon Office the Minister of Communication Yaoundé Cameroon Office the Minister of Finance Yaoundé Cameroon Office the Minister of Public Works Yaoundé Cameroon Office the Minister of Post and Telecommunication Yaoundé Cameroon Office the Minister of Secondary Education Yaoundé Cameroon Office the Minister of Basic Education Yaoundé Cameroon Office the Minister of Youth and Civic Education Yaoundé Cameroon Office the Minister of Sports and Physical Education Yaoundé Cameroon Office the Minister of Professional Training Yaoundé Cameroon Office the Minister of Employment and Social Security Yaoundé Cameroon Office the Minister of State Property and Land Tenure Yaoundé Cameroon Office of the Minister Director of Cabinet Prime Minister's Office Yaoundé Cameroon Office the Minister of Environment Nature Protection and Sustainable Development Yaoundé Cameroon Office the Minister of Mines Energy and Technological Development

Africa, the world's second-largest continent is home to 1.5 billion people, accounting for nearly 20% of the global population, (60% under age 25). By 2050, Africa's population will be 2.5 billion, and by 2035, more young Africans will be entering the workforce each year than in the rest of the world combined. Africa also hosts a rich social, cultural, and geopolitical diversity across its 5 geopolitical zones covering 54 countries. It is the most genetically, culturally, and linguistically diverse region on the planet. However, Africa's contribution to the global economy could be more significant if it urgently embraces the brain economy and leads in the development of new methodologies and approaches which can be exported around the world. In this paper, we explain our strategy to advance the Yaoundé Declaration for the Brain Economy, Brain Health, and Brain Capital. The Declaration has been endorsed by Cameroon's President, His Excellency Paul Biya, and demonstrates African leadership in global brain and society innovations, laying out a roadmap for how Africa can outcompete other economies by deftly deploying brain science-inspired policies and investments. We outline a new economic approach for African jobs, economic growth, sustainability, resilience, health, and well-being. The brain economy offers a broader framework than the current sustainable development goals (SDG) agenda. The Yaoundé Declaration is trans-disciplinary and cross-cutting across sectors: 32 sitting members of government from different sectors having co-authored this paper. It aligns with many aspects of the United Nations Pact for the Future and can accelerate the SDG. © 2025

关键词： Brain capital Brain economy Brain Health Green, digital care and bioeconomy transitions Neurodiplomacy Policy

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Subnational mapping of HIV incidence and mortality among individuals aged 15–49 years in sub-Saharan Africa, 2000–18: a modelling study

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The Lancet HIV 2021年第6期8卷 e363-e375页

作者： Sartorius, Benn VanderHeide, John D. Yang, Mingyou Goosmann, Erik A. Hon, Julia Haeuser, Emily Cork, Michael A. Perkins, Samantha Jahagirdar, Deepa Schaeffer, Lauren E. Serfes, Audrey L. LeGrand, Kate E. Abbastabar, Hedayat Abebo, Zeleke Hailemariam Abosetugn, Akine Eshete Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou Adebayo, Oladimeji M. Adegbosin, Adeyinka Emmanuel Adekanmbi, Victor Adetokunboh, Olatunji O. Adeyinka, Daniel Adedayo Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku Ahmadi, Keivan Ahmed, Muktar Beshir Akalu, Yonas Akinyemi, Oluwaseun Oladapo Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola Aklilu, Addis Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet Alahdab, Fares Al-Aly, Ziyad Alam, Noore Alamneh, Alehegn Aderaw Alanzi, Turki M. Alemu, Biresaw Wassihun Alhassan, Robert Kaba Ali, Tilahun Alipour, Vahid Amini, Saeed Ancuceanu, Robert Ansari, Fereshteh Anteneh, Zelalem Alamrew Anvari, Davood Anwer, Razique Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw Arabloo, Jalal Asemahagn, Mulusew A. Asghari Jafarabadi, Mohammad Asmare, Wondwossen Niguse Atnafu, Desta Debalkie Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi Atreya, Alok Ausloos, Marcel Awedew, Atalel Fentahun Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayanore, Martin Amogre Aynalem, Yared Asmare Ayza, Muluken Altaye Azari, Samad Azene, Zelalem Nigussie Babar, Zaheer-Ud-Din Baig, Atif Amin Balakrishnan, Senthilkumar Banach, Maciej Bärnighausen, Till Winfried Basu, Sanjay Bayati, Mohsen Bedi, Neeraj Bekuma, Tariku Tesfaye Bezabhe, Woldesellassie M. Mequanint Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhattacharyya, Krittika Bhutta, Zulfiqar A. Bibi, Sadia Bikbov, Boris Birhan, Tsegaye Adane Bitew, Zebenay Workneh Bockarie, Moses John Boloor, Archith Brady, Oliver J. Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi Briko, Andrey Nikolaevich Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich Burugina Nagaraja, Sharath Butt, Zahid A. Cárdenas, Rosario Carvalho, Felix Charan, Jaykaran Chatterjee, Souranshu Chattu, Soosanna Kumary Chattu, Vijay Kumar Chowdhury, Mohiuddin Ahsanul Kabir Chu, Dinh-Toi Cook, Aubrey J. Cormier, Natalie Maria Cowden, Richard G. Culquichicon, Carlos Dagnew, Baye Dahlawi, Saad M.A. D Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health Nuffield Department of Medicine University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Malaria Atlas Project University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom The George Institute for Global Health University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Global Health University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Insights Program Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation Seattle WA United States Global Programs Medical Teams International Seattle WA United States Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston MA United States Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Multiple Sclerosis Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Environmental Health Engineering Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Research Center for Immunodeficiencies Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Public Health Arba Minch University Arba Minch Ethiopia Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences Arba Minch University Arba Minch Ethiopia College of Medicine and Health Science Arba Minch University Arba Minch Ethiopia Department of Nursing Arba Minch University Arba Minch Ethiopia Department of Biomedical Sciences Arba Minch University Arba Minch Ethiopia Department of Public Health Debre Berhan University Debre Brehan

Background: High-resolution estimates of HIV burden across space and time provide an important tool for tracking and monitoring the progress of prevention and control efforts and assist with improving the precision and efficiency of targeting efforts. We aimed to assess HIV incidence and HIV mortality for all second-level administrative units across sub-Saharan Africa. Methods: In this modelling study, we developed a framework that used the geographically specific HIV prevalence data collected in seroprevalence surveys and antenatal care clinics to train a model that estimates HIV incidence and mortality among individuals aged 15–49 years. We used a model-based geostatistical framework to estimate HIV prevalence at the second administrative level in 44 countries in sub-Saharan Africa for 2000–18 and sought data on the number of individuals on antiretroviral therapy (ART) by second-level administrative unit. We then modified the Estimation and Projection Package (EPP) to use these HIV prevalence and treatment estimates to estimate HIV incidence and mortality by second-level administrative unit. Findings: The estimates suggest substantial variation in HIV incidence and mortality rates both between and within countries in sub-Saharan Africa, with 15 countries having a ten-times or greater difference in estimated HIV incidence between the second-level administrative units with the lowest and highest estimated incidence levels. Across all 44 countries in 2018, HIV incidence ranged from 2·8 (95% uncertainty interval 2·1–3·8) in Mauritania to 1585·9 (1369·4–1824·8) cases per 100 000 people in Lesotho and HIV mortality ranged from 0·8 (0·7–0·9) in Mauritania to 676·5 (513·6–888·0) deaths per 100 000 people in Lesotho. Variation in both incidence and mortality was substantially greater at the subnational level than at the national level and the highest estimated rates were accordingly higher. Among second-level administrative units, Guijá District, Gaza Province, Mozambique,

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Author Correction: Nrf2 contributes to the weight gain of mice during space travel

Communications biology

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Communications biology 2020年第1期3卷 566页

作者： Takafumi Suzuki Akira Uruno Akane Yumoto Keiko Taguchi Mikiko Suzuki Nobuhiko Harada Rie Ryoke Eriko Naganuma Nanae Osanai Aya Goto Hiromi Suda Ryan Browne Akihito Otsuki Fumiki Katsuoka Michael Zorzi Takahiro Yamazaki Daisuke Saigusa Seizo Koshiba Takashi Nakamura Satoshi Fukumoto Hironobu Ikehata Keizo Nishikawa Norio Suzuki Ikuo Hirano Ritsuko Shimizu Tetsuya Oishi Hozumi Motohashi Hirona Tsubouchi Risa Okada Takashi Kudo Michihiko Shimomura Thomas W Kensler Hiroyasu Mizuno Masaki Shirakawa Satoru Takahashi Dai Shiba Masayuki Yamamoto Department of Medical Biochemistry Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Sendai Japan. Department of Integrative Genomics Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization Tohoku University Sendai Japan. JEM Utilization Center Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate JAXA Tsukuba Japan. The Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine (INGEM) Tohoku University Sendai Japan. Center for Radioisotope Sciences Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Sendai Japan. Institute for Animal Experimentation Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Sendai Japan. Department of Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Development Aging and Cancer Tohoku University Sendai Japan. Department of Molecular Hematology Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Sendai Japan. Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences University of Turin 10125 Torino Italy. Division of Molecular Pharmacology & Cell Biophysics Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry Sendai Japan. Division of Pediatric Dentistry Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry Sendai Japan. Immunology Frontier Research Center Osaka University Suita Japan. Division of Oxygen Biology Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Sendai Japan. Department of Gene Expression Regulation Institute of Development Aging and Cancer Tohoku University Sendai Japan. Laboratory Animal Resource Center in Transborder Medical Research Center and Department of Anatomy and Embryology Faculty of Medicine University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Japan. Translational Research Program Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Seattle WA USA. JEM Utilization Center Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate JAXA Tsukuba Japan. shiba.dai@jaxa.jp. Department of Medical Biochemistry Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Sendai Japan. masiyamamoto@med.tohoku.ac.jp. Department of Integrative Genomics Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization Tohoku University Sendai Japan. masiyamamoto@med.toho

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

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Soft System Methodology as a Tool to Understand Issues of Governmental Affordable Housing Programme of India: A Case Study Approach

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Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series A 2016年第3期97卷 343-354页

作者： Ghosh, Sukanya Roy, Souvanic Sanyal, Manas Kumar Housing and Urban Development Corporation Ltd. HUDCO Bhawan Lodhi Road New Delhi India Department of Architecture Town and Regional Planning Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology Shibpur Howrah India Department of Human Resource Management Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology Shibpur Howrah India

With the help of a case study, the article has explored current practices of implementation of governmental affordable housing programme for urban poor in a slum of India. This work shows that the issues associated with the problems of governmental affordable housing programme has to be addressed to with a suitable methodology as complexities are not only dealing with quantitative data but qualitative data also. The Hard System Methodologies (HSM), which is conventionally applied to address the issues, deals with real and known problems which can be directly solved. Since most of the issues of affordable housing programme as found in the case study are subjective and complex in nature, Soft System Methodology (SSM) has been tried for better representation from subjective points of views. The article explored drawing of Rich Picture as an SSM approach for better understanding and analysing complex issues and constraints of affordable housing programme so that further exploration of the issues is possible. © 2016, The Institution of Engineers (India).

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