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Precursor-Dependent Formation of Iron Pyrite and its Application as Supercapacitor Electrode Material

Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series C 2023年第4期104卷 829-837页

作者： Shit, Subhasis Samanta, Prakas Murmu, Naresh Chandra Khanra, Partha Kuila, Tapas Surface Engineering and Tribology Division CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute West Bengal Durgapur India CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre Uttar Pradesh Ghaziabad India Department of Applied Sciences Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology Chitkara University Punjab Patiala India

The on-going energy crisis and environmental pollution have motivated the scientific community to develop a sustainable energy technology. The energy storage is one of the main focus areas in this development process and supercapacitors are gaining significant research importance on that context. The electrode material of a supercapacitor plays a crucial role in its charge storage capability. Fe–S based materials are cheap owing to their high natural abundance and shows high specific capacitance value. One-pot hydrothermal reaction is the widely used procedure for synthesizing transition metal sulfides;however, there exists the possibility of impurity formation in this process. The Fe2+ and Fe3+ salts are the common precursors of Fe and two extensively utilized S-sources are Na2S and thiourea. Four different iron pyrite samples were synthesized by varying the reaction precursor and this variation regulated the phase purity and morphology of the final product. The combination of Fe2+ and thiourea was more suitable for synthesizing pure FeS2 and little to higher amount of Fex−1Sx impurity was formed in other three cases. The charge transfer and ion diffusivity of FeS2 decreased with the incorporation of Fex−1Sx, which diminished its specific capacitance. The superiorly active pyrite-based electrode material achieved ~ 1142 F g−1 at a current density of 2 A g−1. This investigation revealed the necessity of choosing accurate precursors for synthesizing electrode material through a one-pot hydrothermal reaction. © 2021, The Institution of Engineers (India).

关键词： Supercapacitor

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Engagement, Academic Emotions, and Artificial Intelligence Application Creativity in the Metaverse: A Study of Facial Expressions

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Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 2025年第3期41卷

作者： Chang, Yu-Shan Department of Technology Application and Human Resource Development National Taiwan Normal University Taipei Taiwan

Background: Due to the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) and the widespread adoption of online learning post-COVID-19, the metaverse has become an important strategy for innovative teaching. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the impact of the metaverse on learning engagement, learning emotions, and creative performance in AI applications by analysing academic emotions through facial expressions. Methods: The study was conducted as a non-equivalent group pretest–posttest quasi-experimental construct involving 97 students from a public high school. The experimental teaching theme focused on AI image recognition and speech recognition, with the experimental group receiving online metaverse instruction and the control group receiving instruction through Google Meet. Results and Conclusion: Key findings include the following: the metaverse significantly and positively influenced cognitive, emotional, and social dimensions of learning engagement, but no impact was observed on the behavioural dimension;the metaverse had a substantial impact on the creative performance of AI application design, particularly in the empathy, definition, ideation, and testing stages;and the metaverse significantly affected academic emotions, with increased expressions of anger and sadness observed, particularly during the empathy, definition, and ideation stages of design thinking. Thus, the results of this study provide a pedagogical foundation for the adoption of the metaverse and auxiliary tools in teaching. © 2025 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

关键词： academic emotions AI creativity engagement facial expression metaverse steam

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Effects of voice assistant creation using different learning approaches on performance of computational thinking

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Computers and Education 2023年 192卷

作者： Hsu, Ting-Chia Chang, Ching Lin, Yi-Wei Department of Technology Application and Human Resource Development National Taiwan Normal University Taiwan

Designing artificial intelligence (AI) artefact learning has gone beyond command-line-based instruction, to include a low-barrier threshold with block-based programming. Such instructional design must not solely emphasise AI workings. Rather, it must offer students computational thinking (CT) practice to support their AI-related artefact creation while reducing their AI anxiety about future job replacement or sociotechnical blindness. In this study, this research explored an experiential learning approach to improve CT along with AI application capabilities when engaging undergraduate students in creating a voice assistant application (VA app). A total of 56 students participated in the study. The control group (CG) of 26 students used a conventional subject-based learning method, while the experimental group (EG) of 30 students adopted an experiential learning method. This study aimed to examine the differences in the learning achievement of CT and AI concept, as well as the perspectives of AI anxiety, and CT;in the meanwhile, this study analysed the students' learning behaviours using sequential behavioural analysis to discuss the learning process. Results showed that the CT ability of the EG was better than that of the CG, although no significant difference was found between the two groups’ AI concepts and anxiety. The behaviour analysis also revealed that the EG students were willing to ask more questions, and conducted their VA evaluation, whereas the CG students were inclined to focus on the input and output of knowledge, and replicated what the teacher presented. Suggestions and implications are given for future research. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Artificial intelligence

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Developing student imagination and career interest through a STEM project using 3D printing with repetitive modeling

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Interactive Learning Environments 2023年第5期31卷 2884-2898页

作者： Lin, Kuen-Yi Lu, Shao-Chuan Hsiao, Hsien-Hsien Kao, Chia-Pin Williams, P. John Department of Technology Application and Human Resource Development and Institute for Research Excellence in Learning Sciences National Taiwan Normal University Taipei City Taiwan New Taipei Municipal Yonghe Junior High School New Taipei City Taiwan Department of Technology Application and Human Resource Development Chinese Language and Technology Center Institute for Research Excellence in Learning Sciences Higher Education Sprout Project Ministry of Education (MOE) National Taiwan Normal University Taipei City Taiwan Department of Child Care and Education Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology Tainan City Taiwan Graduate Research in the School of Education Curtin University Perth Australia

Over the past few years, digital fabrication has been utilized in technology laboratories to emphasize hands-on learning processes in technology and engineering education. Recent studies indicate that hands-on activities can help students connect with science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines and develop key skills required in the 21st century. However, some argue that introducing 3D printing technology in schools could reduce pragmatic engagement and cause affective loss of hands-on interests. To explore the use of 3D printing machines in technology and engineering education, this research developed a STEM-based vibration isolator activity using a 3D printer and repetitive modeling. A nonequivalent control group design was employed in this research, and 192 Taiwanese high school students participated in this study. The conclusions are: (1) repetitive modeling in the STEM-based design activity enhanced student imagination;(2) repetitive modeling was effective in developing high school students’ interest in technology and engineering careers;and (3) repetitive modeling, engineering design, and “conceiving imagination” were significant predictors of the students’ final products. These results suggest a benefit to high school technology education of using 3D printers in a STEM-based vibration isolator design activity with repetitive modeling. © 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

关键词： 3D printing career interest imaginative capability repetitive modeling STEM

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Learners’ positive and negative emotion, various cognitive processing, and cognitive effectiveness and efficiency in situated task-centered digital game-based learning with different scaffolds

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Interactive Learning Environments 2024年第9期32卷 5058-5077页

作者： Chang, Chi-Cheng Yang, Szu-Ting Department of Technology Application & Human Resource Development National Taiwan Normal University Taipei Taiwan

This study aimed to investigate the differences in learners' emotion, cognitive load, and cognitive performance among various scaffolding DGBLs, and the influences of emotion and cognitive load on cognitive performance when using DGBLs. Participants were 97 adult learners from some community college, randomly divided into the control group with 32 participants using non-scaffolding DGBL, the experimental group I with 34 participants using hard scaffolding DGBL, and the experimental group II with 31 participants using soft scaffolding DGBL. Results revealed: 1. positive emotion, germane cognitive load, and cognitive effectiveness and efficiency in scaffolding DGBL were significantly higher than those in non-scaffolding DGBL;negative emotion and extraneous cognitive load were significantly lower than those in non-scaffolding DGBL;2. positive emotion in soft scaffolding DGBL was better than that in hard scaffolding DGBL, whereas there were no significant differences in negative emotion between both scaffolding DGBLs;3. taking soft and hard scaffolding DGBLs together, positive emotion and germane cognitive load positively influenced cognitive effectiveness or efficiency;negative emotion, and intrinsic and extraneous cognitive load negatively influenced cognitive effectiveness or efficiency. Practical and theoretical suggestions were raised as references for researchers and teachers. © 2023 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

关键词： cognitive efficiency Cognitive load digital game-based learning emotion scaffolding

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Effects of virtual reality on creativity performance and perceived immersion: A study of brain waves

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British Journal of Educational technology 2023年第2期54卷 581-602页

作者： Wang, Yen-Yin Weng, Tz-Han Tsai, I-Fan Kao, Jing-Yueh Chang, Yu-Shan Department of Technology Application and Human Resource Development National Taiwan Normal University Taipei Taiwan

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of virtual reality (VR) application on creative performance and immersion, evaluated through electroencephalography brain wave data to achieve accurate and robust results. In this study, 72 middle school teachers were recruited as participants, and a non-randomized control-group pre-test–post-test design was employed. The experimental group received VR-based design instruction, and the control group received lecture-based design training. Our results revealed that VR significantly affects immersion, especially with regard to attention. Additionally, VR had a positive effect on the feasibility of the creative process, although its effects on variety and novelty were inconclusive. VR was significantly correlated with theta, beta, and gamma brain wave activity. VR also increased attention-related and meditation-related brain wave activity and desynchronized alpha waves. Practitioner notes: What is already known about this topic VR is used in many areas. VR in education is getting more important day after day. What this paper adds VR significantly affects immersion, especially with regard to attention. VR had a positive effect on the feasibility of the creative process, although its effects on variety and novelty were inconclusive. VR was significantly correlated with theta, beta, and gamma brain wave activity. VR also increased attention-related and meditation-related brain wave activity and desynchronized alpha waves. Implications for practice and/or policy User lack of familiarity with VR may also have influenced the results;more VR learning materials should be provided for learners. In addition to using a larger sample, future studies should focus on creative novelty when developing VR content to improve creative processes and outcomes. Familiarizing learners with the use of VR could effectively reduce the cognitive load, as well as contribute to the stimulation of creative brain waves. © 2022 British Educational

关键词： Virtual reality

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Enhanced engineering design behaviour using chatbots with user experience

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Behaviour and Information technology 2023年第12期42卷 2030-2041页

作者： Chien, Yu-Hung Yao, Chun-Kai Department of Technology Application and Human Resource Development National Taiwan Normal University Taipei Taiwan

In recent years, both industrialists and scholars have come to believe that involving users in the design process is the basis for ensuring design innovation and successful product development. However, practical restrictions of time, budget, and location may inhibit users’ long-term participation at teaching sites. With the development of emergent chatbot technology, the aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility that students practice interacting with chatbots who incorporate multiple real-life users’ experiences with products and product-specific knowledge in the classroom for exempting from time and accessibility constraints. We conducted an experiment using a design workshop to compare the student groups with respect to their interactions with chatbots, with target customers, and with no users while they generated design concepts. The quality of the three student groups’ design concepts and the differences of their design behaviours were compared. The outcomes of this study indicate that the chatbot group exhibited more significant transitions of engineering design behaviours and better design concept score than that the target-user and no-user group did. Chatbots incorporate user experience may provide students with opportunities to practice extracting information from users with the aim of promoting the success of the design process. © 2022 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

关键词： Students

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The Artificial Intelligence Learning Anxiety and Self-Efficacy of In-Service Teachers Taking AI Training Courses

The Artificial Intelligence Learning Anxiety and Self-Effica...

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International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Education (ICAIE)

作者： Ting-Chia Hsu Tai-Ping Hsu Yi-Ting Lin Department of Technology Application and Human Resource Development National Taiwan Normal University Taipei Taiwan

This research explored the degree of learning self-efficacy of machine learning experience (MLSE) and artificial intelligence learning anxiety (AILA) of elementary and junior high school teachers. The participants were in-service teachers in the technology domain. This research applied the AI2 Robot City, which is a computational thinking board game, to in-service teacher education. The learning content was image classification for AI application. Elementary and junior high school teachers operated the MIT App Inventor(MAI) and Personal Image Classifier(PIC) platform, and trained the model for practicing AI to implement supervised machine learning on the PIC platform. The learners then inserted the model they had trained into the block-based programming environment of MAI. They completed the smart phone app and used the app to recognize the board game cards so as to control the movement of the smart cars on the table map to meet the requirements of the task in the AI2 Robot City board game. In order to understand affective factors such as the self-efficacy and learning anxiety of the elementary and middle school teachers participating in the AI teacher training workshop, the MLSE and AILA scales were administered before and after the classes. A total of 28 samples were collected. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the MLSE of the elementary and junior high school teachers. However, the average AILA degree of the junior high school teachers was significantly higher than that of the elementary school teachers. It was found that AILA was significantly negatively correlated with MLSE. The elementary and junior high school teachers were confident that they could study AI-related courses. However, the AILA of the junior high school teachers was higher than that of the elementary school teachers. Therefore, more teacher training workshops on AI application can be conducted for junior high school teachers to generally improve their familiari

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“It’s in [Their] Roots”: A Critical Race Discourse Analysis of Media Accounts Depicting Black Hair Discrimination in K-12 School

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Urban Review 2024年第1期56卷 35-58页

作者： James-Gallaway, Chaddrick D. James-Gallaway, ArCasia D. Griffin, Autumn A. Department of Educational Administration and Human Resource Development Texas A&M University 511 Harrington Tower College Station TX United States Department of Teaching Learning and Culture Texas A&M University College Station TX United States Department of Middle-Secondary Education and Instructional Technology Georgia State University Atlanta GA United States

As many U.S. school administrators create policies around hair, many often neglect to consider racial differences, especially those pertaining to hair care and maintenance styles. News media outlets have recently highlighted the ways schools create and sustain racially biased policies and schooling environments, demonstrating the media’s role in promoting awareness of schools’ mistreatment of Black children. This study examines media reports that shed light on these dynamics, focusing on urban/metropolitan areas in Texas, Louisiana, Florida, and Massachusetts. We ask: What do news media accounts—explicitly and implicitly—reveal about Black children and their families' experiences with hair policies in K-12 schools? We take up critical race discourse analysis to examine selected news media accounts of four recent, high profile (i.e., viral) events of Black students’ experiences with hair policies in K-12 U.S. schools. Analysis of our data revealed that Black students face undue discrimination due to schools’ hair policies, and that they and their families reject antiBlack constructions of Black hair care practices and styles. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2023.

关键词： AntiBlackness Black hair Critical race discourse analysis Critical race theory Educational policy

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Using AI Cognitive Diagnosis Embedded in a Game-Based Learning Environment

Using AI Cognitive Diagnosis Embedded in a Game-Based Learni...

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IEEE International Conference on Big Data

作者： Lin-Jung Wu Department of Technology Application and Human Resource Development National Taiwan Normal University Taipei Taiwan R.O.C

ISBN: (数字)9798350362480

ISBN: (纸本)9798350362497

The aim of this study was to develop a game-based environment with embedded AI cognitive diagnosis to deliver personalized instruction to learners. The system identified participants' possible misconceptions using a Bayesian network. Corresponding learning games based on their misconceptions were then provided to the learners. This research compared the effects of AI cognitive diagnosis in a game-based learning environment to those in a multimedia learning environment. A quasi-experimental design was used in the experiments, with fifty-six secondary school students as participants. The results showed that the accuracy of the concept diagnosis system was 90.8% (expert judgment). The personalized learning outcomes of students in the game-based learning environment were superior to those engaged in multimedia problem-solving tasks. The results implied that the game-based learning with cognitive diagnosis mechanism plays an important role in enhancing problem-solving skills, learning motivation, misconception correction, and flow experience.

关键词： Learning systems Accuracy Games Big Data Cognitive load Bayes methods Error correction Problem-solving

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