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International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： Jongwan Kim Jesung Ahn Chong Sang Kim Heeyeung Hwang Seongwon Cho Department of Computer Engineering Seoul National University Seoul Kyunggi South Korea Department of Electronics Engineering Hoseo University South Korea Department of Electrical and Control Engineering Hong Ik University Seoul Kyunggi South Korea

ISBN: (纸本)0780317750

An ensemble of neural networks with competitive learning and consensus schemes is proposed. Conventional learning methods utilize all the dimensions of the original input patterns. However, a particular attribute of the input patterns does not necessarily contribute to classification. In this paper, we use the reduced input dimension for learning a neural network. We have developed three consensus schemes so as to judge the classification using multiple neural networks. The experimental results with remote sensing data indicate the improved performance of the networks when applying the proposed method to the conventional competitive learning algorithms.< >

关键词： Neural networks Neurons Chromium computer networks Learning systems Frequency control engineering Remote sensing Pattern recognition Feature extraction

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Visual guidance of an autonomous vehicle in natural environments based on reflexive control

Visual guidance of an autonomous vehicle in natural environm...

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IEEE Symposium on Intelligent Vehicle

作者： J. Fernandez A.B. Martinez J. Frau Automatic Control and Computer Engineering Department Universitat Poliltècnica de Catalunya Barcelona Spain Electronics Technology Section Universitat de les Illes Balears Palma de Mallorca Spain

Autonomous navigation in outdoor environments is a complex task that until today is realized with high cost systems. This paper presents a system for autonomous navigation in weakly structured and outdoor environments like mountain ways. The main goals are to design a robust, cheap and fast system. The proposed solution constructs a simple scene description by region segmentation and analysis of the region variation in a sequence of color images. Then, reflexive planning calculates a locally optimal travel direction from the available information.

关键词： Navigation Remotely operated vehicles Mobile robots Costs Robustness Layout Image segmentation Image analysis Image color analysis Image sequence analysis

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A new discrete-time algorithm for simple adaptive control and its application to motor control

A new discrete-time algorithm for simple adaptive control an...

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International Conference on Industrial electronics, control and Instrumentation

作者： H. Shibata G. Maruoka K. Yasaki B. Zhang Department of Computer and Systems Sciences College of Engineering University of Osaka Prefecture Osaka Osaka Japan OE Control Technology Research & Development Center Institute of Optics and Electronics Chinese Academy and Sciences Chengdu China

A discrete-time algorithm for simple adaptive control (SAG) was proposed by Shibata and Kurebayashi (1993). The algorithm solves the problem of additional time delay arising in discretization of continuous-time algorithm, and therefore becomes reliable in theoretical strictness. This paper applies the algorithm to the position control of a DC motor with variable load, Experimental results illustrate satisfactory performance even if the load is largely changed.< >

关键词： Adaptive control Motor drives control systems Sampling methods Programmable control Stability Application software Delay effects Position control DC motors

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Optical second harmonic generation: A probe of atomic structure and bonding at Si–SiO2 interfaces, and other chemically modified Si surfaces

Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B: Microelectronics a...

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Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures Processing, Measurement, and Phenomena 1994年第4期12卷 2484-2492页

作者： U. Emmerichs C. Meyer H. J. Bakker F. Wolter H. Kurz G. Lucovsky C. E. Bjorkman T. Yasuda Yi Ma Z. Jing J. L. Whitten Institute of Semiconductor Electronics II Rheinisch‐Westfälische Technische Hochschule 5100 Aachen Germany Departments of Physics Materials Science and Engineering and Electrical and Computer Engineering North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina 27695‐8202 Department of Physics North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina 27695‐8202 Department of Chemistry North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina 27695‐8202

Optical second harmonic generation (SHG) is a highly surface‐sensitive probe for studying crystalline Si surfaces because the inversion symmetry is broken and electric dipole optical SHG processes forbidden in the bulk are allowed. The polarized optical SHG from a perfectly oriented Si surface is inherently anisotropic, varying periodically as the in‐surface projection of the polarization vector of the incident laser is rotated about a normal to the surface. The harmonic contributions to the angular anisotropy from the surface are characteristic of the surface bonding, and are modified by misorientation, chemical termination, as well as thermal treatments. This paper reviews the results of our previously reported optical SHG studies on Si(111) wafers with misorientations of 0°–5°±0.5° in the [112̄] direction for Si–H or Si–O terminated surfaces. Azimuthal anisotropy data are compared with an empirical model for the SHG intensity that is based on (i) the nonlinear response of anharmonic oscillators, and (ii) a phenomenological theory of azimuthal anisotropies expected for different surface orientations. This model is used as a framework for estimating ’’effective‘‘ resonance energies from single wavelength experiments, and in particular, for providing insights into the microscopic mechanisms that can contribute to the changes in these resonance energies with respect to different processing conditions. For example, important differences between thermally grown and plasma‐oxidized interfaces are identified, and correlations between SHG and electrical performance of the Si–SiO2 interfaces are discussed.

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Compliance control of an EMG-controlled prosthetic forearm using ultrasonic motors

Compliance control of an EMG-controlled prosthetic forearm u...

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Proceedings of IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS'94)

作者： K. Ito M. Pecson Zhi-Wei Luo M. Yamakita A. Kato T. Aoya M. Ito Bio-Mimetic Control Research Center RIKEN Institute of Physical and Chemical Research Nagoya Japan Department of lnformation and Computer Sciences Toyohashi University of Technology Toyohashi Japan Department of Electronics Engineering Aichi Institute of Technology Toyota Saitama Japan Department of Electrical Engineering Chubu University Matsumoto Japan

This paper discusses the compliance control of an ultrasonic motor powered prosthetic forearm which utilizes cutaneously measured electromyogram (EMG) signals sensed with the electrodes over the muscles as means of detecting motor commands sent by the central nervous system (CNS). Compliance control of the artificial limb was studied by implementing the bilinear model of the forearm and hand. This model emphasizes the role of the visco-elastic properties of the musculo-skeletal system of the actual limb in controlling its net configuration and movement. The flexor and extensor muscles extending over a joint influence the total joint impedance and determine the equilibrium position of the joint. Relaxing both flexor and extensor muscles makes the joint compliant to external forces, while activating both muscles increases the impedance of the joint.< >

关键词： Prosthetics Muscles Power system modeling Impedance Centralized control control systems Ultrasonic variables measurement Electromyography Electrodes Central nervous system

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THE CALLING(SM) NETWORK - A GLOBAL WIRELESS COMMUNICATION-SYSTEM

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS 1994年第1期12卷 45-61页

作者： TUCK, EF PATTERSON, DP STUART, JR LAWRENCE, MH Calling Communications Corporation. 1900 West Garvey Ave South. Suite 200 West Covina CA 91790 USA. Chairman of Calling Communications Corporation. He is also the Managing Director of Kinship Venture Management Inc. the general partner of Kinship Partners 11 and a General Partner of Boundary the general partner of The Boundary Fund. As a venture capitalist he has founded or participated in founding several telecommunications companies including Calling Communications Corporation Magellan Systems Corporation manufactures of Global Positioning System receivers Applied Digital Access manufacturer of DS-3 test access and network performance monitoring equipment Endgate Technology Corporation specialists in satellite phased array antennas and Poynting Systems Corporation. now a division of Reliance Corporation manufacturers of fibre optic transport equipment. He was a founder of Kebby Microwave Corporation where he invented the first solid-state. frequency-modulated commercial microwave link system. The company was acquired by ITT Corporation where he rose to the position of V.P. and Technical Director of ITT North America Telecommunications Inc. Subsequently he was V.P. of Marketing and Engineering at American Telecommunications Inc. (ATC). He was founding Director of American Telecom Inc. a joint venture between ATC and Fujitsu and has served on more than 20 boards of directors including those of three public companies. He has authored articles on microwave engineering and telephone signalling and was a contributor to Reference Data For Radio Engineers. He is a graduate of the University of Missouri at Rolla where he was later awarded an honorary Professional degree and serves on its Academy of Electrical Engineering. Mr Tuck is a Senior Member of the IEEE a Fellow of the Institution of Engineers (Australia) a Professional Member of the AIAA and a registered professional engineer in three states. More than 25 years of experience in the telecommunications industry where he has been responsibl

There is a very large demand for basic telephone service in developing nations, and remote parts of industrialized nations, which cannot be met by conventional wireline and cellular systems. This is the world's largest unserved market. We describe a system which uses recent advances in active phased arrays, fast-packet switching technology, adaptive routeing, and light spacecraft technology, in part based on the work of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and on recently-declassified work done on the Strategic Defense Initiative, to make it possible to address this market with a global telephone network based on a large low-Earth-orbit constellation of identical satellites. A telephone utility can use such a network to provide the same modern basic and enhanced telephone services offered by telephone utilities in the urban centres of fully-industrialized nations. Economies of scale permit capital and operating costs per subscriber low enough to provide a service to all subscribers, regardless of location, at prices comparable to the same services in urban areas of industrialized nations, while generating operating profits great enough to attract the capital needed for its construction. The bandwidth needed to support the capacity needed to gain these economies of scale requires that the system use K(alpha)-band frequencies. This choice of frequencies places unusual constraints on the network design, and in particular forces the use of a large number of satellites. Global demand for basic and enhanced telephone service is great enough to support at least three networks of the size described herein. The volume of advanced components, and services such as launch services, required to construct and replace these networks is sufficient to propel certain industries to market leadership positions in the early 21st Century.

关键词： LOW EARTH ORBIT SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS FAST PACKET SWITCHING EARTH FIXED CELLS ADAPTIVE ROUTEING LIGHT SPACECRAFT K(A) BAND PHASED-ARRAY ANTENNAS

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Decoupling and Closed Loop Pole Placement via State and Output Feedback

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 1993年第2期26卷 795-798页

作者： L. Gören M. Güzelkaya Istanbul Technical University Electrical and Electronics Engineering Faculty Department of Control and Computer Engineering 80626 Maslak Istanbul Turkey

In this paper, decoupling and closed loop pole placement problem for square generalized systems are studied by regular static state and output feedbacks. The study is based on the previous results on decoupliog via state feedback in singular systems. The necessary and sufficient conditions on decouplability by output feedback is introduced and a theorem on assignable closed loop structures for simultaneously decoupled generalized systems is presented.

关键词： Linear systems Singular systems: Decoupling Matrix polynomial equation: Closed loop pole placement

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Influence of surface roughness on the electrical properties of Si–SiO2 interfaces and on second‐harmonic generation at these interfaces

Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B: Microelectronics a...

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Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures Processing, Measurement, and Phenomena 1993年第4期11卷 1521-1527页

作者： C. H. Bjorkman T. Yasuda C. E. Shearon, Jr. Y. Ma G. Lucovsky U. Emmerichs C. Meyer K. Leo H. Kurz Departments of Physics Materials Science and Engineering and Electrical and Computer Engineering North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina 27695‐8202 Institute of Semiconductor Electronics II Rheinisch‐Westfälische Technische Hochschule 5100 Aachen Germany

Si(111) wafers, cut at angles between 0° and 5° in the [112̄] direction, were prepared by a standard RCA cleaning process followed by a rinse in HF/NH4F solutions with different pH values. Si–SiO2 structures were formed on these surfaces by a two‐step low‐temperature plasma‐assisted oxidation/deposition process, and compared with interfaces formed by thermal oxidation, followed by rapid thermal annealing. The Si(111)–SiO2 interface, subjected to predeposition rinse in a 40 wt. % NH4F solution, displayed a midgap interface trap density Dit of ∼4×1010 cm−2 eV−1. The Dit values increased systematically up to ∼2×1011 cm−2 eV−1 as the pH of the final rinse was decreased. Using a second‐harmonic generation pumped at 1053 nm, the influence of off‐axis orientation and surface structure of Si(111) surfaces was examined. The surface structure was modified by thermal oxidation at 850 °C, annealing at temperatures in the range of 900–1100 °C, and removing the oxide in a HF solution. Changes in the characteristic rotational anisotropy are analyzed using harmonic functions reflecting the onefold and threefold symmetry of vicinal Si(111) surfaces, and are compared with changes in the thermal oxide Dit values on annealing.

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Real-time control of reactive ion etching: identification and disturbance rejection

Real-time control of reactive ion etching: identification an...

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IEEE Conference on Decision and control

作者： B.A. Rashap P.P. Khargonekar J.W. Grizzle M.E. Elta J.S. Freudenberg F.L. Terry Electronics Manufacturing and Control Systems Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA

The main processes involved in the manufacture of integrated circuits are deposition, lithography, etching, and implantation. This paper describes results on identification and real-time control of reactive ion etchers. Experimental results show that significant disturbances to the etch rate can be attenuated with real-time feedback control.< >

关键词： Etching Feedback control Plasma applications Manufacturing processes Laboratories Pressure control Weight control Open loop systems PD control Pi control

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Applications of control to Semiconductor Manufacturing: Reactive Ion Etching

Applications of Control to Semiconductor Manufacturing: Reac...

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American control Conference (ACC)

作者： M. Elta H. Etemad J. S. Freudenberg M. D. Giles J. W. Grizzle P. T. Kabamba P. P. Khargonekar S. Lafortune S. M. Meerkov J. R. Moyne B. A. Rashap D. Teneketzis F. L. Terry Solid State Electronics Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA Control Systems Laboratory and Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA

This paper describes the development of real-time control technology for the improvement of manufacturing characteristics of reactive ion etchers. A general control strategy is presented as well as supporting experime... 详细信息

关键词： Semiconductor device manufacture Etching Plasma applications Laboratories Pulp manufacturing Manufacturing processes Plasma materials processing Feedback control control systems Production facilities

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