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arXiv 2025年

作者： Gallo, Alexander J. Anand, Sribalaji C. Teixeira, Andre M.H. Ferrari, Riccardo M.G. Department of Electronics Information and Bioengineering Politecnico di Milano Milano Italy School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Digital Futures KTH Royal Institute of Technology Sweden Department of Information Technology Uppsala University PO Box 337 UppsalaSE-75105 Sweden Delft Center for Systems and Control Mechanical Engineering TU Delft Delft Netherlands

Active techniques have been introduced to give better detectability performance for cyber-attack diagnosis in cyber-physical systems (CPS). In this paper, switching multiplicative watermarking is considered, whereby we propose an optimal design strategy to define switching filter parameters. Optimality is evaluated exploiting the so-called output-to-output gain of the closed loop system, including some supposed attack dynamics. A worst-case scenario of a matched covert attack is assumed, presuming that an attacker with full knowledge of the closed-loop system injects a stealthy attack of bounded energy. Our algorithm, given watermark filter parameters at some time instant, provides optimal next-step parameters. Analysis of the algorithm is given, demonstrating its features, and demonstrating that through initialization of certain parameters outside of the algorithm, the parameters of the multiplicative watermarking can be randomized. Simulation shows how, by adopting our method for parameter design, the attacker’s impact on performance diminishes. © 2025, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Networked control systems

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A microwell-based impedance sensor on an insertable microneedle for real-time in vivo cytokine detection

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2021年第6期7卷 139-150页

作者： Naixin Song Pengfei Xie Wen Shen Hanju Oh Yejia Zhang Flavia Vitale Mehdi Javanmard Mark G.Allen Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rutgers UniversityPiscatawayNJUSA Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA Department of Orthopedic Surgery University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA Corporal Michael J.Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center PhiladelphiaPAUSA Department of Bioengineering School of Engineering and Applied ScienceUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA Department of Neurology Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA

Impedance-based protein detection sensors for point-of-care diagnostics require quantitative specificity,as well as rapid or real-time ***,microfabrication of these sensors can lead to the formation of factors suitable for in vivo ***,we present microfabricated needle-shaped microwell impedance sensors for rapid-sample-to-answer,label-free detection of cytokines,and other *** microneedle form factor allows sensors to be utilized in transcutaneous or transvascular sensing *** vitro,experimental characterization confirmed sensor specificity and sensitivity to multiple proteins of *** characterization demonstrated sufficient microneedle robustness for transcutaneous insertion,as well as preserved sensor function *** further utilized these sensors to carry out real-time in vivo quantification of human interleukin 8(hIL8)concentration levels in the blood of transgenic mice that endogenously express *** assess sensor functionality,hIL8 concentration levels in serum samples from the same mice were quantified by *** agreement between real-time in vivo sensor readings in blood and subsequent ELISA serum assays was observed over multiple transgenic mice expressing hIL8 concentrations from 62 pg/mL to 539 ng/mL.

关键词： needle utilized insertion

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Study of ASIC Readout Used for Detectors in an MR Compatible, RF-Penetrable TOF-PET Insert

Study of ASIC Readout Used for Detectors in an MR Compatible...

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IEEE Symposium on Nuclear science (NSS/MIC)

作者： Qian Dong Salar Sajedi Ilaria Sacco Peter Fischer Craig S. Levin Departments of Electrical Engineering and Radiology Stanford University Stanford CA USA Departments of Radiology Stanford University Stanford CA USA Department of Computer Science Heidelberg University Baden-Württemberg Germany Department of Radiology Electrical Engineering Bioengineering and Physics Stanford University Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) Stanford CA USA

Developing positron emission tomography (PET) systems with high channel number has driven the need for application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) owing to their compactness, multi-channel readout capability, and excellent time and energy resolution performance. They can also be quite flexible by employing field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) in the readout circuit. In particular, the ASIC+FPGA approach provides a high performance and compact solution for TOF-PET applications. ASICs serve functions of extracting time and energy information from analog SiPM signals, and an FPGA is employed for other application-specific requirements like on-board chip configuration, communication with data acquisition (DAQ) systems, and system monitoring. Based on this foundation, we developed TOF-capable detector modules for our second generation RF-penetrable PET insert. During our previous experiments, we found that different trigger and readout methods lead to different noise pattern and intensity in MR environment, and also have different singles count loss ratio. This paper aims to study and compare different readout configurations for our MR-compatible detectors. We studied four trigger and readout methods: hit-standard, frequent-standard, hit-bypass, and frequent-bypass, and compared their singles count loss ratios with both theoretical models and experimental results. For all four methods, the theoretical results matched the experimental results well. The two methods which used bypass mode performed better than those using the standard mode approach. With the most optimized trigger and readout method (hit-bypass), we achieved 1.2% singles count loss ratio at a 20 kcps count rate per channel.

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Fast fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy using single- and multiphoton peak event detection for rapid quantification of NAD(P)H-related metabolic dynamics during apoptosis 23

Fast fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy using single- ...

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Multiphoton Microscopy in the Biomedical sciences XXIII 2023

作者： Sorrells, Janet E. Marjanovic, Marina Iyer, Rishyashring R. Yang, Lingxiao Chaney, Eric J. Wang, Geng Tu, Haohua Boppart, Stephen A. Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL61801 United States Department of Bioengineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL61801 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL61801 United States Cancer Center at Illinois UrbanaIL61801 United States Interdisciplinary Health Sciences Institute University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL61801 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781510658738

Multiphoton fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) is used to collect label-free metabolic information from biological samples via autofluorescence lifetime imaging of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAD(P)H). However, FLIM has traditionally been limited by slow acquisition due to the limited bandwidth of analog electronics that perform photon counting and time-tagging. This slow acquisition has restricted the applicability of multiphoton FLIM of NAD(P)H by impeding the ability to accurately study biological problems that require characterization of fast dynamics. Faster image acquisition can be achieved by directly digitizing the amplified output of a hybrid photodetector and computationally determining photon counts via the Single- and multiphoton PEak Event Detection (SPEED) algorithm. This method, bypassing the limited-bandwidth analog electronics used for photon counting and time-tagging of photons in traditional FLIM, enables fast photon counting capabilities which are well suited for fast, high-dynamic range biological processes such as metabolic changes during apoptosis. Here, we utilize this technology to examine fast dynamics of apoptosis in 2D culture of normal and cancerous human breast cell lines, rat mammary tumor tissue-derived organoids, and in vivo rat mammary tumors. Results indicate that apoptosis-related metabolic dynamics are biological model-dependent and based on local pharmacokinetics, with tumor derived organoids in Matrigel showing a significantly slower response than in vivo or in vitro 2D cell models. Future work should carefully consider these implications when determining which tumor model to use for experimentation and should improve tumor models to better represent in vivo tumor apoptosis dynamics. © 2023 SPIE.

关键词： Rats

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An Exoskeleton BCI System for Stroke Rehabilitation Using Multi-modality Training Mode

An Exoskeleton BCI System for Stroke Rehabilitation Using Mu...

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2023 International Automatic Control Conference, CACS 2023

作者： Su, Kai-Hsiang Chen, Chiao-Hsin Chen, Chia-Hsin Zhang, Yong-Liang Ko, Li-Wei National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Former National Chiao Tung University Institute of Biological Science and Technology Hsinchu30010 Taiwan National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Former National Chiao Tung University Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering Hsinchu30010 Taiwan Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital Rehabilitation Department of Kaohsiung Taiwan College of Biological Science and Technology Hsinchu30010 Taiwan National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Former National Chiao Tung University Institute of Electrical and Control Engineering Hsinchu30010 Taiwan Brain Research Center Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Hsinchu30010 Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9798350306354

With the advent of the global aging era, the impact of stroke on humans is continuously increasing. Therefore, new therapeutic approaches to enhance patient recovery are receiving growing attention. Stroke is a severe neurological disorder that causes brain damage, requiring extended periods of rehabilitation for patients to return to normal life. Currently, common clinical methods largely rely on traditional passive limb rehabilitation, primarily targeting peripheral nerve training. Nowadays, an increasing number of people are recognizing the importance of post-stroke neuroplasticity. This study aims to activate patients' central nervous system and proposes a brain-machine interface (BCI) exoskeleton system based on human cognition. By designing three cognitive brainwave training models, including an attention-based standing-up model detecting θ-band power decrease, a relaxation-based sitting-down model detecting α-band power increase, and a walking model detecting MRCP, patients can actively control lower limb exoskeleton movement using *** study provides cross-validation accuracy through both normal subjects and stroke patients, with accuracies of 87.13±9.38 and 80.83±9.68, respectively. Envisioning a rehabilitation system guided by human cognition, our team has developed an intuitive BCI exoskeleton system. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Brain

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Observation of the symmetry-protected signature of 3-body interactions

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Zhukas, Liudmila A. Wang, Qingfeng Katz, Or Monroe, Christopher Marvian, Iman Duke Quantum Center Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Physics Duke University DurhamNC27708 United States Chemical Physics Program Institute for Physical Science and Technology University of Maryland College ParkMD United States School of Applied and Engineering Physics Cornell University IthacaNY14853 United States

Identifying and characterizing multi-body interactions in quantum processes remains a significant challenge. This is partly because 2-body interactions can produce an arbitrary time evolution, a fundamental fact often called the universality of 2-local gates in the context of quantum computing. However, when an unknown Hamiltonian respects a U(1) symmetry such as charge or particle number conservation, N-body interactions exhibit a distinct symmetry-protected signature known as the N-body phase, which fewer-body interactions cannot mimic. We develop and demonstrate an efficient technique for the detection of 3-body interactions despite the presence of unknown 2-body interactions. This technique, which takes advantage of GHZ states for phase estimation, requires probing the unitary evolution and measuring its determinant in a small subspace that scales linearly with the system size, making it an efficient approach. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Hamiltonians

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Joint Learning of Nonlinear Representation and Projection for Fast Constrained MRSI Reconstruction

TechRxiv

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TechRxiv 2023年

作者： Li, Yahang Ruhm, Loreen Wang, Zepeng Zhao, Ruiyang Anderson, Aaron Arnold, Paul Huesmann, Graham Henning, Anke Lam, Fan Department of Bioengineering Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology Cancer Center at Illinois University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL61801 United States The Department of Bioengineering The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign United States The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign United States The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign United States Carle Foundation Hospital United States The Advanced Imaging Research Center University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics United States

Learning and utilizing low-dimensional representations for high-dimensional imaging problems is an active research area. We present here a novel method for computationally efficient reconstruction from noisy MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) data, a unique high-dimensional molecular imaging modality. The proposed method features (a) a novel strategy that jointly learns a nonlinear low-dimensional representation of high-dimensional spectroscopic signals and a neural-network-based projector to recover the low-dimensional embeddings from noisy/limited data;(b) a joint formulation that integrates the forward encoding model, a regularizer exploiting the learned representation, and a complementary spatial constraint;and (c) a highly efficient algorithm enabled by the learned projector within an alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) framework, circumventing the computationally expensive network inversion subproblem. The proposed method has been evaluated using simulations and different types of in vivo MRSI data, demonstrating robust improved performance over state-of-the-art methods. Computational complexity and algorithm convergence analysis have been performed to offer further insights into the effectiveness of the proposed method. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Molecular imaging

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Control of Transverse Motion for Quantum Gates on Individually Addressed Atomic Qubits

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PRX Quantum 2022年第1期3卷 010334-010334页

作者： M. Cetina L.N. Egan C. Noel M.L. Goldman D. Biswas A.R. Risinger D. Zhu C. Monroe Joint Quantum Institute Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science and Departments of Physics and Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Maryland College Park Maryland 20742 USA Department of Physics Duke University Durham North Carolina 27708 USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Duke University Durham North Carolina 27708 USA IonQ Inc 4505 Campus Drive College Park Maryland 20740 USA

Individual trapped atomic qubits represent one of the most promising technologies to scale quantum computers, owing to their low idle errors and the ability to implement a full set of reconfigurable gate operations via focused optical fields. However, the fidelity of quantum gate operations can be limited by weak confinement of the atoms transverse to the laser. We present measurements of this effect by performing individually addressed entangling gates in chains of up to 25 trapped atomic ions. We present a semiclassical model that accurately describes the observed decoherence from the residual heating of the ions caused by noisy electric fields. We suppress these effects by cotrapping ancilla ions for sympathetically cooling the qubit ions throughout a quantum circuit.

关键词： Atom & ion cooling Atom & ion trapping & guiding Entanglement production Quantum gates Quantum information with trapped ions Trapped ions Coherent control Rabi model Semiclassical physics

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A Novel Technique of Pulmonary Nodules Auto Segmentation Using Modified Convolutional Neural Networks

A Novel Technique of Pulmonary Nodules Auto Segmentation Usi...

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IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging

作者： B. Youssef A. Alksas A. Shalaby A. Mahmoud E. van Bogaert S. Contractor M. Ghazal A. Elmaghraby A. El-Baz Department of Bioengineering University of Louisville KY USA Department of Engineering Mathematics and Physics Alexandria University Egypt Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics UT Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX USA Department of Radiology University of Louisville KY USA Electrical Computer and Biomedical Engineering Department Abu Dhabi University UAE Computer Science and Engineering Department University of Louisville KY USA

Lung cancer represents the dominant cause of cancer associated deaths worldwide. Researchers have proposed many methods for medical image analysis of CT scans through the decades but in recent times, deep learning (DL) has gained a lot of consideration in the field of analysis of biomedical images . Image processing techniques are used on image data after extracting CT scan features, to determine if the patient’s found nodule is benign or malignant. The most important of these techniques is segmentation which helps identify the shape,size and volume of the nodule. We experiment with several methods of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) to target the best approach for pulmonary nodule segmentation. Our aim is to find the compromise between best accuracy, cheapest processing costs and scalability. First of all, it is important to observe that our method is proposed for the segmentation of lung nodules on a previously defined region of interest (ROI) instead of the whole image as input to our networks to cover the fast processing target and experimenting with 3D U-Net and variations of 3D V-Net. We performed analysis to measures of sensitivity and specificity and compared different segmentation approaches using our proposed modified U-Net with a novel adaptive focal loss function and our implementation of a modified V-Net with different architectures. The modified U-Net with the updated loss gave the best sensitivity and specificity of 0.9132 and 0.9807 respectively.

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High-order mesh generation based on optimal affine combinations of nodal positions 12th

High-order mesh generation based on optimal affine combinati...

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12th International Conference on Spectral and High-Order Methods, ICOSAHOM 2018

作者： Stees, Mike Shontz, Suzanne M. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Information and Telecommunication Technology Center University of Kansas LawrenceKS United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Bioengineering Program Information and Telecommunication Technology Center University of Kansas LawrenceKS United States

ISBN: (纸本)9783030396466

In this paper, we propose a new optimization-based method for high-order mesh generation. Our proposed method is based on affine combinations of nodal positions. For each interior node in the high-order straight-sided mesh, a set of weights that relates the node to its neighbors is calculated. After the high-order boundary nodes are curved to conform with the true boundary, the interior nodes are moved based on the generated weights and the new boundary positions. We present results from applying our method to several aerospace engineering geometries in 2D and 3D which demonstrate the capabilities of our method. © 2020, The Author(s).

关键词： Mesh generation

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