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Applications of MXenes in human-like sensors and actuators

Nano Research 2023年第4期16卷 5767-5795页

作者： Jinbo Pang Songang Peng Chongyang Hou Xiao Wang Ting Wang Yu Cao Weijia Zhou Ding Sun Kai Wang Mark H.Rümmeli Gianaurelio Cuniberti Hong Liu Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research(iAIR) Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of ShandongUniversity of JinanJinan 250022China Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Technische Universität DresdenDresden 01069Germany Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden Technische Universität DresdenDresden 01069Germany Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science Technische Universität DresdenDresden 01062Germany Dresden Center for Intelligent Materials(GCL DCIM) Technische Universität DresdenDresden 01062Germany High-Frequency High-Voltage Device and Integrated Circuits R&D Center Institute of MicroelectronicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices&Integrated Technology Institute of MicroelectronicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanobiomechanics Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen 518055China State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking Qilu University of TechnologyShandong Academy of SciencesJinan 250353China School of Bioengineering Qilu University of TechnologyShandong Academy of ScienceJinan 250353China Key Laboratory of Modern Power System Simulation and Control&Renewable Energy Technology(Ministry of Education) Northeast Electric Power UniversityJilin 132012China School of Electrical Engineering Northeast Electric Power UniversityJilin 132012China School of Electrical Engineering Weihai Innovation Research InstituteQingdao UniversityQingdao 266000China School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Jilin Jianzhu UniversityChangchun 130118China Institute for Complex Materials Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden(IFW Dresden)20 Helmholtz StrasseDresden 01069Germany College of Energy Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215006China Key L

Human beings perceive the world through the senses of sight,hearing,smell,taste,touch,space,and *** first five senses are prerequisites for people to *** sensing organs upload information to the nervous systems,including the brain,for interpreting the surrounding ***,the brain sends commands to muscles reflexively to react to stimuli,including light,gas,chemicals,sound,and ***,as an emerging two-dimensional material,has been intensively adopted in the applications of various sensors and *** this review,we update the sensors to mimic five primary senses and actuators for stimulating muscles,which employ MXene-based film,membrane,and composite with other functional ***,a brief introduction is delivered for the structure,properties,and synthesis methods of ***,we feed the readers the recent reports on the MXene-derived image sensors as artificial retinas,gas sensors,chemical biosensors,acoustic devices,and tactile sensors for electronic ***,the actuators of MXene-based composite are ***,future opportunities are given to MXene research based on the requirements of artificial intelligence and humanoid robot,which may induce prospects in accompanying healthcare and biomedical engineering applications.

关键词： MXenes sensors actuators gas sensors biosensors tactile sensors sound sensors artificial retina

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Discrete frequency infrared vibrational circular dichroism spectroscopy & imaging

Discrete frequency infrared vibrational circular dichroism s...

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Novel Techniques in Microscopy, NTM 2021 - Part of Biophotonics Congress: Optics in the Life sciences 2021

作者： Phal, Yamuna Yeh, Kevin Bhargava, Rohit Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign 306 N. Wright St UrbanaIL61801 United States Departments of Bioengineering Chemistry Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Mechanical Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL61801 United States Cancer Center at Illinois University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL61801 United States Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 405 N. Mathews Ave UrbanaIL61801 United States

Vibrational Circular Dichroism (VCD) arises from chiroptical phenomena in biological samples. We demonstrate VCD imaging, a novel microscopy technique that can provide molecular- and spatially-specific chirality mappi... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781557528209

关键词： Dichroism

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Quantum Fourier Transform using Dynamic Circuits

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Bäumer, Elisa Tripathi, Vinay Seif, Alireza Lidar, Daniel Wang, Derek S. IBM Quantum IBM Research – Zurich Rüschlikon8803 Switzerland Department of Physics & Astronomy Center for Quantum Information Science & Technology University of Southern California Los AngelesCA90089 United States IBM Quantum IBM T.J. Watson Research Center Yorktown HeightsNY10598 United States Departments of Electrical & Computer Engineering Chemistry Physics & Astronomy Center for Quantum Information Science & Technology University of Southern California Los AngelesCA90089 United States

In dynamic quantum circuits, classical information from mid-circuit measurements is fed forward during circuit execution. This emerging capability of quantum computers confers numerous advantages that can enable more efficient and powerful protocols by drastically reducing the resource requirements for certain core algorithmic primitives. In particular, in the case of the n-qubit quantum Fourier transform followed immediately by measurement, the scaling of resource requirements is reduced from O(n2) two-qubit gates in an all-to-all connectivity in the standard unitary formulation to O(n) mid-circuit measurements in its dynamic counterpart without any connectivity constraints. Here, we demonstrate the advantage of dynamic quantum circuits for the quantum Fourier transform on IBM’s superconducting quantum hardware with certified process fidelities of > 50% on up to 16 qubits and > 1% on up to 37 qubits, exceeding previous reports across all quantum computing platforms. These results are enabled by our contribution of an efficient method for certifying the process fidelity, as well as of a dynamical decoupling protocol for error suppression during mid-circuit measurements and feed-forward within a dynamic quantum circuit. Our results demonstrate the advantages of leveraging dynamic circuits in optimizing the compilation of quantum algorithms. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Timing circuits

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A DIRECT METHOD OF GENERATING QUADRATIC CURVILINEAR TETRAHEDRAL MESHES USING AN ADVANCING FRONT APPROACH 29

A DIRECT METHOD OF GENERATING QUADRATIC CURVILINEAR TETRAHED...

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29th International Meshing Roundtable, IMR 2021

作者： Mohammadi, Fariba Shontz, Suzanne M. Department of Mechanical Engineering Information and Telecommunication Technology Center The University of Kansas 1520 W. 15th Street LawrenceKS66045 United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Bioengineering Program Information and Telecommunication Technology Center University of Kansas 1520 W. 15th Street LawrenceKS66045 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781733489010

Computational modeling and simulation of real-world problems, e.g., various applications in the automotive, aerospace, and biomedical industries, often involve geometric objects which are bounded by curved surfaces. The geometric modeling of such objects can be performed via high-order meshes. Such a mesh, when paired with a high-order partial differential equation (PDE) solver, can realize more accurate solution results with a decreased number of mesh elements (in comparison to a low-order mesh). There are several types of high-order mesh generation approaches, such as direct methods, a posteriori methods, and isogeometric analysis (IGA)-based spline modeling approaches. In this paper, we propose a direct, high-order, curvilinear tetrahedral mesh generation method using an advancing front technique. After generating the mesh, we apply mesh optimization to improve the quality and to take advantage of the degrees of freedom available in the initially straight-sided quadratic elements. Our method aims to generate high-quality tetrahedral mesh elements from various types of boundary representations including the cases where no computer-aided design files are available. Such a method is essential, for example, for generating meshes for various biomedical models where the boundary representation is obtained from medical images instead of CAD files. We present several numerical examples of second-order tetrahedral meshes generated using our method based on input triangular surface meshes. © 2021 held by the authors of the individual papers.

关键词： Mesh generation

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Charged-impurity free printing-based diffusion doping in molybdenum disulfide field-effect transistors

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Jeong, Inho Yang, Jiwoo Jang, Juntae Cho, Daeheum Kwon, Deok-Hwang Kim, Jae-Keun Lee, Takhee Cho, Kyungjune Chung, Seungjun School of Electrical Engineering Korea University Seoul02841 Korea Republic of Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Department of Physics and Astronomy Institute of Applied Physics Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Departments of Chemistry Kyungpook National University Daegu41566 Korea Republic of Energy Materials Research Center Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul02792 Korea Republic of 06120 Germany Soft Hybrid Materials Research Center Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul02792 Korea Republic of Convergence Research Center for Solutions to Electromagnetic Interference in Future-mobility Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul02792 Korea Republic of

In practical electronic applications, where doping is crucial to exploit large-area two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors, surface charge transfer doping (SCTD) has emerged as a promising strategy to tailor their electrical characteristics. However, impurity scattering caused by resultant ionized dopants, after donating or withdrawing carriers, hinders transport in 2D semiconductor layers, limiting the carrier mobility. Here, we propose a diffusion doping method for chemical vapor deposition (CVD)-grown molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) that avoids interference from charged impurities. Selectively inkjet-printed dopants were introduced only on the contact region, allowing excessively donated electrons to diffuse to the channel layer due to the electron density difference. Therefore, diffusion-doped MoS2 FETs do not have undesirable charged impurities on the channel, exhibiting over two-fold higher field-effect mobility compared with conventional direct-doped ones. Our study paves the way for a new doping strategy that simultaneously suppresses charged impurity scattering and facilitates the tailoring of the SCTD effect. © 2024, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Semiconductor doping

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Wireless,battery-free,and fully implantable electrical neurostimulation in freely moving rodents

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2021年第4期7卷 127-138页

作者： Alex Burton Sang Min Won Arian Kolahi Sohrabi Tucker Stuart Amir Amirhossein Jong Uk Kim Yoonseok Park Andrew Gabros John A.Rogers Flavia Vitale Andrew G.Richardson Philipp Gutruf Department of Biomedical Engineering University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Sungkyunkwan University(SKKU)Suwon 16419Republic of Korea Department of Neurosurgery Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIL 60208USA Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIL 60208USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIL 60208USA Department of Biomedical Engineering Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIL 60208USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIL 60208USA Department of Neurological Surgery Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIL 60611USA Department of Neurology BioengineeringPhysical Medicine&RehabilitationCenter for Neuroengineering and TherapeuticsUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA Bio5 Institute and Neuroscience GIPP University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA

Implantable deep brain stimulation(DBS)systems are utilized for clinical treatment of diseases such as Parkinson's disease and chronic ***,long-term efficacy of DBS is limited,and chronic neuroplastic changes and associated therapeutic mechanisms are not well *** and mechanistic investigation,typically accomplished in small animal models,is difficult because of the need for chronic stimulators that currently require either frequent handling of test subjects to charge battery-powered systems or specialized setups to manage tethers that restrict experimental paradigms and compromise *** overcome these challenges,we demonstrate a fully implantable,wireless,battery-free platform that allows for chronic DBS in rodents with the capability to control stimulation parameters digitally in real *** devices are able to provide stimulation over a wide range of frequencies with biphasic pulses and constant voltage control via low-impedance,surface-engineered platinum *** devices utilize off-the-shelf components and feature the ability to customize electrodes to enable broad utility and rapid *** of the system is demonstrated with a readout of stimulation-evoked neural activity in vivo and chronic stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle in freely moving rats to evoke characteristic head motion for over 36 days.

关键词： stimulation battery moving

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Synthesis of Energy-Conserving Quantum Circuits with XY interaction

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Bai, Ge Marvian, Iman Centre for Quantum Technologies National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 2 Singapore117543 Singapore QICI Quantum Information and Computation Initiative Department of Computer Science The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong HKU-Oxford Joint Laboratory for Quantum Information and Computation Hong Kong Duke Quantum Center Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Physics Duke University DurhamNC27708 United States

We study quantum circuits constructed from √iSWAP gates and, more generally, from the entangling gates that can be realized with the XX+YY interaction alone. Such gates preserve the Hamming weight of states in the computational basis, which means they respect the global U(1) symmetry corresponding to rotations around the z axis. Equivalently, assuming that the intrinsic Hamiltonian of each qubit in the system is the Pauli Z operator, they conserve the total energy of the system. We develop efficient methods for synthesizing circuits realizing any desired energy-conserving unitary using XX+YY interaction with or without single-qubit rotations around the z-axis. Interestingly, implementing generic energy-conserving unitaries, such as CCZ and Fredkin gates, with 2-local energy-conserving gates requires the use of ancilla qubits. When single-qubit rotations around the z-axis are permitted, our scheme requires only a single ancilla qubit, whereas with the XX+YY interaction alone, it requires 2 ancilla qubits. In addition to exact realizations, we also consider approximate realizations and show how a general energy-conserving unitary can be synthesized using only a sequence of √iSWAP gates and 2 ancillary qubits, with arbitrarily small error, which can be bounded via the Solovay-Kitaev theorem. Our methods are also applicable for synthesizing energy-conserving unitaries when, rather than the XX+YY interaction, one has access to any other energy-conserving 2-body interaction that is not diagonal in the computational basis, such as the Heisenberg exchange interaction. We briefly discuss the applications of these circuits in the context of quantum computing, quantum thermodynamics, and quantum clocks. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Qubits

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Synthesising 3D Cardiac CINE-MR Images and Corresponding Segmentation Masks using a Latent Diffusion Model

Synthesising 3D Cardiac CINE-MR Images and Corresponding Seg...

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IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging

作者： Nina Cheng Zhengji Liu Yash Deo Haoran Dou Ning Bi Kun Wu Fengming Lin Zeike A Taylor Nishant Ravikumar Alejandro F Frangi CISTIB Centre for Computational Imaging and Simulation Technologies in Biomedicine University of Leeds School of Optometry The Hong Kong Polytechnic University NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre Leeds UK Alan Turing Institute London UK Division of Informatics Imaging and Data Science Schools of Computer Science and Health Sciences University of Manchester Manchester UK Cardiovascular Sciences Departments Medical Imaging Research Center (MIRC) Electrical Engineering KU Leuven Leuven Belgium

ISBN: (数字)9798350313338

ISBN: (纸本)9798350313345

We propose a novel pipeline for the generation of synthetic full spatial cine cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) images via a latent Denoising Diffusion Implicit Models (DDIMs). These synthetic images can be used as viable alternatives to real data in deep learning model training for downstream cardiac image analysis tasks such as cardiac segmentation. To demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach, we generated synthetic CMR images along with their corresponding segmentation masks. We evaluated model performance using a variety of methods, including generated image fidelity, diversity and calculated the volumes of the generated segmentation masks and compare it with the real segmentation masks. The proposed pipeline has the potential to be widely applied to other tasks in various medical imaging modalities. Effective and efficient generation of 3D cine cardiac images with corresponding segmentation masks can supplement real patient datasets and help reduce the burden of manually annotating images.

关键词： Training Image segmentation Solid modeling Three-dimensional displays Biological system modeling Pipelines Noise reduction

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High-Order Cardiomyopathy Human Heart Model and Mesh Generation

High-Order Cardiomyopathy Human Heart Model and Mesh Generat...

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2021 Computing in Cardiology, CinC 2021

作者： Mohammadi, Fariba Shontz, Suzanne M Linte, Cristian A Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Kansas LawrenceKS United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Kansas LawrenceKS United States Bioengineering Program University of Kansas LawrenceKS United States Information and Telecommunication Technology Center University of Kansas LawrenceKS United States Chester F Carlson Center for Imaging Science Rochester Institute of Technology RochesterNY United States Department of Biomedical Engineering Rochester Institute of Technology RochesterNY United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781665479165

Faithful, accurate, and successful cardiac biomechanics and electrophysiological simulations require patient-specific geometric models of the heart. Since the cardiac geometry consists of highly-curved boundaries, the use of high-order meshes with curved elements would ensure that the various curves and features present in the cardiac geometry are well-captured and preserved in the corresponding mesh. Most other existing mesh generation techniques require computer-aided design files to represent the geometric boundary, which are often not available for biomedical applications. Unlike such methods, our technique takes a high-order surface mesh, generated from patient medical images, as input and generates a high-order volume mesh directly from the curved surface mesh. In this paper, we use our direct high-order curvilinear tetrahedral mesh generation method [1] to generate several second-order cardiac meshes. Our meshes include the left ventricle myocardia of a healthy heart and hearts with dilated and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. We show that our high-order cardiac meshes do not contain inverted elements and are of sufficiently high quality for use in cardiac finite element simulations. © 2021 Creative Commons.

关键词： Heart

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Effects of Surface Passivation on CdZnTeSe Nuclear Detectors

Effects of Surface Passivation on CdZnTeSe Nuclear Detectors

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2021 IEEE Nuclear science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference, NSS/MIC 2021

作者： Egarievwe, Stephen U. Roy, Utpal N. Agbalagba, Ezekiel O. Davis, Amir H. Israel, Mordecai B. Alexander, Parion L. James, Ralph B. Alabama A and M University Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Science Center Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science AL35762 United States Brookhaven National Laboratory Department of Nonproliferation and National Security NY11973 United States Savannah River National Laboratory Science and Technology AikenSC29808 United States Federal University of Petroleum Resources Department of Physics Delta State Nigeria Stanford University Department of Bioengineering CA94305 United States University of South Alabama Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering MobileAL36688 United States Alabama A and M University Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences AL35762 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781665421133

Cadmium zinc telluride selenide (CdZnTeSe) has shown great promise in reducing the cost of semiconductor nuclear detectors that can operate at room temperature without cryogenic cooling. This is due to the high yield of detector-grade materials in the CdZnTeSe crystal growth process, which can be attributed to the much smaller numbers of Te inclusions and grain boundary network in CdZnTeSe compared to other CdTe-based semiconductors such as CdZnTe. In the present work, we study the effects of surface passivation on CdZnTe detectors using a mixture of ammonium fluoride and hydrogen peroxide solution (NH4F + H2O2 + H2O). Detectors fabricated from CdZnTeSe crystals showed very good energy resolutions: 1.1% for the 662-keV gamma peak of 137Cs by Frisch-grid detectors, and 5.9% for the 59.6-keV gamma peak of 241Am by planar detectors. Experimental results show that the leakage current is increased immediately after passivation and then decreases as the surfaces stabilizes. The resistivity of the CdZnTeSe is of the order of 1010Ω-cm. The surface passivation improved the energy resolution of planar detector by 18% for the 59.6-keV gamma peak of 241Am. © 2021 IEEE.

关键词： Fluorine compounds

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