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Estimating Amount of Food in a Circular Dining Bowl from a Single Image 8

Estimating Amount of Food in a Circular Dining Bowl from a S...

8th International Workshop on Multimedia Assisted Dietary Management, MADiMa 2023, held with the 31st ACM International Conference on Multimedia

作者： Jia, Wenyan Li, Boyang Zheng, Yaguang Mao, Zhi-Hong Sun, Mingui Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Pittsburgh PittsburghPA United States Rory Meyers College of Nursing New York University New YorkNY United States Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Bioengineering University of Pittsburgh PittsburghPA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798400702846

Unhealthy diet is a top risk factor causing obesity and numerous chronic diseases. To help the public adopt healthy diet, nutrition scientists need user-friendly tools to conduct Dietary Assessment (DA). In recent years, new DA tools have been developed using a smartphone or a wearable device which acquires images during a meal. These images are then processed to estimate calories and nutrients of the consumed food. Although considerable progress has been made, 2D food images lack scale reference and 3D volumetric information. In addition, food must be sufficiently observable from the image. This basic condition can be met when the food is stand-alone (no food container is used) or it is contained in a shallow plate. However, the condition cannot be met easily when a bowl is used. The food is often occluded by the bowl edge, and the shape of the bowl may not be fully determined from the image. However, bowls are the most utilized food containers by billions of people in many parts of the world, especially in Asia and Africa. In this work, we propose to premeasure plates and bowls using a marked adhesive strip before a dietary study starts. This simple procedure eliminates the use of a scale reference throughout the DA study. In addition, we use mathematical models and image processing to reconstruct the bowl in 3D. Our key idea is to estimate how full the bowl is rather than how much food is (in either volume or weight) in the bowl. This idea reduces the effect of occlusion. The experimental data have shown satisfactory results of our methods which enable accurate DA studies using both plates and bowls with reduced burden on research participants. © 2023 ACM.

关键词： Nutrition

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On the Linearizing Effect of Temporal Averaging in Nonlinear Dynamical Systems

On the Linearizing Effect of Temporal Averaging in Nonlinear...

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American Control Conference (ACC)

作者： Sabbir Ahmed Erfan Nozari Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Riverside Departments of Mechanical Engineering Electrical and Computer Engineering and Bioengineering University of California Riverside

Application of low pass filters (LPFs) to remove noise components is a widely used methodology for processing signals acquired from diverse systems. LPFs are also intrinsic components of many natural and man-made systems, both intended and epiphenomenal, from electromechanical systems to traffic networks and the brain. Across all cases, the effects of LPFs are often studied in a pure filtering sense, such as temporal smoothing and removing high-pass noise components, causing delays and phase distortions, or limiting bandwidths. In this work, we instead show that low-pass filtering and the temporal averaging that underlies it can also have a major and fundamental impact on the linearity of the dynamics. We show using rigorous analysis that across a wide range of stochastic nonlinear systems, temporal averaging dampens nonlinearities and leads to more and more linear dynamics with stronger temporal averaging (lower LPF cutoff frequency), leading asymptotically to a completely linear system as the width of the window over which temporal averaging occurs tends to infinity (LPF cutoff frequency tends to zero). Our results have major implications in a wide range of application areas, including the study of the nervous system whereby LPFs are biologically and algorithmically abundant and a growing body of empirical evidence has found linear models as capable as nonlinear ones in describing neuronal time series.

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Metal carbonyl loaded nanoparticles for breast cancer biomarker detection 21

Metal carbonyl loaded nanoparticles for breast cancer biomar...

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Nanoscale Imaging, Sensing, and Actuation for Biomedical Applications XXI 2024

作者： Richard, Craig Hsieh, Pei-Hsuan Confer, Matthew Bhargava, Rohit Department of Bioengineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign United States Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign United States Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering Mechanical Science and Engineering Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Chemistry United States Cancer Center at Illinois University of Illinois at UrbanaChampaign Urbana United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781510669758

The potential advantages of infrared spectroscopic imaging for examination of cells and tissue biopsies for cancer histopathology is high, however there are fundamental limitations of FTIR that must first be addressed. One limitation is that Infrared spectroscopy lacks the sensitivity to detect biomarkers of disease directly. With cancer being one of the leading causes of death and its increasing prevalence, it is important to develop tools that can rapidly screen and enable rapid and simultaneous fingerprinting of biologic content and metabolic state. To address these limitations, probed Infrared spectroscopy is being explored. We report the successful synthesis, characterization, and application of metal carbonyl loaded nanoparticle probes for the detection of breast cancer biomarkers. © COPYRIGHT SPIE. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

关键词： Biomarkers

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GLOBAL LINEARIZATION WITHOUT HYPERBOLICITY

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Kvalheim, Matthew D. Sontag, Eduardo D. Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of Maryland Baltimore CountyMD United States Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Bioengineering Departments of Mathematics and Chemical Engineering Northeastern University BostonMA United States

We give a proof of an extension of the Hartman-Grobman theorem to nonhyperbolic but asymptotically stable equilibria of vector fields. Moreover, the linearizing topological conjugacy is (i) defined on the entire basin of attraction if the vector field is complete, and (ii) a Ck≥1 diffeomorphism on the complement of the equilibrium if the vector field is Ck and the underlying space is not 5-dimensional. We also show that the Ck statement in the 5-dimensional case is equivalent to the 4-dimensional smooth Poincaré conjecture. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Vector spaces

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Design Concept of a Wearable Device for Sleep Related Brain Wave Detection and Stimulation 4

Design Concept of a Wearable Device for Sleep Related Brain ...

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4th IEEE International Conference on Data Science and computer Application, ICDSCA 2024

作者： Yin, Ariel R. Zhang, David Z. Mao, David D. Li, Sichuang Cheng, Haoliang Deng, Yangfan Guo, Yifan Mao, Helen X. Yin, Jijun Mao, Zhi-Hong Canyon Crest Academy San DiegoCA United States University High School IrvineCA United States North Allegheny Intermediate High School PittsburghPA United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Pittsburgh PittsburghPA United States Department of Computer Science University of Pittsburgh PittsburghPA United States Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue University West LafayetteIN United States Yale College Yale University New HavenCT United States Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Bioengineering University of Pittsburgh PittsburghPA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368239

This paper presents a design concept of an innovative wearable device for brain wave detection and stimulation to aid sleep. Sleep’s importance for a healthy life emphasizes the value of studying the application of technology to improve sleep quality for individuals unable to receive a good night’s rest. Utilizing electroencephalography (EEG) for accurate sleep tracking, the device aims to be portable and efficient. It includes the EEG sensing and processing module, adaptive control and machine learning module, and electronic stimulation module, working together to guide the brain toward relaxation. Preliminary results demonstrate promising performances or necessities of the subsystems of the proposed design. ©2024 IEEE.

关键词： Sleep research

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Multi-Modal Vat Photopolymerization for Microscale Modulation of Scaffold Stiffness Assisted Via Machine Learning

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Kiratitanaporn, Wisarut Guan, Jiaao Berry, David B. Lao, Alison Chen, Shaochen Departments of Bioengineering Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery Departments of NanoEngineering University of California 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla San DiegoCA92093 United States

The ability to precisely control a scaffold’s microstructure and geometry with light-based 3D printing has been widely demonstrated. However, the modulation of scaffold’s mechanical properties through prescribed printing parameters is still underexplored. This study demonstrates a novel 3D-printing workflow to create a complex, elastomeric scaffold with precision engineered stiffness control by utilizing machine learning. Various printing parameters including the exposure time, light intensity, printing infill, laser pump current, and printing speed were modulated to print poly (glycerol sebacate) acrylate (PGSA) scaffolds with mechanical properties ranging from 49.3 ± 3.3 kPa to 2.78 ± 0.3 MPa. This enables flexibility in spatial stiffness modulation in addition to high resolution scaffold fabrication. Then, a neural network-based machine learning method was trained and validated to optimize printing parameters to yield scaffolds with user-defined stiffness modulation for two different vat photopolymerization methods: a digital light processing (DLP)-based 3D printer was utilized to rapidly fabricate stiffness modulated scaffolds with features on the hundreds of microns scale and a two-photon polymerization (2PP) 3D printer was utilized to print fine structures on the micron scale. A novel 3D-printing workflow was designed to utilize both DLP-based and 2PP 3D printers to create multi-scale scaffolds with precision tuned stiffness control over both gross and fine geometric features. The described workflow can be used to fabricate scaffolds for a variety of tissue engineering applications, specifically for interfacial tissue engineering for which adjacent tissues possess heterogeneous mechanical properties (e.g. muscle-tendon). © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： 3D printing

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On the Linearizing Effect of Spatial Averaging in Large-Scale Populations of Homogeneous Nonlinear Systems

On the Linearizing Effect of Spatial Averaging in Large-Scal...

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IEEE Conference on Decision and Control

ISBN: (数字)9781665467612

ISBN: (纸本)9781665467629

Understanding the dynamics resulting from large-scale populations of systems poses one of the greatest challenges ahead of modern science. While it is often expected that the emerging dynamics from such populations compound in complexity, we here show that, on the contrary, the aggregation of complex individual dynamics can in fact lead to simpler behavior overall. In particular, mounting empirical evidence from neuroscience and beyond has pointed out the linearity of macroscopic dynamics that result from the interaction of large populations of microscopic subsystems, despite the highly nonlinear dynamics possessed by the individual subsystems. Rigorous analyses and theoretical grounds for such observations, however, have remained lacking. In this paper, we develop a general theoretical framework showing that the average dynamics of a broad family of populations of nonlinear stochastic subsystems converge to linear time-varying (LTV) dynamics transiently and to linear time-invariant (LTI) dynamics in steady state. Simulations are provided to illustrate this effect in populations of static (feedforward) nonlinear maps as well as a wide range of nonlinear systems exhibiting bistable, limit cycle, and chaotic dynamics.

关键词： Linear systems Neuroscience Microscopy Sociology Linearity Limit-cycles Steady-state

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Graphical Construction of Stability Certificates for Biomolecular Interaction Networks

Graphical Construction of Stability Certificates for Biomole...

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IEEE Conference on Decision and Control

作者： M. Ali Al-Radhawi Departments of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Bioengineering Northeastern University Boston MA United States

ISBN: (数字)9781665467612

ISBN: (纸本)9781665467629

We study robust stability of Biological Interaction Networks (BINs) by constructing stability certificates in the form of Robust Lyapunov Functions (RLFs) using graphical methods. Previous works have mainly constructed RLFs by utilizing linear programs or iterative algorithms. Such algorithms become tedious or computationally infeasible for large networks. In addition, they do not identify motifs or graph modifications that maintain stability. In this work, we provide several graphical criteria for constructing stability certificates. We characterize a set of stability-preserving graph modifications which include, in particular, the enzymatic catalysis motif. Hence, stability of a class of arbitrarily large networks can be examined by simple visual inspection. We present applications of this technique to Post-Translational Modification (PTM) cycles, Ribosome Flow Model (RFM), and T-cell kinetic proofreading.

关键词： Visualization Robust stability Biological system modeling Stability criteria Inspection Control systems Kinetic theory

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Study of ASIC Readout Used for Detectors in an MR Compatible, RF-Penetrable TOF-PET Insert

Study of ASIC Readout Used for Detectors in an MR Compatible...

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2022 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium, Medical Imaging Conference, and Room Temperature Semiconductor Detector Conference, IEEE NSS MIC RTSD 2022

作者： Dong, Qian Sajedi, Salar Sacco, Ilaria Fischer, Peter Levin, Craig S. Stanford University Departments of Electrical Engineering and Radiology StanfordCA United States Stanford University Departments of Radiology StanfordCA United States Heidelberg University Department of Computer Science Baden-Württemberg Germany Stanford University Department of Radiology Electrical Engineering Bioengineering and Physics United States StanfordCA94305 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781665488723

Developing positron emission tomography (PET) systems with high channel number has driven the need for application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) owing to their compactness, multi-channel readout capability, and excellent time and energy resolution performance. They can also be quite flexible by employing field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) in the readout circuit. In particular, the ASIC+FPGA approach provides a high performance and compact solution for TOF-PET applications. ASICs serve functions of extracting time and energy information from analog SiPM signals, and an FPGA is employed for other application-specific requirements like on-board chip configuration, communication with data acquisition (DAQ) systems, and system monitoring. Based on this foundation, we developed TOF-capable detector modules for our second generation RF-penetrable PET insert. During our previous experiments, we found that different trigger and readout methods lead to different noise pattern and intensity in MR environment, and also have different singles count loss ratio. This paper aims to study and compare different readout configurations for our MR-compatible detectors. We studied four trigger and readout methods: hit-standard, frequent-standard, hit-bypass, and frequent-bypass, and compared their singles count loss ratios with both theoretical models and experimental results. For all four methods, the theoretical results matched the experimental results well. The two methods which used bypass mode performed better than those using the standard mode approach. With the most optimized trigger and readout method (hit-bypass), we achieved 1.2% singles count loss ratio at a 20 kcps count rate per channel. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： ASIC FPGA PET insert readout TOF-PET

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Design of Modular Readout Electronics for Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) PET Imaging of the Plants Rhizosphere

Design of Modular Readout Electronics for Cadmium Zinc Tellu...

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2022 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium, Medical Imaging Conference, and Room Temperature Semiconductor Detector Conference, IEEE NSS MIC RTSD 2022

作者： Ullah, Muhammad Nasir Groll, Andrew Innes, Derek Abbaszadeh, Shiva Levin, Craig S. Stanford University Department of Radiology CA94305 United States CA United States University of California Santa Cruz Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Santa CruzCA95064 United States Departments of Radiology Electrical Engineering Bioengineering Physics StanfordCA94305 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781665488723

To study and quantify the dynamic behavior of a plant's soil-root interface (rhizosphere), we are developing a hybrid positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) system to obtain in situ 3D images to help in modeling the Earth System Model (ESM) in a precise manner. ESM integrates the relevant aspects of the earth system to study the state of climate under various of conditions. The proposed system aims to understand the complex bi-directional flow of carbon in the rhizosphere by quantitatively measuring11C concentration. The rhizosphere imaging requires the creation of a PET system with high sensitivity and excellent spatial resolution;a dual panel geometry of cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) detectors with fine electrodes is being refined and scaled to a 4-panel system to answer the demands. This work focuses on the development, evaluation, and integration of the critical intermediate board (IB) needed to support approximately 5 thousand channels in the CZT PET system and provide modularity to the system. A Rigid-Flex PCB approach is adopted to design the IB. The rigid region will provide firm mechanical support for direct placement of the necessary electronic components and connectors, and the flex region will help to align the subsequent readout boards at the backend of the IB while maintaining the dense packing fraction at front-end where the CZT crystals are connected. Three CZT module (each module comprising of 2-crystals of 39x39 x5 mm3 sandwiched in anode-cathode-cathode-anode configuration) along with 1-mm thick mechanical support on either side of modules will be directly attached to two IBs which forms one tray to modularize the entire system. This modularized design will help to assemble and dissemble the system in an efficient way and minimize the chance of damaging the crystal assemblies. This new IB design will address the troubleshooting/repairing experience and modularity issues that were taking significant amount of time and energy. © 20

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