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Frontiers in Optics, FiO 2011

作者： Tripathi, Santosh Toussaint, Kimani C. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign IL 61820 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign IL 61820 United States Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign IL 61820 United States Affiliate in the departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Bioengineering University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign IL 61820 United States

We present a non-interferometric method for generating vector beams. Potential gain in stability obtained from using this non-interferometric approach is expected to facilitate the use of vector beams in metrology and... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781557529176

关键词： Azimuthally polarized beams Laser beams Liquid crystal modulators Nematic liquid crystals Phase shift Vector beams Optical properties (160.4760) Microscopy (180.0180)

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Software-based ultrasound phase rotation beamforming on multi-core DSP

Software-based ultrasound phase rotation beamforming on mult...

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IEEE Symposium (IUS) Ultrasonics

作者： Jieming Ma Kerem Karadayi Murtaza Ali Yongmin Kim Departments of Electrical Engineering University of Washington Seattle WA USA Texas Instruments Inc. Dallas TX USA Departments of Electrical Engineering Departments of Computer Science and Engineering POSTECH Pohang South Korea Departments of Electrical Engineering Departments of Bioengineering University of Washington Seattle WA USA

Phase rotation beamforming (PRBF) is a commonly-used digital receive beamforming technique. However, due to its high computational requirement, it has traditionally been supported by hardwired architectures (e.g., application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) or more recently field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs)). In this paper, we investigate the feasibility of supporting software-based PRBF on a multi-core DSP. To alleviate the high computing requirement, the analog front-end (AFE) chips integrating quadrature demodulation in addition to analog-to-digital conversion could be adopted. Under this condition, only delay alignment and phase rotation need to be performed by DSP, substantially reducing the computational load. We implemented the delay alignment and phase rotation modules on a Texas Instruments C6678 DSP with 8 cores. With a sampling rate of 40 MHz and 2:1 decimation, it takes 200 μs to generate one scanline (2048 samples/scanline) on two cores. With 4 cores, it can support beamforming for 64 channels with 10k scanlines/s, e.g., 200 scanlines/frame and at 50 frames/s. The remaining 4 cores can work on back-end processing tasks and applications, e.g., color Doppler or ultrasound elastography.

关键词： Array signal processing Digital signal processing Delay Ultrasonic imaging Table lookup Demodulation Multicore processing

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Flexible Organic Electronics for Use in Neural Sensing

Flexible Organic Electronics for Use in Neural Sensing

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society

作者： Hank Bink Yuming Lai Sangameshwar R. Saudari Brian Helfer Jonathan Viventi Jan Van der Spiegel Brian Litt Cherie Kagan Bioengineering Department University of Pennsylvania Electrical and Systems Engineering Department University of Pennsylvania Materials Science and Engineering Department University of Pennsylvania Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of Connecticut Departments of Bioengineering and Neurology University of Pennsylvania Departments of Electrical and Systems Engineering Materials Science and Engineering and Chemistry University of Pennsylvania

ISBN: (纸本)9781424441211

Recent research in brain-machine interfaces and devices to treat neurological disease indicate that important network activity exists at temporal and spatial scales beyond the resolution of existing implantable devices. High density, active electrode arrays hold great promise in enabling high-resolution interface with the brain to access and influence this network activity. Integrating flexible electronic devices directly at the neural interface can enable thousands of multiplexed electrodes to be connected using many fewer wires. Active electrode arrays have been demonstrated using flexible, inorganic silicon transistors. However, these approaches may be limited in their ability to be cost-effectively scaled to large array sizes (8×8 cm). Here we show amplifiers built using flexible organic transistors with sufficient performance for neural signal recording. We also demonstrate a pathway for a fully integrated, amplified and multiplexed electrode array built from these devices.

关键词： Electrodes Pentacene Thin film transistors Performance evaluation Educational institutions

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Model based POD techniques for enhancing reliability of steam generator tube inspection

Model based POD techniques for enhancing reliability of stea...

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International Conference on Prognostics and Health Management, PHM

作者： Yiming Deng Xin Liu Guang Yang Bioengineering University of Colorado Denver Denver CO USA Departments of Electrical Engineering University of Colorado Denver Denver CO USA NDE Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Michigan State University East Lansing MI USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781424498284

In recent times, we have seen a dramatic increase in the need for prognostics and health management of steam generator (SG) tubes in nuclear power plants. Faster and cheaper implementations of new inspection technologies, including probe designs and signal analysis systems are required. The reliability of these new designs can be assessed by a quantitative probability of detection (POD) study. It is known that there are a number of uncertainties (variabilities or noise), such as system/probe coil construction, inspection procedure, human factors, etc., that can perturb measurements, and thereby affect the accept/reject decision. In contrast to conventional approaches, this paper describes a model based POD evaluation method, to study the effect of single sources of uncertainty on the POD, which in turn can be used to optimize probe/system design and operation. An uncertainty factor with dramatic effect on POD can be identified as a "sensitive" factor in the probe/system design or measurement.

关键词： Probes Electron tubes Inspection Uncertainty Noise Numerical models Geometry

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Spiking neural network decoder for brain-machine interfaces

Spiking neural network decoder for brain-machine interfaces

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International IEEE/EMBS Conference on Neural engineering, CNE

作者： Julie Dethier Vikash Gilja Paul Nuyujukian Shauki A. Elassaad Krishna V. Shenoy Kwabena Boahen Department of Bioengineering University of Stanford Stanford CA USA Department of Computer Science and Stanford Institute of Neuro-Innovation and Translational Neuroscience University of Stanford Stanford CA USA Department of Bioengineering and MSTP University of Stanford Stanford CA USA Departments of Electrical Engineering and Bioengineering Neurosciences Program University of Stanford Stanford CA USA

We used a spiking neural network (SNN) to decode neural data recorded from a 96-electrode array in premotor/motor cortex while a rhesus monkey performed a point-to-point reaching arm movement task. We mapped a Kalman-filter neural prosthetic decode algorithm developed to predict the arm's velocity on to the SNN using the Neural engineering Framework and simulated it using Nengo, a freely available software package. A 20,000-neuron network matched the standard decoder's prediction to within 0.03% (normalized by maximum arm velocity). A 1,600-neuron version of this network was within 0.27%, and run in real-time on a 3GHz PC. These results demonstrate that a SNN can implement a statistical signal processing algorithm widely used as the decoder in high-performance neural prostheses (Kalman filter), and achieve similar results with just a few thousand neurons. Hardware SNN implementations - neuromorphic chips - may offer power savings, essential for realizing fully-implantable cortically controlled prostheses.

关键词： Neurons Kalman filters Decoding Prosthetics Neuroscience Real time systems Neuromorphics

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Fabrication of Silicon on Borosilicate Glass Microarrays for Quantitative Live Cell Imaging

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MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) 2011年第1期1346卷 mrss11-1346-aa04-02-mrss11-1346-aa04-02页

作者： David T. Martin Sergio Sandoval Andy Carter Mark Rodwell Stefan Smith Andrew C. Kummel Davorka Messmer Departments of Electrical & Computer Engineering University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Dr. La Jolla CA 92093. Departments of Bioengineering University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Dr. La Jolla CA 92093. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering University of California Santa Barbara CA 93106. Departments of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Dr. La Jolla CA 92093. Departments of Chemistry & Biochemistry Nanoengineering University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Dr. La Jolla CA 92093. Departments of Moores Cancer Center University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Dr. La Jolla CA 92093.

Planar arrays of microwells were fabricated in Silicon on borosilicate glass (pyrex) substrates in order to facilitate live cell fluorescence imaging experiments for cells sequestered inside their own individual microenvironments for incubation and quantification of single cell seceretions. Two methods of deep silicon etching were compared: cryogenic deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) and time multiplexed DIRE (Bosch Process). A 200um Si wafer was bonded to a 500um pyrex substrate. Cryogenic DRIE allowed for the reliable fabrication of 75-100um deep microwells with 60x60um openings across a 10x10mm substrate while the Bosh Process allowed for etching entirely through the Si layer, producing 200um deep microwells with transparent bottoms and steep sidewalls while maintaining the target 60x60um opening geometry.

关键词： biological microstructure Si

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Movement strategies and the necessity for task differentiation

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Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2011年第2期14卷 359-364页

作者： Daniel M. Corcos Simon R. Gutman Gyan C. Agarwal Gerald L. Gottlieb College of Kinesiology University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago IL 60680 Department of Physiology Rush Medical College Chicago IL 60612 Departments of Electrical Engineering Computer Science and Bioengineering University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago IL 60680 Electronic mail: agarwal@uicbert.eecs.uic.edu

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Combining wireless neural recording and video capture for the analysis of natural gait

Combining wireless neural recording and video capture for th...

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International IEEE/EMBS Conference on Neural engineering, CNE

作者： Justin D. Foster Oren Freifeld Paul Nuyujukian Stephen I. Ryu Michael J. Black Krishna V. Shenoy Department of Electrical Engineering University of Stanford Stanford CA USA Division of Applied Mathematics Brown University Providence RI USA Bioengineering and Stanford Medical School University of Stanford Stanford CA USA Department of Neurosurgery Palo Alto Medical Foundation Palo Alto CA USA Department of Computer Science Brown University Providence RI USA Max-Planck Institute Tubingen Germany Departments of Electrical Engineering Bioengineering and Neurobiology and the Neurosciences Program University of Stanford Stanford CA USA

Neural control of movement is typically studied in constrained environments where there is a reduced set of possible behaviors. This constraint may unintentionally limit the applicability of findings to the generalized case of unconstrained behavior. We hypothesize that examining the unconstrained state across multiple behavioral contexts will lead to new insights into the neural control of movement and help advance the design of neural prosthetic decode algorithms. However, to pursue electrophysiological studies in such a manner requires a more flexible framework for experimentation. We propose that head-mounted neural recording systems with wireless data transmission, combined with markerless computer-vision based motion tracking, will enable new, less constrained experiments. As a proof-of-concept, we recorded and wirelessly transmitted broadband neural data from 32 electrodes in premotor cortex while acquiring single-camera video of a rhesus macaque walking on a treadmill. We demonstrate the ability to extract behavioral kinematics using an automated computer vision algorithm without use of markers and to predict kinematics from the neural data. Together these advances suggest that a new class of “freely moving monkey” experiments should be possible and should help broaden our understanding of the neural control of movement.

关键词： Animals Kinematics Decoding Neuroscience Synchronization Image segmentation Wireless communication

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Comparison of forward and backward SHG images using Fourier transform-second-harmonic generation imaging

Comparison of forward and backward SHG images using Fourier ...

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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2010

作者： Ramachandra Rao, Raghu Ambekar Mehta, Monal R. Leithem, Scott Toussaint, Kimani C. Jr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Urbana-Champaign IL 61820 United States Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering Urbana-Champaign IL 61820 United States Affiliate in the departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Bioengineering University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign IL 61820 United States

We compare the forward and backward SHG images for porcine tendon, sclera, and ear cartilage using Fourier transform-second-harmonic generation microscopy. The preferred orientation and peaks in the magnitude spectrum... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781557528896

关键词： Harmonic generation

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The design and realization of a wearable embedded device for dietary and physical activity monitoring

The design and realization of a wearable embedded device for...

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3rd International Symposium on Systems and Control in Aeronautics and Astronautics, ISSCAA2010

作者： Zhang, Hong Li, Yuecheng Hackworth, Steven A. Yue, Yaofeng Li, Chengliu Yan, Guifang Sun, Mingui Image and Pattern Recognition Lab. School of Astronautics Beihang University 100191 China Departments of Neurosurgery Electrical and Computer Engineering and Bioengineering University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15213 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Pittsburgh United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781424460441

This paper introduces the design and realization of a wearable device for dietary and physical activity monitoring. This design is based on technological advances in microelectronics and our previous prototypes which have verified the system concept. From our results, it is shown that the device meets all functional requirements as well as size and power consumption constraints essential to participants' use. With further technological development, we believe that the size of the system can be reduced and accurate and objective dietary assessments will become possible. ©2010 IEEE.

关键词： Wearable technology

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