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Synchro-Waveform-Based Event Identification Using Multi-Task Time-Frequency Transform Networks

IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid 2025年第3期16卷 2647-2658页

作者： Qiu, Wei Yin, He Dong, Yuqing Wei, Xiang Liu, Yilu Yao, Wenxuan Hunan University College of Electrical and Information Engineering Changsha410082 China University of Tennessee Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science KnoxvilleTN37996 United States The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Hong Kong

Influenced by the transient dynamics and reduced inertia characteristics of high-penetration renewable energy systems, power system events frequently exhibit distinct characteristics such as high-frequency components including wide-band oscillations and hyper-harmonics. This makes standard systems face challenges including significant latency and reduced accuracy due to limited data resolution. However, current methods face significant limitations, including insufficient pattern capture ability, low noise immunity, limited feature learning, and restricted localization capabilities, thereby hindering real-time performance. To tackle this issue, this paper proposed a novel synchro-waveform-based event identification approach via a Multi-task Time-frequency Transform Network (MTTNet). Initially, a Time-frequency Transform Block (TTB) is developed to extract both local and global information. The TTB leverages both Fourier and S-transforms to derive comprehensive time-frequency information from synchro-waveforms. Subsequently, a multi-task learning strategy is employed to identify the type and distinguish localization of events. Integrating the TTB and multi-task learning, the MTTNet is designed for synchro-waveform-based event identification, incorporating an adaptive weighting strategy and simplified computation for the S-transform. Two different datasets, comprising simulated and actual synchro-waveforms, are collected from the IEEE 123 bus system and a real-world high-penetration renewable energy system using a universal grid analyzer. Extensive experiments on various conditions are carried out. Results demonstrated that the MTTNet consistently surpasses both basic and advanced baselines, with maximum improvements of 13.24% and 9.86%, respectively, while reducing the calculation burden by 15-19 times to achieve real-time event identification. © 2010-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Multi-task learning

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On the Fundamental Tradeoff of Joint Communication and Quickest Change Detection With State-Independent Data Channels

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IEEE Transactions on Communications 2025年第5期73卷 3061-3075页

作者： Seo, Daewon Hoon Lim, Sung Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Daegu42988 Korea Republic of Hallym University School of Information Sciences Chuncheon24252 Korea Republic of

In this work, we take the initiative in studying the information-theoretic tradeoff between communication and quickest change detection (QCD) under an integrated sensing and communication setting. We formally establish a joint communication and sensing problem for the quickest change detection. We assume a broadcast channel with a transmitter, a communication receiver, and a QCD detector in which only the detection channel is state dependent. For the problem setting, by utilizing constant subblock-composition codes and a modified CuSum detection rule, which we call subblock CuSum (SCS), we provide an inner bound on the information-theoretic tradeoff between communication rate and change point detection delay in the asymptotic regime of vanishing false alarm rate. We further provide a partial converse that matches our inner bound for a certain class of codes. This implies that the SCS detection strategy is asymptotically optimal for our codes as the false alarm rate constraint vanishes. We also present some canonical examples of the tradeoff region for a binary channel, a scalar Gaussian channel, and a MIMO Gaussian channel. © 1972-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Block codes

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DSCR: A Dynamic Secure Clustering Routing Scheme for UANETs Based on Reputation Mechanism

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年第10期12卷 14109-14123页

作者： Gong, Yinyan Chen, Yuxiang Li, Kuanching Liang, Wei Li, Xiong Wang, Jin Xiang, Yang Hunan University of Science and Technology School of Computer Science and Engineering Xiangtan411201 China Sanya Research Institute Hunan University of Science and Technology Sanya572024 China School of Computer Science and Engineering Hunan Key Laboratory for Service Computing and Novel Software Technology Xiangtan411201 China Institute for Cyber Security School of Computer Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu611731 China Swinburne University of Technology School of Software and Electrical Engineering HawthornVIC3122 Australia

In UAV ad hoc networks (UANETs), rapid movement of nodes leads to frequent changes in network topology, increasing the risk of packet loss and affecting data transmission. Furthermore, current research on drone clustering lacks security considerations, which reduces the reliability of data transmission. Due to this, improving the stability and reliability of network data transmission in dynamically changing UANETs remains a challenge. In this work, we propose the reputation mechanism dynamically secure cluster routing scheme (DSCR) for UANETs, a design for cluster head election in UANETs using the evaluated value and reputation value of drones and forms clusters through this reputation mechanism to avoid malicious nodes from interfering with the clusters to improve the security of UANETs. We apply a residual link survival time-based intra- and inter-cluster algorithm based on residual link survival time for data forwarding of nodes, optimizing the dynamic routing strategy and reducing the packet loss rate of nodes. In addition, reinforcement learning is used in UANETs to achieve cluster decisions based on the current network state and cluster dynamics, effectively improving the stability of clusters. Experiments were conducted on the proposed method to verify its efficiency and stability. Compared to the ICRA, RICR, and DCA algorithms, the stability of the cluster is improved by 11.92%, 28.12%, and 75.2%, respectively, and the packet loss rate reduced by 41.48%, 44.17%, and 55.74%, demonstrating that DSCR is a compelling dynamic routing solution applicable to UANETs. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Drones

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Two-Timescale Hierarchical Contract for Joint Computation Offloading and Energy Management in Edge Computing System

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IEEE Transactions on Network science and engineering 2025年第3期12卷 1745-1760页

作者： Yan, Min Wang, Li Xu, Lianming Hou, Luyang Han, Zhu Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications School of Computer Science National Pilot Software Engineering School Beijing100876 China Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications School of Electronic Engineering Beijing100876 China University of Houston Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering HoustonTX77004 United States Kyung Hee University Department of Computer Science and Engineering Seoul446-701 Korea Republic of

To mitigate the rising energy costs in edge computing, edge servers (ESs) can receive revenues from reducing their energy usage by contracting with virtual power plant (VPP). ESs also respond to user equipment (UE) by providing computation offloading services. However, such two-layer coordinated trading of computation offloading and energy management in a VPP-ES-UE architecture should address the information asymmetry issue and uncertain task arrivals, posing challenges to maximizing the stakeholders' utility. In this paper, we formulate the two-layer coordinated trading as a hierarchical contracting problem, which addresses the information asymmetry using two contract models. We design a VPP-ES energy contract on a large timescale and an ES-UE computation contract on a small timescale, where ESs need to coordinate the future task arrivals under the energy reduction target assigned by VPP. We construct a two-timescale virtual queue to achieve the energy reduction goal by the long-term queue stability constraint and employ Lyapunov optimization to transform the original problem into an online optimization problem without requiring future information. An online two-timescale hierarchical contract optimization algorithm is proposed to solve the transformed problem. The simulation results demonstrate that our method achieves higher social welfare compared to other benchmarks. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Computation offloading

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Enhancing Security in Microgrids via Grid-Forming Converter Control by Contingency Mitigation, Overload Protection, and Voltage Balancing

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IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 2025年第3期40卷 1254-1266页

作者： Häselbarth, Stefan Strunz, Kai The Chair of Sustainable Electric Networks and Sources of Energy School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Technische Universität Berlin Berlin10587 Germany

System-critical applications in microgrids call for the continuation of power supply, even under failure, in order to provide high levels of power quality and security. This is supported by the proposed method of comprehensive converter control for counteracting contingencies (C5) in four-wire electrical networks. The method detects and addresses unbalanced short-circuit faults and line overloading by means of algorithm-based mitigation functions to protect converter hardware and continue operation of grid-forming voltage sourced converters. The combination of three mitigation functions is devised for the grid-forming converter control: the maximum sinusoidal current utilizer, the overload phase balancer, and the fast virtual impedance-based current limiter. Through this complementary set of functions, it becomes possible to achieve a continued converter operation at nominal phase voltages in non-faulty phases and to provide full current utilization in faulty phases under short-circuit scenarios. The method provides a fast and accurate current limitation without distorting fault currents, as well as the ability to transition smoothly between overload conditions, contingencies, and normal operation. In this way, the method contributes to maintaining power quality. Simulations and laboratory experiments demonstrate the method’s effectiveness and confirm its added value in enhancing modern power supply. ©1968-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Microgrids

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Verifying or Clarifying? User Preferences for Mobile Crowdsourcing in Response to Seemingly Inconsistent Sensor Data

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Proceedings of the ACM on Human-computer Interaction 2025年第2期9卷 1-35页

作者： Chiang, You-Hsuan Hsu, Je-Wei Chiu, Hsin-Lun Liu, Chung-En Huang, Tzu-Yu Chang, Yung-Ju KTH Royal Institute of Technology School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Stockholm Sweden National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Department of Computer Science Hsinchu Taiwan

In the realm of smart cities, sensor technologies play a pivotal role in monitoring urban facilities and environments, providing real-time, site-specific information to residents. However, discrepancies often arise in sensor data due to variances in granularity, abstraction, and scope, which can foster uncertainty regarding the actual conditions on-site. This study explores whether, under these circumstances, individuals prefer on-site mobile crowds for verification purposes or for the provision of supplementary contextual information to aid in decision-making. Conducting an online study with 100 participants from Taiwan, who engaged in a think-aloud process while utilizing smart city sensor data for decision-making, our findings indicate that participants more often (54%) preferred seeking verification over supplementary contextual information (46%). Both pre-existing expectations and the sense of task urgency affected participants’ choices between verification and supplementary contextual information. However, we found that the driving factor for seeking supplementary contextual information was not sensor data deviating from pre-existing expectations, but rather the absence of such pre-existing expectations. Our qualitative data also uncovered five primary motivations and four factors influencing the choice of crowdsourced information. Overall, these findings contribute to our understanding of how people leverage on-site mobile crowds to supplement sensor data in the context of smart cities. © 2025 Copyright held by the owner/author(s). Publication rights licensed to ACM.

关键词： Crowdsourcing

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How Lightweight Deep Learning Enhances Performance in DPU-Accelerated Autonomous Driving on Zynq SoC 11

How Lightweight Deep Learning Enhances Performance in DPU-Ac...

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11th International Conference on Mechatronics and Robotics engineering, ICMRE 2025

作者： Hwang, Gyu Hyeon Oh, HoBin Jeon, Jae Wook Sungkyunkwan University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Suwon Korea Republic of Sungkyunkwan University Department of Computer Science and Engineering Suwon Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9798331509293

This study presents a lightweight deep learning model developed for DPU-accelerated systems. It aims to provide real-time autonomous driving on resource-constrained systems such as the Ultra96v2. A customized kids electric car served as the platform. Custom power supply and steering control systems were set up in the car to enable real-world testing. To enhance inference performance, various methods were used. These included input size reduction, channel-pruning, and quantization. As a consequence, the pruned and quantized YOLOv3-Tiny model produced a frame rate of 67.592 FPS. This is roughly a 25x increase over the original YOLOv3's 2.715 FPS on Ultra96v2's PL domain. These results show that real-time deployment is feasible on FPGA-based platforms. The work offers insights for creating efficient and scalable embedded systems for self-driving vehicle system. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Direct digital control systems

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Generating Temporal Contact Graphs Using Random Walkers

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IEEE Transactions on Network science and engineering 2025年第3期12卷 1649-1659页

作者： Almasan, Anton-David Shvydun, Sergey Scholtes, Ingo Van Mieghem, Piet Delft University of Technology Faculty of Electrical Engineering Mathematics and Computer Science Delft2628 CD Netherlands 50 Würzburg97074 Germany

We study human mobility networks through timeseries of contacts between individuals. Our proposed Random Walkers Induced temporal Graph (RWIG) model generates temporal graph sequences based on independent random walkers that traverse an underlying graph in discrete time steps. Co-location of walkers at a given node and time defines an individual-level contact. RWIG is shown to be a realistic model for temporal human contact graphs, which may place RWIG on a same footing as the Erdos–Renyi (ER) and Barabasi–Albert (BA) models for fixed graphs. Moreover, RWIG is analytically feasible: we derive closed form solutions for the probability distribution of contact graphs. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Generative adversarial networks

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Learned, uncertainty-driven adaptive acquisition for photon-efficient scanning microscopy

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Optics Express 2025年第6期33卷 12269-12287页

作者： Ye, Cassandra Tong Han, Jiashu Liu, Kunzan Angelopoulos, Anastasios Griffith, Linda Monakhova, Kristina You, Sixian The Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science CambridgeMA02139 United States Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science Columbia University in The City of New York New YorkNY10027 United States University of California Berkeley Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science BerkeleyCA94720 United States Department of Biological Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States

Scanning microscopy systems, such as confocal and multiphoton microscopy, are powerful imaging tools for probing deep into biological tissue. However, scanning systems have an inherent trade-off between acquisition time, field of view, phototoxicity, and image quality. This often results in noisy measurements when fast, large field of view, and/or gentle imaging is needed. Deep learning could be used to denoise noisy microscopy measurements, but these algorithms can be prone to hallucination, which can be disastrous for medical and scientific applications. We propose a method to simultaneously denoise and predict pixel-wise uncertainty for scanning microscopy systems, improving algorithm trustworthiness and providing statistical guarantees for deep learning predictions. Furthermore, we propose to leverage this learned, pixel-wise uncertainty to drive an adaptive acquisition technique that rescans only the most uncertain regions of a sample, saving time and reducing the total light dose to the sample. We demonstrate our method on experimental confocal and multiphoton microscopy systems, showing that our uncertainty maps can pinpoint hallucinations in the deep learned predictions. Finally, with our adaptive acquisition technique, we demonstrate up to 16× reduction in acquisition time and total light dose while successfully recovering fine features in the sample and reducing hallucinations. We are the first to demonstrate distribution-free uncertainty quantification for a denoising task with real experimental data and the first to propose adaptive acquisition based on reconstruction uncertainty. © 2025 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreement.

关键词： Pixels

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Global Color-Aware Arbitrary Style Transfer with Discrete Wavelet Transform 20th

Global Color-Aware Arbitrary Style Transfer with Discrete W...

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20th IFIP WG 10.3 International Conference on Network and Parallel Computing, NPC 2024

作者： Chen, Bochao Tan, Junhao Li, Xiaoqiang Pei, Songwen School of Computer Engineering and Science Shanghai University Shanghai200444 China School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai200093 China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819628292

The purpose of image arbitrary style transfer is to apply a given artistic or photorealistic style to a target content image. While existing methods can effectively transfer style information, the variability in color brightness features between the style and content images can significantly impact the quality of the style transfer. Specifically, traditional arbitrary style transfer relies on an encoder-decoder architecture of spatial-aware neural networks operating in the RGB domain, which typically preserves only local color brightness information and lacks a global color perception compared to the wavelet frequency domain. In this paper, we address the issue of insufficient global color perception in images from the perspective of image enhancement. We propose Global Color-aware Arbitrary Style Transfer with Discrete Wavelet Transform (GCAST), which achieves a balance between the global color characteristics of style images and the local details of content images. Our approach involves an encoder that integrates preliminary feature encoding through cross-layer attention fusion, while the decoder modifies frequency features using a wavelet-based adjustment block. To maintain a balance between content and style in the stylized images, we design a comprehensive loss function that incorporates multiple restoration loss, double style loss, and noise regularization loss. Extensive experiments comparing our method with state-of-the-art techniques demonstrate that our proposed model generates stylized images with superior results in terms of global color perception and human perceptual studies. © IFIP International Federation for Information Processing 2025.

关键词： Decoding

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