I WetBiIl is a business model, set of protocols, and software implementation for commerce in information goods and other network-delivered services. It has very low transaction costs for micropayments (around I cent f...
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I WetBiIl is a business model, set of protocols, and software implementation for commerce in information goods and other network-delivered services. It has very low transaction costs for micropayments (around I cent for a 10 cent item), protects the privacy of the transaction, and is highly scalable. Of special interest is our new certified delivery mechanism which delivers information goods if and only if the consumer has paid for them. This article discusses the design of the NetBill protocol and our World Wide Web (WWW) prototype implementation. As the explosive growth of the Internet continues, more people rely on networks for timely information. However, since most information on the Internet today is free, intellectual property owners have little incentive to make valuable information accessible through the network. There are many potential providers who could sell information on the Internet and many potential consumers for that information. What is missing is an electronic commerce mechanism that links the merchants and the consumers. NetBill is a business model, set of protocols, and software implementation allowing consumers to payowners and retailers of information. While NetBill will enable a market economy in information, we still expect that there will be an active exchange of free information.
In designing a compensator for a robust force controlled grinding system several constraints must be considered. It is critical that the grinding force is decoupled from the feed velocity of the system. Therefore, two...
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In designing a compensator for a robust force controlled grinding system several constraints must be considered. It is critical that the grinding force is decoupled from the feed velocity of the system. Therefore, two separate control loops are designed, a feed velocity loop and a force loop. Besides decoupling the force and velocity, a variety of other system performance specifications must be achieved. To aid in the design of the control loops, several parametric plots are used to visualize the effects of various control parameters on the closed-loop system dynamics as well as the coupling of the two loops.< >
The author proposes a mechanism called the priority token bank for admission control, scheduling, and policing in integrated-services networks, where arrival processes and performance objectives can vary greatly from ...
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The author proposes a mechanism called the priority token bank for admission control, scheduling, and policing in integrated-services networks, where arrival processes and performance objectives can vary greatly from one packet stream to another. There are two principal components to the priority token bank: accepting or rejecting requests to admit entire packet streams, where acceptance means guaranteeing that the packet stream's performance objectives will be met, and scheduling the transmission of packets such that performance objectives are met, even under heavy loads. To the extent possible, the performance of traffic is also optimized beyond the requirements. The performance achieved with the priority token bank is compared to that of other typical algorithms. It is shown that, when operating under the constraint that the performance objectives of applications such as packet voice, HDTV (high-definition television) and bulk data transfer must be met in an ATM (asynchronous transfer mode) network, the mean delay experienced by other traffic is much better with the priority token bank. Equivalently, to achieve the same performance with other algorithms, it would be necessary to greatly reduce the network load.< >
This paper suggests a method of control system parameter selection based on a set of parametric plots of closed-loop system performance. Here, the performance measures of rise time, settling time, percent overshoot, r...
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This paper suggests a method of control system parameter selection based on a set of parametric plots of closed-loop system performance. Here, the performance measures of rise time, settling time, percent overshoot, root sensitivity, gain margin, and phase margin are investigated as functions of the forward loop gain. The explicit functional dependence of these performance indices is summarized in plots that highlight the control system design space as well as the tradeoffs between feasible system parameters. An example problem demonstrates how the information serves as an aid in satisfying design specifications and uncovering design tradeoffs.
This book presents an extremely readable and comprehensive overview of the general engineering considerations necessary for the design of telecommunciation networks. The author's thirtyfive years of experience in ...
This book presents an extremely readable and comprehensive overview of the general engineering considerations necessary for the design of telecommunciation networks. The author's thirtyfive years of experience in the telecommunication industry clearly shows in the easy, but informative and authoritative, way in which he addresses the various complex issues involved in the design of practical networks; this is especially noticable in the coverage on the interaction of the various disciplines involved, such as transmission and switching, in the planning, engineering and expansion of telecommunication systems. The text is written in a very easy-to-read and free-flowing style, avoiding mathematics and complex details; the result is nearly 500 pages of a vast amount of important material, culled from a large body of engineering texts and papers, served to us in a palatable and easily-digestible form.
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