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IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles 2024年 1-15页

作者： Golchoubian, Mahsa Ghafurian, Moojan Dautenhahn, Kerstin Azad, Nasser Lashgarian Department of Systems Design Engineering University of Waterloo Canada Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Waterloo Canada

Safe, socially compliant, and efficient navigation of low-speed autonomous vehicles (AVs) in pedestrian-rich environments necessitates considering pedestrians' future positions and interactions with the vehicle and others. Despite the inevitable uncertainties associated with pedestrians' predicted trajectories due to their unobserved states (e.g., intent), existing deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithms for crowd navigation often neglect these uncertainties when using predicted trajectories to guide policy learning. This omission limits the usability of predictions when diverging from ground truth. This work introduces an integrated prediction and planning approach that incorporates the uncertainties of predicted pedestrian states in the training of a model-free DRL algorithm. A novel reward function encourages the AV to respect pedestrians' personal space, decrease speed during close approaches, and minimize the collision probability with their predicted paths. Unlike previous DRL methods, our model, designed for AV operation in crowded spaces, is trained in a novel simulation environment that reflects realistic pedestrian behaviour in a shared space with vehicles. Results show a 40% decrease in collision rate and a 15% increase in minimum distance to pedestrians compared to the state of the art model that does not account for prediction uncertainty. Additionally, the approach outperforms model predictive control methods that incorporate the same prediction uncertainties in terms of both performance and computational time, while producing trajectories closer to human drivers in similar scenarios. IEEE

关键词： Trajectories

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Physics-Informed Neural Networks for Privacy-Preserving Model Sharing in Power systems

Physics-Informed Neural Networks for Privacy-Preserving Mode...

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2024 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Europe Conference, ISGT EUROPE 2024

作者： Canyakmaz, Ilayda Saner, Can Berk Varvitsiotis, Antonios Singapore University of Technology and Design Engineering Systems and Design Pillar Singapore National University of Singapore Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)9789531842976

Data privacy concerns in the power systems sector significantly complicate the sharing and integration of sensitive operational data among various independent entities. This challenge is particularly pronounced when developing system-wide mathematical models, as the reluctance to share sub-system models parametrized by sensitive data hinders effective system analysis and decision-making. To address this issue, this work introduces the application of Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) to develop surrogate models that accurately replicate power system dynamics without exposing sensitive data, enabling privacy-preserving model sharing. By embedding physical laws into the training process, PINNs utilize both available data and inherent system physics, making them particularly suitable for modeling complex dynamics. We propose a framework for model development, including dataset generation and integration of the physics knowledge during PINN training. As a proof-of-concept, we apply this framework to a simplified Single Machine Infinite Bus (SMIB) system. Case studies demonstrate that the trained PINN model closely follows ground-truth dynamics and consistently achieves higher accuracy compared to generic neural networks, highlighting the potential for accurate, privacy-preserving model sharing and system-wide dynamic simulations in power systems. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Differential privacy

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Koopman-based Deep Learning for Nonlinear System Estimation 63

Koopman-based Deep Learning for Nonlinear System Estimation

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63rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, CDC 2024

作者： Sun, Zexin Chen, Mingyu Baillieul, John Boston University Division of Systems Engineering United States Boston University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering United States Boston University Division of Systems Engineering Departments of Mechanical Engineering Electrical and Computer Engineering BostonMA02215 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350316339

Nonlinear differential equations are encountered as models of fluid flow, spiking neurons, and many other systems of interest in the real world. Common features of these systems are that their behaviors are difficult to describe exactly and invariably unmodeled dynamics present challenges in making precise predictions. In this paper, we present a novel data-driven linear estimator based on Koopman operator theory to extract meaningful finite-dimensional representations of complex non-linear systems. The Koopman model is used together with deep reinforcement networks that learn the optimal stepwise actions to predict future states of nonlinear systems. Our estimator is also adaptive to a diffeomorphic transformation of the estimated nonlinear system, which enables it to compute optimal state estimates without re-learning. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Deep reinforcement learning

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Combination of Interleaved Single-input Multiple-output DC-DC Converters

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy systems 2022年第1期8卷 132-142页

作者： Eladio Dur´an Aranda Salvador P´erez Litr´an Mar´ıa Bella Ferrera Prieto Electronic Engineering Computer Systems and Automation DepartmentUniversity of HuelvaHuelvaSpain Electrical and Thermal Engineering Design and Projects DepartmentUniversity of HuelvaHuelvaSpain

This paper analyses,simulates and verifies an experimental prototype of a four-phase interleaved DC-DC *** is based on a SEPIC-Cuk *** developed prototype has been used in single-input multiple-output(SIMO)*** combined converter allows obtaining dual output voltages of the same value,from a single input DC voltage and with only a power *** interleaved DC-DC converters achieve a better dynamic response and low ripple,maintaining their *** converter is connected in parallel,thereby managing their losses by distributing them between more components,which facilitates the thermal management of the multiphase converter and allows handling high power values in small sizes with respect to solutions for a single *** control strategies were applied:synchronous operation mode(SOM)and interleaved operation mode(IOM).The simulation results allow the comparison of both operational modes,verifying that the IOM presents advantages with respect to the ripple at the input and output *** experimental prototype was designed for a distributed power architecture and bipolar DC microgrid(MG).

关键词： Bipolar DC DC-DC converter interleaved

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Evaluating people's perceptions of an agent as a public speaking coach

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Paladyn 2024年第1期15卷

作者： Forghani, Delara Ghafurian, Moojan Rasouli, Samira Nehaniv, Chrystopher L. Dautenhahn, Kerstin Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Waterloo WaterlooON Canada Departments of Systems Design Engineering and of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Waterloo WaterlooON Canada

The use of interactive tools, such as voice assistants and social robots, holds promise as coaching aids during public speaking rehearsals. To create a coach that is both effective and likable, it is important to understand how people perceive these agents when they observe them during actual presentation sessions. Specifically, it is important to assess people’s perceptions of the agents’ physical embodiment and nonverbal social behaviour, taking into account both listening and feedback periods. To this end, we conducted an online study with 168 participants who watched videos of agents acting as public speaking coaches. The study had three conditions: two with a humanoid social robot in either (1) active listening mode, using nonverbal backchannelling, (2) passive listening mode, and (3) a voice assistant agent. The results showed that the social robot in both conditions was perceived more positively in terms of its human-like attributes, and likability than the voice assistant agent. The active listener robot was perceived as more satisfying, more engaging, more natural, and warmer than the voice assistant agent, but this difference was not seen between the passive listener robot and the voice assistant agent. Additionally, the active listener robot was found to be more natural than the passive listening robot. However, there were no significant differences in perceived intelligence, competence, discomfort, and helpfulness between the three agents. Finally, participants’ gender and personality traits were found to affect their evaluations of the agents. The study offered insights into general attitudes towards using social robots and voice assistants as public speaking coaches, which can guide the future design and use of these agents as coaches. © 2024 the author(s), published by De Gruyter.

关键词： Social robots

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A Prototype Preceding Vehicle Identification System Development and Field Evaluation 10

A Prototype Preceding Vehicle Identification System Developm...

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10th International Conference on Vehicle Technology and Intelligent Transport systems, VEHITS 2024

作者： Mu, Zeyu Tu, Guancheng Shi, Austin Yang, Kun Sun, Yixin Shen, Cong Park, B. Brian Department of Systems & Information Engineering University of Virginia CharlottesvilleVA United States Department of Computer Science University of Virginia CharlottesvilleVA United States Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering University of Virginia CharlottesvilleVA United States Departments of Computer Science and Electrical & Computer Engineering University of Virginia CharlottesvilleVA United States Departments of Civil & Environmental Engineering and Systems & Information Engineering University of Virginia CharlottesvilleVA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9789897587030

Preceding vehicle identification is crucial for establishing cooperative platooning. This paper presents the development of a prototype preceding vehicle identification system (PVIS) and its field evaluation for the assessment of commercial viability. We designed and assembled a prototype consisting of a processing unit (Jetson Nano board), a communication device (Wi-Fi dongle), a GPS unit, and a distance measurement sensor (Terabee sensor). The Jetson Nano integrates the SparkFun GPS-RTK-SMA unit, the Terabee time-of-flight sensor, and the Wi-Fi dongle. The PVIS prototype in the ego vehicle measures the distance to its preceding vehicle and receives the GPS data from potential preceding vehicles with the PVIS prototypes. With these, the PVIS in the ego vehicle determines the connectivity of the preceding vehicle. The field evaluation results showed that the prototype PVIS works as designed, and each successful identification takes about 5.3 seconds. However, it was found that the Terabee (time of flight) sensor, at times, did not properly measure distances, likely due to an angle issue caused by the roadway surface and vibration of the vehicle. We discussed how to overcome the challenges identified and enhance the prototype for successful commercialization. Copyright © 2024 by SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, Lda.

关键词： Vehicle to vehicle communications

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A General Framework for Human-Drone Interaction under Limited On-board Sensing

A General Framework for Human-Drone Interaction under Limite...

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2023 systems and Information engineering design Symposium, SIEDS 2023

作者： Nayhouse, S. Chadha, S. Hourican, P. Moore, C. Bezzo, N. University of Virginia Departments of Systems and Information Engineering and Electrical and Computer Engineering CharlottesvilleVA22903 United States University of Virginia Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering CharlottesvilleVA22903 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350300642

Recent advancements in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), has allowed their deployment for numerous applications like aerial photography, infrastructure inspection, search and rescue, and surveillance. Despite the potential for full autonomy, many applications still necessitate human operators for navigating complex environments and decision-making. Existing solutions often employ high-precision and simple sensors like 2-D or 3-D LiDAR, which may provide more data than necessary and contribute to increased system complexity and cost. To address these challenges and bridge the gap between full autonomy and human-controlled UAVs, this work develops a shared-autonomy framework for UAVs, leveraging lightweight, low-cost 1-D LiDAR sensors combined with mobility behaviors to obtain performance comparable to more advanced 2-D/3-D LiDAR sensors while minimizing energy, computation overhead, and weight. Our framework includes a novel state machine method that exploits the UAV mobility to compensate for the limitations of 1-D LiDAR sensors, ensuring safety and obstacle avoidance through a physics-based algorithm that transitions between teleoperation and autonomous mode as needed based on environmental conditions and safety-critical issues. Experimental validations on real UAVs demonstrates the effectiveness of this shared autonomy scheme in complex environments, and the system is further generalized to larger UAVs and prototyped with a custom sensor configuration and onboard obstacle avoidance. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Drones

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What are Social Norms for Low-speed Autonomous Vehicle Navigation in Crowded Environments? An Online Survey

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Golchoubian, Mahsa Ghafurian, Moojan Azad, Nasser Lashgarian Dautenhahn, Kerstin Department of Systems Design Engineering University of Waterloo Waterloo Canada Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Waterloo Waterloo Canada Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Systems Design Engineering University of Waterloo Waterloo Canada

It has been suggested that autonomous vehicles can improve efficiency and safety of the transportation systems. While research in this area often focuses on autonomous vehicles which operate on roads, the deployment of low-speed, autonomous vehicles in unstructured, crowded environments has been studied less well and requires specific considerations regarding their interaction with pedestrians. For making the operation of these vehicles acceptable, their behaviour needs to be perceived as safe by both pedestrians and the passengers riding the vehicle. In this paper we conducted an online survey with 116 participants, to understand people’s preferences with respect to an autonomous golf cart’s behaviour in different interaction scenarios. We measured people’s self-reported perceived safety towards different behaviour of the cart in a variety of scenarios. Results suggested that despite the unstructured nature of the environment, the cart was expected to follow common traffic rules when interacting with a group of pedestrians. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Vehicle safety

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Multi-Objective Transmission Expansion: An Offshore Wind Power Integration Case Study

IEEE Transactions on Energy Markets, Policy and Regulation

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IEEE Transactions on Energy Markets, Policy and Regulation 2024年第4期2卷 519-535页

作者： Khanal, Saroj Graf, Christoph Liang, Zhirui Dvorkin, Yury Unel, Burcin Johns Hopkins University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering BaltimoreMD21218 United States New York University School of Law Institute for Policy Integrity New YorkNY10012 United States StanfordCA94305 United States Johns Hopkins University Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Civil and Systems Engineering BaltimoreMD21218 United States

Despite ambitious offshore wind targets in the U.S. and globally, offshore grid planning guidance remains notably scarce, contrasting with well-established frameworks for onshore grids. This gap, alongside the increasing penetration of offshore wind and other clean-energy resources in onshore grids, highlights the urgent need for a coordinated planning framework. Our paper describes a multi-objective, multistage generation, storage and transmission expansion planning model to facilitate efficient and resilient large-scale adoption of offshore wind power. Recognizing regulatory emphasis and, in some cases, requirements to consider externalities, this model explicitly accounts for negative externalities: greenhouse gas emissions and local emission-induced air pollution. Utilizing an 8-zone ISO-NE test system and a 9-zone PJM test system, we explore grid expansion sensitivities such as impacts of optimizing Points of Interconnection (POIs) versus fixed POIs, negative externalities, and consideration of extreme operational scenarios. Our results indicate that accounting for negative externalities necessitates greater upfront investment in clean generation and storage (balanced by lower expected operational costs). Optimizing POIs could significantly reshape offshore topology or POIs, and lower total cost. Finally, accounting for extreme operational scenarios typically results in greater operational costs and sometimes may alter onshore line investment. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Investments

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A Biologically Inspired Program-Level Imitation Approach for Robots

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 89481-89501页

作者： Aliasghari, Pourya Ghafurian, Moojan Nehaniv, Chrystopher L. Dautenhahn, Kerstin University of Waterloo Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada University of Waterloo Department of Systems Design Engineering WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada

Robots may learn new skills from humans to better assist us with everyday tasks. We propose a novel, biologically inspired imitation approach to enable robots to understand and perform complex actions using high-level programs that incorporate sequential regularities between sub-goals a robot can recognize and physically achieve. To learn a new task, human-provided demonstrations - obtained by a robot through different modalities such as kinesthetic teaching or behavioural observation - are processed by an algorithm to discover multiple possible arrangements of sub-goals that achieve the task goal. When performing the task, the robot first evaluates the available sequences in the program based on user-defined criteria, through mental simulation of the real task, to find the optimal sequence of actions. The selected sequence is then executed using the hierarchical structure of actions embedded in the program. We implemented the proposed learning architecture on an iCub humanoid robot and evaluated the effectiveness of the system in multiple scenarios. Our approach accommodates variations in human teaching styles and is expected to help robots perform tasks with greater flexibility and efficiency, opening the way to more adaptable and intelligent robots. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Intelligent robots

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