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IEEE Conference on Wireless Communications and Networking

作者： S. Mukhopadhyay D. Panigrahi S. Dey Mobile Embedded Systems Design and Test Lab Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California San Diego USA

One or the main challenges in adoption and deployment of wireless networked sensing applications is ensuring reliable sensor data collection and aggregation, while satisfying the low-cost, low-energy operating constraints of such applications. A wireless sensor network is inherently vulnerable to different sources of unreliability resulting in transient failures. Existing reliability techniques that address transient failures in circuits and communication channels incur prohibitively high energy, bandwidth and cost overheads in the sensor nodes. In this paper we investigate application-level error correction techniques for sensor networks that exploit the properties of sensor data to eliminate any overhead on the sensor nodes, at the expense of nominal buffer requirements at the data aggregator nodes, which are much less cost/energy constrained. Our approach involves use of spatio-temporal correlations in sensor data, the goals of the application, and its vulnerability to various errors. We present our error-correction algorithm and evaluate it through simulations using real and synthetic sensor data. Experimental results validate the feasibility of our approach to provide high degree of reliability in sensor data aggregation, without imposing overheads on sensor nodes.

关键词： Costs Error correction Wireless sensor networks Telecommunication network reliability Power system transients Crosstalk Circuits Application software Communication channels Monitoring

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Toward multimodal human-robot cooperation and collaboration

Toward multimodal human-robot cooperation and collaboration

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Collection of Technical Papers - AIAA 1st Intelligent systems Technical Conference

作者： Perzanowski, Dennis Brock, Derek Bugajska, Magdalena Thomas, Scott Sofge, Donald Adams, William Skubic, Marjorie Blisard, Sam Cassimatis, Nicholas Trafton, J. Gregory Schultz, Alan C. Naval Research Laboratory Washington DC 20375 University of Missouri Columbia MO 65211 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY 12180 Intelligent Multimodal/Multimedia Systems Code 5512 Interface Design and Evaluation Code 5513 Intelligent Systems Code 5515 Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Department of Cognitive Science

ISBN: (纸本)156347719X

Our multimodal interface integrates speech recognition, natural language understanding, spatial reasoning and human cognitive models for completing specific tasks and for perspective-taking in locative oriented tasks. With natural language and gestures, we believe human-robot interaction and communication is facilitated. Instead of concentrating on the various modalities of the interface, users can concentrate on the task at hand. Likewise, by incorporating human cognitive models for handling spatial information and perspective-taking, as well as for specific task completion, a better match with the expectations that humans acquire from their human-human interactions should be obtained, further facilitating cooperation and collaboration in human-robot interactions.

关键词： Speech recognition

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Glitching power reduction through supply voltage adaptation mechanism for low power array structure design

Glitching power reduction through supply voltage adaptation ...

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IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and systems (ISCAS)

作者： Sangjin Hong Shu-Shin Chin M. Sadasivam Mobile Systems Design Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Stony Brook University-SUNY Stony Brook NY USA

A novel supply voltage switching mechanism for reducing power dissipation of array structures is presented. With this mechanism, the supply voltage levels are successively activated by external clock signal in the direction of signal propagation. The mechanism eliminates power dissipated by the glitches while the speed of the array structure can be maintained. The mechanism is easily incorporated so that no circuit change in the existing array structure is required.

关键词： Power supplies Voltage Adaptive arrays Logic Switches Power dissipation Pipelines Registers Delay Clocks

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ALAPTF: a new transition fault model and the ATPG algorithm

ALAPTF: a new transition fault model and the ATPG algorithm

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IEEE International Test Conference

作者： P. Gupta M.S. Hsiao Cadence Design Systems TDA Endicott NY USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Virginia Tech. Blacksburg VA

The work presents a new transition fault model called as late as possible transition fault (ALAPTF) model. The model aims at detecting smaller delays, which be missed by both the traditional transition fault model and the path delay model. The model makes sure that each transition is launched as late as possible at the fault site, accumulating the small delay defects along its way. Because some transition faults may require multiple paths to be launched, the simple path-delay model miss such faults. Results on ISCAS'85 and ISCAS'89 benchmark circuits shows that for all the cases, the new model is capable of detecting smaller gate delays and produces better results in case of process variations. For all circuits, on an average, 30% of the time the transition reaches later than traditional models. The algorithm proposed also detects robust and non-robust paths along with the transition faults and the execution time is linear to the circuit size.

关键词： Automatic test pattern generation Circuit faults Circuit testing Robustness electrical fault detection Fault detection Delay effects Resists Tellurium Engines

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Wavelet approximation-based affine invariant 2-D shape matching and classification

Wavelet approximation-based affine invariant 2-D shape match...

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2004 International Conference on Image Processing, ICIP 2004

作者： El Rube, Ibrahim Kamel, Mohamed Ahmed, Maher Systems Design Engineering University of Waterloo Waterloo Ont. N2L 3G1 Canada Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Waterloo Waterloo Ont. N2L 301 Canada Physics and Computer Science Department Wilfrid Laurier University Waterloo Ont. N2L 3C5 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)0780385543

In this paper, an algorithm for matching and classifying 2-D shapes that undergo affine transformation is developed. The algorithm uses the 1-D Dyadic Wavelet Transform (DWT) to decompose a shape's boundary into multiscale levels. The curve moment invariants of the approximation coefficients are used as the shape features. Two different dissimilarities are calculated from the Euclidean distances between the decomposed scale levels of the shapes. These dissimilarities are used in shape matching and clustering by using hierarchical clustering algorithm with ward's linkage rules. The presented algorithm is invariant to the affine transformation and to the boundary starting point variation. The algorithm is also capable of finding and clustering similar shapes even if there are small deformations between their boundaries. ©2004 IEEE.

关键词： Object recognition

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A multimodal variational approach to learning and inference in switching state space models

A multimodal variational approach to learning and inference ...

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Proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing

作者： Lee, Leo J. Attias, Hagai Deng, Li Fieguth, Paul University of Waterloo Electrical and Computer Engineering Waterloo Ont. N2L 3G1 Canada Microsoft Corporation Microsoft Research One Microsoft Way Redmond WA 98052-6339 United States University of Waterloo Systems Design Engineering Waterloo Ont. N2L 3G1 Canada

An important general model for discrete-time signal processing is the switching state space (SSS) model, which generalizes the hidden Markov model and the Gaussian state space model. Inference and parameter estimation in this model are known to be computationally intractable. This paper presents a powerful new approximation to the SSS model. The approximation is based on a variational technique that preserves the multimodal nature of the continuous state posterior distribution. Furthermore, by incorporating a windowing technique, the resulting EM algorithm has complexity that is just linear in the length of the time series. An alternative Viterbi decoding with frame-based likelihood is also presented which is crucial for the speech application that originally motivates this work. Our experiments focus on demonstrating the effectiveness of the algorithm by extensive simulations. A typical example in speech processing is also included to show the potential of this approach for practical applications.

关键词： Signal processing

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A multimodal variational approach to learning and inference in switching state space models [speech processing application]

A multimodal variational approach to learning and inference ...

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International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： L.J. Lee H. Attias Li Deng P. Fieguth Microsoft Research Microsoft Corporation Redmond WA USA Electrical & Computer Engineering University of Waterloo Waterloo ONT Canada Systems Design Engineering University of Waterloo Waterloo ONT Canada

关键词： State-space methods Hidden Markov models Power system modeling Speech processing design engineering Parameter estimation Signal processing algorithms systems engineering and theory Signal processing Viterbi algorithm

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Enforcing safety of real-time schedules on contemporary processors using a virtual simple architecture (VISA)

Enforcing safety of real-time schedules on contemporary proc...

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Real-Time systems Symposium (RTSS)

作者： A. Anantaraman K. Seth E. Rotenberg F. Mueller Departments of Computer Science/Electrical and Computer Engineering Center for Embedded Systems Research North Carolina State University Raleigh NC USA Qualcomm Inc. Cary NC USA

Determining safe and tight upper bounds on the worst-case execution time (WCET) of hard real-time tasks running on contemporary microarchitectures is a difficult problem. Current trends in microarchitecture design have created a complexity wall: by enhancing performance through ever more complex architectural features, systems have become increasingly hard to analyze. This paper extends a framework, introduced previously as virtual simple architecture (VISA), to multitasking real-time systems. The objective of VISA is to obviate the need to statically analyze complex processors by instead shifting the burden of guaranteeing deadlines - in part - onto the hardware. The VISA framework exploits a complex processor that ordinarily operates with all of its advanced features enabled, called the complex mode, but which can also be downgraded to a simple mode by gating off the advanced features. A WCET bound is statically derived for a task assuming the simple mode. However, this abstraction is speculatively undermined at run-time by executing the task in the complex mode. The task's progress is continuously gauged to detect anomalous cases in which the complex mode underperforms, in which case the processor switches to the simple mode to explicitly enforce the overall contractual WCET. The processor typically operates in complex mode, generating significant slack, and the VISA safety mechanism ensures bounded timing in atypical cases. Extra slack can be exploited for reducing power consumption and/or enhancing functionality. By extending VISA from single-task to multi-tasking systems, this paper reveals the full extent of VISA'S powerful abstraction capability. Key missing pieces are filled in: (1) preserving integrity of the gauging mechanism despite disruptions caused by preemptions; (2) demonstrating compatibility with arbitrary scheduling and dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) policies; (3) formally describing VISA speculation overheads in terms of padding tasks' WCETs; and

关键词： Safety Processor scheduling Microarchitecture Upper bound Performance analysis Multitasking Real time systems Hardware Runtime Switches

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Learning-enforced time domain routing to mobile sinks in wireless sensor fields

Learning-enforced time domain routing to mobile sinks in wir...

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Conference on Local computer Networks (LCN)

作者： P. Baruah R. Urgaonkar B. Krishnamachari Departments of Computer Science University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA Electrical Engineering-Systems University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA

We propose a learning-based approach to efficiently and reliably route data to a mobile sink in a wireless sensor field. Specifically, we consider a mobile sink that does not know when to query or does not need to query. Furthermore, the sink moves in a certain pattern within the sensor field. Such a sink passively listens for incoming data that distant source sensors unilaterally push towards it. Unlike traditional routing mechanisms, our technique takes the time-domain explicitly into account, with each node involved making the decision "at this time what is the best way to forward the packet to the sink?". In the presented scheme, motes (nodes in the vicinity of the sink) learn its movement pattern over time and statistically characterize it as a probability distribution function. Having obtained this information at the motes, our scheme uses reinforcement learning to locate the sink efficiently at any point of time.

关键词： Routing Wireless sensor networks Sensor phenomena and characterization Mobile computing Costs computer science Data engineering Reliability engineering Time domain analysis Probability distribution

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Interaction Balance Method for Large-scale Industrial Processes With Fuzzy Constraints 1

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 2004年第11期37卷 423-428页

作者： Jia-Chen GU Bai-Wu WAN Xiao-E RUAN Automation Research and Design Institute of Metallurgical industry Beijing P R China Systems Engineering Institute State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering Xi ‘an Jiaotong University Xi'an R R China Dept.of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Daejeon Korea Faculty of Science Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an P.R.China

The interaction balance method (IBM) with fuzzy constraints is proposed for large-scale industrial processes under hierarchical steady-state optimization with the consideration of the model-reality difference and the constraints of subprocesses being flexible. In this approach, the models that are treated as equality constraints and the inequality constraints of the subprocesses are all fuzzified. Two cases of interaction balance method are studied: the open-loop IBM and the IBM with global feedback. Simulation results show that the solutions of the proposed method with global feedback are very close to the optimal solutions of the real process.

关键词： Fuzzy models large-scale systems coordination constraints hierarchical control

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