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International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)

作者： M. Shokri H.R. Tizhoosh M. Kamel Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence Laboratory Department of Systems Design Engineering University of Waterloo ONT Canada Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Waterloo ONT Canada

The problem of delayed reward in reinforcement learning is usually tackled by implementing the mechanism of eligibility traces. In this paper we introduce an extension of eligibility traces to solve one of the challenging problems in reinforcement learning. The concept of opposition traces is proposed in this work to deal with large state space problems in reinforcement learning applications. We combine the idea of opposition and eligibility traces to construct the opposition-based Q(lambda). The results are compared with the conventional Watkins' Q(lambda) and reflect a remarkable performance increase.

关键词： Learning Delay Acceleration Neural networks Pattern analysis Machine intelligence Laboratories System analysis and design design engineering systems engineering and theory

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A NEW APPROACH TO CHARACTERIZE AND PREDICT LIFETIME OF DEEP-SUBMICRON NMOS DEVICES

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International Journal of High Speed Electronics and systems 2006年第1期16卷 315-323页

作者： ZHI CUI JUIN J. LIOU YUN YUE HEI WONG Electrical and Computer Engineering Dept. University of Central Florida Orlando Florida 32816 USA RF/MS Design Group Conexant Systems Palm Bay Florida 32905 USA Electronics Engineering Dept. City University of Hong Kong Kowloon Hong Kong China

Experimental results are presented to indicate that the widely used power-law models for lifetime estimation are questionable for deep submicron (< 0.25 μm) MOS devices, particularly for the case of large substrate current stressing. This observation is attributed to the presence of current components, such as the gate tunneling current and base current of parasitic bipolar transistor, that do not induce device degradation. A more effective extrapolation method is proposed as an alternative for the reliability characterization of deep-submicron MOS devices.

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Spectral Content Characterization for Efficient Image Detection Algorithm design

Spectral Content Characterization for Efficient Image Detect...

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International Conference on computer and Information Technology (CIT)

作者： Kyoung-su Park Sangjin Hong Peom Park Mobile Systems Design Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Stony Brook University-SUNY Stony Brook NY USA Department of Industrial and Information Engineering Ajou University Humintec Company Limited Suwon South Korea

This paper presents spectral characterization for efficient image detection using hyperspectral processing technique. We investigate relationship between the number of bands used in the detection so that the minimum number of bands are used in the processing. This approach reduces computation and implementation complexity of the algorithms. Specifically, we considered contribution coefficient by each band and based on this coefficient, we heuristically select the bands for processing. We have shown that for effective detection, only small number of bands are needed.

关键词： Detection algorithms Algorithm design and analysis Hyperspectral imaging Hyperspectral sensors Signal processing algorithms Image edge detection Image processing Libraries Object detection Mobile computing

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Tracking an Object in 3-D Space using Particle Filtering based on Sensor Array

Tracking an Object in 3-D Space using Particle Filtering bas...

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International Conference on computer and Information Technology (CIT)

作者： Jinseok Lee Jaechan Lim Sangjin Hong Peom Park Mobile Systems Design Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Stony Brook University-SUNY Stony Brook NY USA Department of Industrial and Information Engineering Ajou University Humintec Company Limited Suwon South Korea

This paper presents a formulation of particle filter for tracking an object in 3-D space. The 3-D tracking algorithm is derived based on bearings only tracking algorithm that is applied in tracking of an object in 2-D space with one angle measurement. We investigate and present the fusion process of the algorithms. The performance of the proposed algorithms are evaluated in detail.

关键词： Sensor arrays Particle tracking Signal processing algorithms Particle filters Adaptive signal processing Sonar navigation Particle measurements Information filtering Information filters Gas detectors

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Effect of RObust Header Compression (ROHC) and Packet Aggregation on Multi-hop Wireless Mesh Networks

Effect of RObust Header Compression (ROHC) and Packet Aggreg...

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International Conference on computer and Information Technology (CIT)

作者： Sangkil Jung Sangjin Hong Peom Park Mobile Systems Design Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Stony Brook University-SUNY Stony Brook NY USA Humintec Company Limited Suwon South Korea Department of Industrial and Information Engineering Ajou University South Korea

This paper evaluates the behavioral effect of RObust Header Compression (ROHC) and packet aggregation in multi-hop wireless mesh networks. ROHC itself shows around 20% achieved rate improvement on a line of wireless link even if as the number of mesh router increases, total achieved rate gradually decreases. Packet aggregation cooperating with ROHC provides 4 to 10 times achieved rate improvement and results in maximum 6 times reduction of end-to-end delay. Even if the ROHC and packet aggregation gives such a promising improvement, we need to identify effect of the processing time of the two schemes on overall wireless mesh network behaviors. To do this work, we measure/use ROHC processing time from Pentium 4 and RouterBOARD 230, and apply the results into NS-2 simulations. The simulation results show high performance improvement from ROHC and packet aggregation deteriorates as a general purpose processor in a mesh router takes much time to deal with the two schemes. This result motivates a hardware design be required to speed up the processing units of the two schemes. Consequently, we propose a hardware system model for ROHC and packet aggregation by using SystemC Hardware Description Language (HDL). From the SystemC results, we conclude the proposed built-in processor design for the two schemes keeps performance improvement by enhancing the low speed processing power of general purpose processors.

关键词： Robustness Spread spectrum communication Wireless mesh networks Wireless sensor networks Hardware design languages Land mobile radio cellular systems Delay IP networks Mesh networks Time measurement

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Baseband analog front-end and digital back-end for reconfigurable multi-standard terminals

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IEEE Circuits and systems Magazine 2006年第1期6卷 8-26页

作者： Baschirotto, A. Castello, Rinaldo Campi, Fabio Cesura, Giovanni Toma, Mario Guerrieri, Roberte Lodi, Andrea Lavagno, Luciano Malcovati, Piero Department of Electronics University of Pavia Italy STMicroelectronics Italy Advanced Research Center on Electronic Systems University of Bologna Italy Department of Electronics Politecnico di Torino Italy Department of Electrical Engineering University of Pavia Italy Department of Central Research and Development ST Microelectronics Italy Bologna Italy Department of Electronics University of Pavia Italy Italy Solid State Circuit Society IEEE Italy IEEE Italy Semiconductor Laboratory Max Planck Institute of Terrestrial and Extrater- Restrial Physics Munich Germany New IP and Design Support of the Computer and Peripheral Group of ST-Microelectronics University of Bologna Italy Politecnico di Torino Italy Cadence Berkeley Laboratories United States STMicroelectronics Italy Bologna Italy Department of Electrical Engineering University of Pavia Italy CR and D ST-Microelectronics Agrate Brianza Italy

Multimedia applications are driving wireless network operators to add high-speed data services such as Edge (E-GPRS), WCDMA (UMTS) and WLAN (IEEE 802.11a,b,g) to the existing network. This creates the need for multi-mode cellular handsets that support a wide range of communication standards, each with a different RF freguency, signal bandwidth, modulation scheme, etc. This in turn generates several design challenges for the analog and digital building blocks of the physical layer. In addition to the above-mentioned protocols, mobile devices often include Bluetooth, GPS, FM-radio and TV services that can work concurrently with data and voice communication. Multi-mode, multi-band, and multi-standard mobile terminals must satisfy all these different reguirements. Sharing and/or switching transceiver building blocks in these handsets is mandatory in order to extend battery life and/or to reduce cost. Only adaptive circuits that are able to reconfigure themselves within the handover time can meet the design reguirements of a single receiver or transmitter covering all the different standards while ensuring seamless inter-interoperability. This paper presents analog and digital base-band circuits that are able to support GSM (with Edge), WCDMA (UMTS), WLAN and Bluetooth using reconfigurable building blocks. The blocks can trade off power consumption for performance on the fly, depending on the standard to be supported and the reguired QoS (Quality of Service) level. © 2006 IEEE.

关键词： computer terminals

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A new structure for capacitor-mismatch-insensitive multiply-by-two amplification

A new structure for capacitor-mismatch-insensitive multiply-...

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IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and systems (ISCAS)

作者： H. Zare-Hoseini O. Shoaei I. Kale Applied DSP and VLSI Research Group Department of Electronic Systems University of Westminster London UK IC Design Laboratory Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of Tehran Tehran Iran KKTC Eastern Mediterranean University Gazi Magusa Mersin Turkey

A new approach to achieve a switched-capacitor multiply-by-two gain-stage with reduced sensitivity to capacitors' mismatches is presented in this paper. It is based on sampling fully differential input signals onto both plates of the input capacitors rather than sampling onto one plate of the capacitors with the other tied to a reference. It uses one operational amplifier (op-amp) in two phases to produce the gain of two (times2). Comparing to the conventional multiply-by-two gain-stage, the mismatches between the capacitors has a much smaller influence on the accuracy of the gain of two (times2). Analytical and circuit-level analysis of the architecture and the conventional structure are presented using a generic 0.35mum CMOS technology

关键词： Capacitors Operational amplifiers Sampling methods Digital signal processing Very large scale integration Feedback Circuit analysis Energy consumption Transfer functions Voltage

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A genetic algorithm for the optimization of cable routing

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systems and computers in Japan 2006年第7期37卷 61-71页

作者： Ma, Xuan Iida, Kazuhiro Xie, Mengchun Nishino, Junji Odaka, Tomohiro Ogura, Hisakazu Graduate School of Engineering University of Fukui Fukui City 910-8507 Japan Wakayama National College of Technology Gobo City 644-0023 Japan Faculty of Automation and Information Engineering Xi an University of Technology B Techno College Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Wakayama National College of Technology Information Processing Society of Japan China Mechanical Design Society Department of Systems Engineering University of Electro-Communications Japan Society for Fuzzy Theory and Intelligent Informatics Japanese Academy of Facial Studies Japan Society of Kansei Engineering Graduate Program of Nuclear Power and Energy Safety Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Fukui University IEEE CS ACM IPSJ IEICE JSMBET Department of Human and Artificial Intelligent Systems JSAI Japan SOFT IEEE

In this paper the authors propose a structural method for a genetic algorithm (GA) for the optimization problem of cable routing in which cables have to be laid optimally. When there are no limits on the layout routes, the optimal routes for the individual cables can be found using the Dijkstra method in a finite discrete graph. However, when there are limits on the capacity in the layout routes, optimization cannot be performed using the Dijkstra method. The proposed GA is a two-level hierarchical GA that uses chromosome coding involving two levels. The routes for each cable and the combinations of cable routes are defined respectively, and layout route selection is optimized overall through genetic operations involving these levels. Block crossover and block mutation are used as genetic operations in the first level. In addition, a method to take advantage of lethal genes, which do not satisfy the constraints and are generated in the second level is used. computer simulations confirm that the two-level hierarchical GA with these genetic operations functions effectively for the optimization problem of cable routing. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

关键词： Electric cable laying

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Segmentation of prostate boundaries using regional contrast enhancement

Segmentation of prostate boundaries using regional contrast ...

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IEEE International Conference on Image Processing 2005, ICIP 2005

作者： Sahba, Farhang Tizhoosh, Hamid R. Salama, Magdy M. A. Departments of Systems Design Engineering Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Waterloo Waterloo Ont. Canada

ISBN: (纸本)0780391349

In this paper a novel method for automatic prostate segmentation in transrectal ultrasound images is presented. Morphological grey level transformations are first used to generate an image with enough bright intensity around the prostate. This image is then thresholded to produce a binary image. Then by finding and using a point as the inside point for the prostate, a Kalman estimator is used to isolate the prostate boundary from any irrelevant parts and produce a roughly segmented version (as coarse estimation). Consequently, a fuzzy inference system describing regional and gray level information is employed to enhance the contrast of the prostate with respect to the background. Using strong edges obtained from this enhanced image and information from pixels gradients and also the characteristics in the vicinity of the coarse estimation, the final boundary is extracted. A number of experiments are conducted to validate this method. © 2005 IEEE.

关键词： Medical imaging

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Using reinforcement learning for filter fusion in image enhancement

Using reinforcement learning for filter fusion in image enha...

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IASTED International Conference on Computational Intelligence

作者： Sahba, Farhang Tizhoosh, Hamid R. Salama, Magdy M. A. Systems Design Engineering University of Waterloo Waterloo Ont. Canada Systems Design Engineering Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Waterloo Waterloo Ont. Canada

ISBN: (纸本)0889864810

A new approach to image enhancement based on fusion of filters using a reinforcement learning scheme is presented. In most applications the result of applying a single filter is usually unsatisfactory. Appropriate fusion of the results of several different filters, such as median, local average, and Wiener filters can resolve this difficulty. Many different techniques already exist in literatures. In this work, a reinforcement learning agent will be proposed. We use this novel method as an effective way to find appropriate weights for various filters. During learning, the agent takes some actions (i.e., different weights for filters) to change the environment (the image quality). Using the reference image, the RL agent is provided by a scalar evaluation determined objectively. The agent uses these objective rewards-punishments to explore/exploit the solution space. The values obtained using this method can be used as very valuable knowledge to initiate weights for a Q-matrix. A subjective reinforcement learning method can use such initial weights to start its work from an acceptable level of knowledge.

关键词： Image enhancement

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