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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： Martin O. Culjat Ji Son Richard E. Fan Christopher Wottawa James W. Bisley Warren S. Grundfest Erik P. Dutson UCLA Departments of Bioengineering and Surgery UCSB Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering UCLA Los Angeles CA USA UCLA Biomedical Engineering IDP CASIT Los Angeles CA USA UCLA Departments of Neurobiology and Psychology CASIT Los Angeles CA USA UCLA Departments of Bioengineering Electrical Engineering and Surgery CASIT Los Angeles CA USA UCLA Department of Surgery CASIT Los Angeles CA USA

A complete glove-based master-slave tactile feedback system was developed to provide users with a remote sense of touch. The system features a force-sensing master glove with piezoresistive force sensors mounted at each finger tip, and a pressure-transmitting slave glove with silicone-based pneumatically controlled balloon actuators, mounted at each finger tip on another hand. A control system translates forces detected on the master glove, either worn by a user or mounted on a robotic hand, to discrete pressure levels at the fingers of another user. System tests demonstrated that users could accurately identify the correct finger and detect three simultaneous finger stimuli with 99.3% and 90.2% accuracy, respectively, when the subjects were located in separate rooms. The glove-based tactile feedback system may have application to virtual reality, rehabilitation, remote surgery, medical simulation, robotic assembly, and military robotics.

关键词： Fingers Force Actuators Tactile sensors Accuracy Haptic interfaces

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Ultrasound Image-Guided Robotic Breast Biopsy

Ultrasound Image-Guided Robotic Breast Biopsy

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2010 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium

作者： Thomas R. Nelson Amy Tran Hourieh Farourfar Jakob Nebeker Departments of Radiology University of California San Diego La Jolla California 92093-0610 Departments of Bioengineering and University of California San Diego La Jolla California 92093-0610 Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California San Diego La Jolla California 92093-0610

ISBN: (纸本)9781457703829

Objective: To assess performance of dedicated volume breast ultrasound imaging (VBUS) system integrated with a compact robotic biopsy device to provide precision image-guided breast lesion biopsy. Methods: We integrated our VBUS system with a compact robotic device having a 6-DOF articulated arm to reach any breast location. A load sensor measured force and torque to provide real-time data regarding biopsy device insertion and penetration forces. Ultrasound volume image data provided 3-dimensional lesion coordinates. Targeting and guidance algorithms optimized the path for insertion of a Mammotome~(TM) vacuum biopsy device. System performance was evaluated by scanning breast test objects having simulated lesions and a cubic grid of sample locations. We measured targeting error and reproducibility. Results: VBUS volume data were acquired in 20 sec/slice and showed approx1 mm spatial resolution with lesions clearly identified. Targeting accuracy was within +-1 mm over the robotic workspace. Reproducibility was excellent. Force feedback data showed good sensitivity to needle forces. Discussion and Conclusions: Ultrasound volume data assisted robotic targeting and guidance algorithms for physician control. Robotic devices may provide more precise device placement assisting physicians with biopsy procedures. This work demonstrates the potential to translate the capabilities of two rapidly developing areas of medicine: volumetric imaging and robotic devices into a fully-functional clinical volume image-guided, physician-directed robotic breast biopsy system.

关键词： biopsy device Ultrasonography load sensor Biopsy implant procedures biopsy of breast real-time data targeting Ultrasonic Waves Force

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Terahertz sensing of corneal hydration

Terahertz sensing of corneal hydration

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： Rahul S. Singh Priyamvada Tewari Jean Louis Bourges Jean Pierre Hubschman David B. Bennett Zachary D. Taylor H. Lee Elliott R. Brown Warren S. Grundfest Martin O. Culjat UCLA Department of Surgery UCLA Center for Advanced Surgical and Interventional Technology (CASIT) Los Angeles CA USA CASIT UCLA Biomedical Engineering IDP Los Angeles CA USA UCLA Department of Ophthalmology Los Angeles CA Departments of Ophthalmology CASIT Los Angeles CA USA CASIT and the UCLA Departments of Ophthalmology Los Angeles CA CASIT and the UCLA Department of Electrical Engineering UCSB Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Santa Barbara CA USA Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA USA Wright State University Department of Electrical Engineering Dayton OH Department of Electrical Engineering Wright State University Dayton OH USA CASIT and the UCLA Departments of Bioengineering Surgery Los Angeles CA USA UCLA Departments of Bioengineering and Surgery UCLA Center for Advanced Surgical and Interventional Technology (CASIT) Los Angeles CA USA

An indicator of ocular health is the hydrodyanmics of the cornea. Many corneal disorders deteriorate sight as they upset the normal hydrodynamics of the cornea. The mechanisms include the loss of endothelial pump function of corneal dystophies, swelling and immune response of corneal graft rejection, and inflammation and edema, which accompany trauma, burn, and irritation events. Due to high sensitivity to changes of water content in materials, a reflective terahertz (300 GHz and 3 THz) imaging system could be an ideal tool to measure the hydration level of the cornea. This paper presents the application of THz technology to visualize the hydration content across ex vivo porcine corneas. The corneas, with a thickness variation from 470 - 940 μm, were successfully imaged using a reflective pulsed THz imaging system, with a maximum SNR of 50 dB. To our knowledge, no prior studies have reported on the use of THz in measuring hydration in corneal tissues or other ocular tissues. These preliminary findings indicate that THz can be used to accurately sense hydration levels in the cornea using a pulsed, reflective THz imaging system.

关键词： Cornea Imaging Surgery Materials Mixers Reflectivity Image edge detection

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Different models for predicting driving performance in people with brain disorders

Different models for predicting driving performance in peopl...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： Carrie R. H. Innes Dominic Lee Chen Chen Agate M. Ponder-Sutton Richard D. Jones Department of Medical Physics and Bioengineering Christchurch Hospital Christchurch New Zealand Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of Canterbury Christchurch New Zealand Departments of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Psychology University of Canterbury Christchurch New Zealand Department of Medical Physics and Bioengineering Christchurch Hospital Department of Medicine University of Otago New Zealand

Data from performance on a computerized battery of driving-related sensory-motor and cognitive tests (SMCTests™) were used to predict outcome on a blinded on-road driving assessment in 501 people with brain disorders. Six modelling approaches were assessed: discriminant analysis (DA), binary logistic regression (BLR), nonlinear causal resource analysis (NCRA), and three kernel methods (product kernel density (PK), kernel-product density (KP), and support vector machine (SVM)). At the classification level, the three kernel methods were more accurate for predicting on-road Pass or Fail (SVM 99%, PK 99%, KP 80%) than the other models (DA 75%, BLR 77%, NCRA 66%). However, accuracy decreased substantially across the kernel models when leave-one-out cross-validation was used to estimate how accurately the models would predict on-road Pass or Fail in an independent referral group (SVM 76%, PK 73%, KP 72%) but remained fairly constant for DA (74%) and BLR (76%). Cross-validation of NCRA was not possible. While kernel-based models are successful at modelling complex data at a classification level, this appears to be due to overfitting of the data which does not improve accuracy in an independent data set over and above the accuracy of other modelling techniques.

关键词： Accuracy Predictive models Data models Planning Support vector machines Brain models

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Behavioural microsleeps in normally-rested people

Behavioural microsleeps in normally-rested people

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： Carrie R. H. Innes Govinda R. Poudel T. Leigh Signal Richard D. Jones Department of Medical Physics and Bioengineering Christchurch Hospital Christchurch New Zealand Sleep-Wake Research Centre Massey University Wellington New Zealand Departments of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Psychology University of Canterbury Christchurch New Zealand Department of Medical Physics and Bioengineering Christchurch Hospital Department of Medicine University of Otago New Zealand

Sleep-deprived people, or those performing extended monotonous tasks, frequently have brief episodes when performance is suspended and they appear to fall asleep momentarily - behavioural microsleeps (BMs). As BM rates are highly variable between normally-rested people, this study aimed to determine whether there is a relationship between propensity for BMs and measures of sleep. Subjects undertook a continuous 50-min 2-D tracking task and BMs were identified with high temporal accuracy based on simultaneous analysis of visuomotor response, tracking speed, tracking error, vertical electrooculogram, and eye-video. BM rates and durations were correlated with measures of sleep (i.e., wrist actigraphy, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Horne-Ostberg Morning-Eveningness Questionnaire). BMs occurred frequently during the task but rates were highly variable between participants (mean 79.1/h ± 66.2, range 0-226/h). There were correlations between ESS score and BM rate and duration. However, BMs were not related to other sleep measures. Thus, there is a very large variability in BM propensity in normally-rested subjects which cannot be explained by variation in sleep duration, quality, or efficiency. Propensity to fall asleep in situations in which sustained performance is required may be a trait characteristic in normally-rested people.

关键词： Sleep Target tracking Electroencephalography Correlation Driver circuits Indexes

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Robustness of Wiener Filtering as an Approximation to the Bayesian Observer Stragegy

Robustness of Wiener Filtering as an Approximation to the Ba...

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2010 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium

作者： Nghia Q. Nguyen Craig K. Abbey Michael F. Insana Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 Faculty of Department of Psychology University of California Santa-Barbara CA 93106 Faculty of Departments of Bioengineering and ECE Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801

ISBN: (纸本)9781457703829

Wiener filters applied to channel-summed RF echo data was approximated to the ideal Bayesian beamforming strategy for imaging breast lesion features. They can be computed in real-time and perform well provided the system response matrix is circulant. Real systems exhibit depth-varying impulse responses, so performance degrades for some essential diagnostic features. This paper describes the effects of circulant assumption (CA) violations on the robustness of human visual discrimination efficiency, and the effects of regularization, as applied to beamformers for breast sonography. The Wiener filter is then adapted for shift-varying system responses. The trade off between performance and computation time for each approach is studied using simulations and phantoms scanned with a commercial system.

关键词： Beamforming breast sonography ideal observer image quality spatial filters Wiener filters approximation breast lesion beamformers Robustness system response circulation Bayesian inference Imaging Phantom Paranormal phenomena computational time

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Lapses of responsiveness: Characteristics, detection, and underlying mechanisms

Lapses of responsiveness: Characteristics, detection, and un...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： Richard D. Jones Govinda R. Poudel Carrie R. H. Innes Paul R. Davidson Malik T. R. Peiris Amol M. Malla T. Leigh Signal Grant J. Carroll Richard Watts Philip J. Bones Departments of Electrical & Computer Engineering Communication Disorders and Psychology University of Canterbury New Zealand Department of Medical Physics and Bioengineering Christchurch Hospital New Zealand Department of Medicine University of Otago Christchurch New Zealand Department of Medical Physics and Bioengineering Christchurch Hospital Christchurch New Zealand Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering University of Canterbury Christchurch New Zealand Sleep Wake Research Centre Massey University Wellington New Zealand Department of Neurology Christchurch Hospital Christchurch New Zealand Department of Physics & Astronomy University of Canterbury Christchurch New Zealand

Lapses in responsiveness (`lapses'), particularly microsleeps and attention lapses, are complete disruptions in performance from ~0.5-15 s. They are of particular importance in the transport sector in which there is a need to maintain sustained attention for extended periods and in which lapses can lead to multiple-fatality accidents.

关键词： Electroencephalography Bones Sleep System-on-a-chip Biomedical engineering Brain modeling Accidents

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FC-DIRECTED ANTIBODY CONJUGATION OF MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES FOR ENHANCED MOLECULAR TARGETING

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2009年第4期2卷 387-396页

作者： ROBABEH REZAEIPOOR RENU JOHN STEVEN G.ADIE ERIC J.CHANEY MARINA MARJANOVIC AMY L.OLDENBURG STEPHANIE A.RINNE STEPHEN A.BOPPART Biophotonics Imaging Laboratory Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign UrbanaILUSA Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering Bioengineeringand Internal Medicine University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign UrbanaILUSA

In this study, we report the fabrication of engineered iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs)functionalized with anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2) antibody totarget the tumor antigen HER2. The Fc-directed conjugation of antibodies to the MNPs aidstheir efficient immunospecific targeting through free Fab portions. The directional specificity ofconjugation was verified on a macrophage cell line. Immunofluorescence studies on macrophagestreated with functionalized MNPs and free anti-HER2 antibody revealed that the antibodymolecules bind to the MNPs predominantly through their Fc portion. Different cell lines with different HER2 expression levels were used to test the specificity of our functionalized nanoprobe formolecular targeting applications. The results of cell line targeting demonstrate that these engineered MNPs are able to differentiate between cell lines with different levels of HER2 expression.

关键词： Nanoprobe molecular imaging cancer

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Protocol for obtaining noise-immune absolute ellipsometric measurements with high spatial resolution

Protocol for obtaining noise-immune absolute ellipsometric m...

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Frontiers in Optics, FiO 2009

作者： Tripathi, Santosh Toussaint, Kimani C. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign IL 61820 United States Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign IL 61820 United States Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Bioengineering University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign IL 61820 United States

A protocol that utilizes Stokes parameters and inverse methods for obtaining noise immune absolute ellipsometric measurements with high spatial resolution is proposed. It is applicable for arbitrary scalar and vector ... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781557528780

关键词： Inverse problems

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Quantitative Fourier analysis of SHG images of porcine cornea

Quantitative Fourier analysis of SHG images of porcine corne...

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Frontiers in Optics, FiO 2009

作者： Rao, Raghu Ambekar Ramachandra Mehta, Monal R. Toussaint, Kimani C. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign IL 61820 United States Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign IL 61820 United States Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Bioengineering University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign IL 61820 United States

Fourier analysis is applied to cornea images obtained using second-harmonic generation microscopy. The orientation and maximum spatial frequency of collagen fibrils in selected regions of interest are determined. ... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781557528780

关键词： Fourier analysis

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