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38th Conference on Neural information Processing systems, NeurIPS 2024

作者： Saberi, Amirhossein Najafi, Amir Behjati, Amin Emrani, Ala Zolfi, Yasaman Shadrooy, Mahdi Motahari, Abolfazl Khalaj, Babak H. Department of Electrical Engineering Sharif University of Technology Tehran Iran Department of Computer Engineering Sharif University of Technology Tehran Iran Sharif Center for Information Systems and Data Science Sharif University of Technology Tehran Iran

The aim of this paper is to address the challenge of gradual domain adaptation within a class of manifold-constrained data distributions. In particular, we consider a sequence of T ≥ 2 data distributions P1, ..., PT undergoing a gradual shift, where each pair of consecutive measures Pi, Pi+1 are close to each other in Wasserstein distance. We have a supervised dataset of size n sampled from P0, while for the subsequent distributions in the sequence, only unlabeled i.i.d. samples are available. Moreover, we assume that all distributions exhibit a known favorable attribute, such as (but not limited to) having intra-class soft/hard margins. In this context, we propose a methodology rooted in Distributionally Robust Optimization (DRO) with an adaptive Wasserstein radius. We theoretically show that this method guarantees the classification error across all Pis can be suitably bounded. Our bounds rely on a newly introduced compatibility measure, which fully characterizes the error propagation dynamics along the sequence. Specifically, for inadequately constrained distributions, the error can exponentially escalate as we progress through the gradual shifts. Conversely, for appropriately constrained distributions, the error can be demonstrated to be linear or even entirely eradicated. We have substantiated our theoretical findings through several experimental results. © 2024 Neural information processing systems foundation. All rights reserved.

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DeepCNN:Spectro-temporal feature representation for speech emotion recognition

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CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology 2023年第2期8卷 401-417页

作者： Nasir Saleem Jiechao Gao Rizwana Irfan Ahmad Almadhor Hafiz Tayyab Rauf Yudong Zhang Seifedine Kadry Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering and TechnologyGomal UniversityD.I.KhanPakistan Department of Computer Science University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA Department of Information Technology College of Computing and Information Technology at KhulaisUniversity of JeddahJeddahSaudi Arabia Department of Computer Engineering and Networks College of Computer and Information SciencesJouf UniversitySkaka AljoufSaudi Arabia Centre for Smart Systems AI and CybersecurityStaffordshire UniversityStoke‐on‐TrentUK School of Computing and Mathematical Sciences University of LeicesterLeicesterUK Department of Applied Data Science Noroff University CollegeKristiansandNorway Artificial Intelligence Research Center(AIRC) Ajman UniversityAjmanUnited Arab Emirates Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Lebanese American UniversityByblosLebanon

Speech emotion recognition(SER)is an important research problem in human-computer interaction *** representation and extraction of features are significant challenges in SER *** the promising results of recent studies,they generally do not leverage progressive fusion techniques for effective feature representation and increasing receptive *** mitigate this problem,this article proposes DeepCNN,which is a fusion of spectral and temporal features of emotional speech by parallelising convolutional neural networks(CNNs)and a convolution layer-based *** parallel CNNs are applied to extract the spectral features(2D-CNN)and temporal features(1D-CNN)representations.A 2D-convolution layer-based transformer module extracts spectro-temporal features and concatenates them with features from parallel *** learnt low-level concatenated features are then applied to a deep framework of convolutional blocks,which retrieves high-level feature representation and subsequently categorises the emotional states using an attention gated recurrent unit and classification *** fusion technique results in a deeper hierarchical feature representation at a lower computational cost while simultaneously expanding the filter depth and reducing the feature *** Berlin Database of Emotional Speech(EMO-BD)and Interactive Emotional Dyadic Motion Capture(IEMOCAP)datasets are used in experiments to recognise distinct speech *** efficient spectral and temporal feature representation,the proposed SER model achieves 94.2%accuracy for different emotions on the EMO-BD and 81.1%accuracy on the IEMOCAP dataset *** proposed SER system,DeepCNN,outperforms the baseline SER systems in terms of emotion recognition accuracy on the EMO-BD and IEMOCAP datasets.

关键词： decision making deep learning

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Enhancing single-lead electrocardiogram arrhythmia detection with empirical mode decomposition

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Neural Computing and Applications 2025年第17期37卷 11583-11605页

作者： Issa, Mohamed F. Yousry, Ahmed Tuboly, Gergely Wang, Zeyu Zoltan, Juhasz Selim, Mazen M. AbuEl-Atta, Ahmed H. Department of Scientific Computing Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence Benha University Benha13511 Egypt Department of Computer Science Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence Benha University Benha13511 Egypt Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems University of Pannonia Veszprem8200 Hungary Department of Mechatronics Delta University for Science and Technology Gamasa35712 Egypt

Cardiac arrhythmias pose a significant challenge to health care, requiring accurate and reliable detection methods to enable early diagnosis and treatment. However, traditional ECG beat classification methods often lack robustness and fail to generalize effectively to diverse clinical scenarios, particularly when using single-lead-I recordings, which are less studied compared to lead II. To address this gap, this paper proposes a novel method that combines deep learning and empirical mode decomposition (EMD) for arrhythmia detection using single-lead-I ECG recordings obtained with electrodes on each hand. The hybrid model comprises 149 layers of one-dimensional convolution, max pooling, and residual blocks. By leveraging EMD, it classifies ECG beats into normal beats, premature ventricular contractions, and atrial premature beats with high sensitivity (99.86%, 99.72%, and 99.84%, respectively) using the first four intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). The proposed method is applicable in clinical and out-of-hospital monitoring scenarios, and an accompanying web application provides real-time analysis and diagnostic results. This approach addresses a critical gap in lead-I ECG analysis, enhancing diagnostic precision and expanding the scope of ECG applications in health care. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Empirical mode decomposition

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Uncertainty propagation in the internet of things

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Discover Internet of Things 2024年第1期4卷 1-20页

作者： Pal, Shantanu Khalifa, Sara Miller, Dimity Dedeoglu, Volkan Dorri, Ali Ramachandran, Gowri Moghadam, Peyman Kusy, Brano Jurdak, Raja The School of Information Technology Faculty of Science Engineering and Built Environment Deakin University MelbourneVIC 3125 Australia The School of Information Systems Faculty of Science Queensland University of Technology BrisbaneQLD4000 Australia The School of Electrical Engineering and Robotics Faculty of Engineering Queensland University of Technology BrisbaneQLD4000 Australia The Distributed Sensing Systems Group Data61 CSIRO PullenvaleQLD 4069 Australia The School of Computer Science Faculty of Science Queensland University of Technology BrisbaneQLD 4000 Australia The CSIRO Robotics Data61 CSIRO PullenvaleQLD 4069 Australia

The Internet of Things (IoT) detects context through sensors capturing data from dynamic physical environments, in order to inform automation decisions within cyber physical systems (CPS). Diverse types of uncertainty in the IoT pipeline can propagate within and across nodes, involving complex interactions with security, privacy, and trust that remain largely unexplored. This paper conducts an in-depth analysis of the types of uncertainties in IoT and how they propagate within IoT nodes and networks. We consider adversarial uncertainty in the context of distributed IoT networks to capture perturbations due to malicious actors in the network that can influence IoT security, privacy and trust. We examine the propagation of adversarial uncertainty and well-known uncertainty types, namely aleatoric and epistemic uncertainty, within the five distinct stages of sensing, communication, storage, processing and decision-making in an IoT pipeline, across network layer boundaries, and across nodes within an IoT network. Using this mapping, we analyse the interactions between the uncertainty types and their propagation, and security, privacy, and trust in IoT. Based on this analysis, we discuss guidelines and considerations for mitigating uncertainty in IoT through a smart grid use case study. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： Differential privacy

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The Efficient Cluster Head Selection for NarrowBand Internet of Things

The Efficient Cluster Head Selection for NarrowBand Internet...

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2023 International Conference on Consumer Electronics - Taiwan, ICCE-Taiwan 2023

作者： Huang, Shih-Yun Lee, Shou-Yu Wu, Tin-Yu Chang, Yao-Chung Chao, Han-Chieh Tunghai University Department of Computer Science Taichung Taiwan National Pingtung University of Science and Technology Department of Management Information Systems Taiwan National Taitung University Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Taitung Taiwan National Dong Hwa University Department of Electrical Engineering Hualien Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9798350324174

The future of 5G will focus on massive machine-type communication (mMTC), and many applications will be based on this application and gradually mature. These applications include smart cities, e-health, and the Internet of Vehicles (IoV). In addition, the Narrowband Internet of things (NB-IoT) is a critical technology in mMTC. NB-IoT can bring many benefits, such as efficient bandwidth use and long-distance transmission. However, although NB-IoT has many advantages, issues such as throughput, energy consumption, and security still need to be solved. In order to effectively solve these problems, the choice of cluster heads is very important. Considering that the energy consumption of the CH will be more severe than that of other devices, which will also shorten the network;therefore, we will focus on the dynamic cluster head selection. To solve this problem, we introduced the concept of the pseudo-rigid body into this paper and proposed a method similar pseudo-rigid body to determine the CHs;at the same time, we also defined the maximum range of each cluster. The experimental results show that the proposed method can dynamically select the CH and increase the network lifetime. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Internet of things

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Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence and Automatic Morse Code Based Communication Recognition with Eye Tracking

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Journal of Mobile Multimedia 2023年第6期19卷 1439-1461页

作者： Medichalam, Krishnakanth Vijayarajan, V. Kumar, V. Vinoth Iyer, I. Manimozhi Vanukuri, Yaswanth Kumar Prasath, V.B. Surya Swapna, B. School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore India School of Computer Science Engineering and Information Systems Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore 632014 India Department of Computer Science and Engineering East Point College of Engineering and Technology India Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Cincinnati 45221 OH United States Department of ECE Dr MGR Educational and Research Institute Chennai 95 India

Morse code is one of the oldest communication techniques and used in telecommunication systems. Morse code can be transmitted as a visual signal by using reflections or with the help of flashlights, but it can also be used as a non-detectable form of communication by using the tapping of fingers or even blinking of eyes. In this paper, we develop a computer vision based approach that automatically characterizes the characters conveyed wherein a person can communicate to system or another person through Morse code with eye gestures. We can decode this visual eye tracking based language with the help of our automatic computer vision driven method. Our approach uses a normal webcam to detect the gestures made by the eyes and are interpreted as dots and dashes. These dots and dashes are used to represent the Morse code-based words. Image processing techniques-based blink and pupil detectors are employed. Blink detector helps us to detect a blink and the time that took for each blink. A blink that takes 2 to 4 seconds is acknowledged as a dot whereas a blink that takes more than 4 seconds is represented as a dash. The pupil detector helps us to detect the movement of the pupils, and if pupils move towards right with respect to a person then it is acknowledged as next letter and if the pupils are moved towards left with respect to a person then it is acknowledged as next word. In this way, we decode the Morse code which will be communicated using eyes and establish a non-detectable communication between a person and an automatic system. Our experimental results on an unconstrained visual scene with preliminary greeting words indicate the promise of an automatic eye tracking based system with success rate of 98.25% that can be of use in non-verbal communications. © 2023 River Publishers.

关键词： blinks communication eye detection face detection gestures image processing Morse code

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3D Kronecker Convolutional Feature Pyramid for Brain Tumor Semantic Segmentation in MR Imaging

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computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第9期76卷 2861-2877页

作者： Kainat Nazir Tahir Mustafa Madni Uzair Iqbal Janjua Umer Javed Muhammad Attique Khan Usman Tariq Jae-Hyuk Cha Medical Imaging and Diagnostics Lab NCAIDepartment of Computer ScienceCOMSATS University IslamabadIslamabad44000Pakistan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering COMSATS University IslamabadWah CampusWahPakistan Department of Computer Science HITEC UniversityTaxilaPakistan Department of Management Information Systems College of Business AdministrationPrince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversityAl-Kharj16273Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Hanyang UniversitySeoul04763Korea

Brain tumor significantly impacts the quality of life and changes everything for a patient and their loved *** a brain tumor usually begins with magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).The manual brain tumor diagnosis from the MRO images always requires an expert ***,this process is time-consuming and ***,a computerized technique is required for brain tumor detection in MRI *** the MRI,a novel mechanism of the three-dimensional(3D)Kronecker convolution feature pyramid(KCFP)is used to segment brain tumors,resolving the pixel loss and weak processing of multi-scale lesions.A single dilation rate was replaced with the 3D Kronecker convolution,while local feature learning was performed using the 3D Feature Selection(3DFSC).A 3D KCFP was added at the end of 3DFSC to resolve weak processing of multi-scale lesions,yielding efficient segmentation of brain tumors of different sizes.A 3D connected component analysis with a global threshold was used as a post-processing *** standard Multimodal Brain Tumor Segmentation 2020 dataset was used for model *** 3D KCFP model performed exceptionally well compared to other benchmark schemes with a dice similarity coefficient of 0.90,0.80,and 0.84 for the whole tumor,enhancing tumor,and tumor core,***,the proposed model was efficient in brain tumor segmentation,which may facilitate medical practitioners for an appropriate diagnosis for future treatment planning.

关键词： Brain tumor segmentation connect component analysis deep learning kronecker convolution magnetic resonance imaging

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Robust Multiresolution and Multistain Background Segmentation in Whole Slide Images 23rd

Robust Multiresolution and Multistain Background Segmentatio...

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Proceedings of the 23rd Polish Conference on Biocybernetics and Biomedical engineering, PCBEE 2023

作者： Jurgas, Artur Wodzinski, Marek Atzori, Manfredo Müller, Henning Information Systems Institute Sierre Switzerland Faculty of Electrical Engineering Automatics Computer Science and Biomedical Engineering AGH University of Science and Technology Krakow Poland Department of Neuroscience University of Padova Padova Italy Medical Faculty University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)9783031384295

Background segmentation is an important step in analysis of histopathological images. It allows one to remove irrelevant regions and focus on the tissue of interest. However, background segmentation is challenging due to the variability of stain colors and intensity levels across different images, modalities, and magnification levels. In this paper, we present a learning-based model for histopathology background segmentation based on convolutional neural networks. We compare two multiresolution approaches to deal with the variability of magnification in histopathology images: (i) model that uses upscaling of smaller patches of the image, and (ii) model simultaneously trained on multiple resolution levels. Our model is characterized by solid performance both in multiresolution and multistain dyes (H &E and IHC), achieving good performance on publicly available dataset. The quantitative scores are, in terms of the Dice score, close to 94.71. The qualitative analysis presents strong performance on previously unseen cases from different distributions and various dyes. We freely release the model, weights, and ground-truth annotations to promote the open science and reproducible research. © 2024, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Pathology

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Optimal Resource Allocation Method for Device-to-Device Communication in 5G Networks

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computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第4期71卷 1-15页

作者： Fahd N.Al-Wesabi Imran Khan Saleem Latteef Mohammed Huda Farooq Jameel Mohammad Alamgeer Ali M.Al-Sharafi Byung Seo Kim Department of Computer Science King Khalid UniversityMuhayel AseerKSA Faculty of Computer and IT Sana’a UniversityYemen Department of Electrical Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyPeshawarPakistan Department of Medical Instrumentation Techniques Engineering Electrical Engineering Technical CollegeMiddle Technical UniversityBaghdad10013Iraq Department of Information Systems King Khalid UniversityMayahel AseerKSA Department of Computer Science College of Computers and Information TechnologyUniversity of BishaKSA Department of Software and Communications Engineering Hongik UniversityKorea

With the rapid development of the next-generation mobile network,the number of terminal devices and applications is growing ***,how to obtain a higher data rate,wider network coverage and higher resource utilization in the limited spectrum resources has become the common research goal of ***-to-Device(D2D)communication technology and other frontier communication technologies have ***-to-Device communication technology is the technology that devices in proximity can communicate directly in cellular *** has become one of the key technologies of the fifth-generation mobile communications system(5G).D2D communication technology which is introduced into cellular networks can effectively improve spectrum utilization,enhance network coverage,reduce transmission delay and improve system throughput,but it would also bring complicated and various interferences due to reusing cellular resources at the same *** resource management is one of the most challenging and importing issues to give full play to the advantages of D2D *** resource allocation is an important factor that needs to be addressed in D2D ***,this paper proposes an optimization method based on the game-matching *** main idea is to model the optimization problem of the quality-of-experience based on user fairness and solve it through game-matching *** results show that the proposed algorithm effectively improved the resource allocation and utilization as compared with existing algorithms.

关键词： D2D communication resource allocation optimization networks

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Collaborative Computing in Non-Terrestrial Networks: A Multi-Time-Scale Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach

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IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 2024年第5期23卷 4932-4949页

作者： Cao, Yang Lien, Shao-Yu Liang, Ying-Chang Niyato, Dusit Shen, Xuemin Southwest Jiaotong University School of Information Science and Technology Chengdu611756 China Institute of Intelligent Systems National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Tainan City711 Taiwan Chengdu611731 China Nanyang Technological University School of Computer Science and Engineering Jurong West639798 Singapore University of Waterloo Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada

Constructing earth-fixed cells with low-earth orbit (LEO) satellites in non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) has been the most promising paradigm to enable global coverage. The limited computing capabilities on LEO satellites however render tackling resource optimization within a short duration a critical challenge. Although the sufficient computing capabilities of the ground infrastructures can be utilized to assist the LEO satellite, different time-scale control cycles and coupling decisions between the space- and ground-segments still obstruct the joint optimization design for computing agents at different segments. To address the above challenges, in this paper, a multi-time-scale deep reinforcement learning (DRL) scheme is developed for achieving the radio resource optimization in NTNs, in which the LEO satellite and user equipment (UE) collaborate with each other to perform individual decision-making tasks with different control cycles. Specifically, the UE updates its policy toward improving value functions of both the satellite and UE, while the LEO satellite only performs finite-step rollout for decision-makings based on the reference decision trajectory provided by the UE. Most importantly, rigorous analysis to guarantee the performance convergence of the proposed scheme is provided. Comprehensive simulations are conducted to justify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme in balancing the transmission performance and computational complexity. © 2002-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Resource allocation

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