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arXiv 2023年

作者： Bai, Ge Marvian, Iman Centre for Quantum Technologies National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 2 Singapore117543 Singapore QICI Quantum Information and Computation Initiative Department of Computer Science The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong HKU-Oxford Joint Laboratory for Quantum Information and Computation Hong Kong Duke Quantum Center Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Physics Duke University DurhamNC27708 United States

We study quantum circuits constructed from √iSWAP gates and, more generally, from the entangling gates that can be realized with the XX+YY interaction alone. Such gates preserve the Hamming weight of states in the computational basis, which means they respect the global U(1) symmetry corresponding to rotations around the z axis. Equivalently, assuming that the intrinsic Hamiltonian of each qubit in the system is the Pauli Z operator, they conserve the total energy of the system. We develop efficient methods for synthesizing circuits realizing any desired energy-conserving unitary using XX+YY interaction with or without single-qubit rotations around the z-axis. Interestingly, implementing generic energy-conserving unitaries, such as CCZ and Fredkin gates, with 2-local energy-conserving gates requires the use of ancilla qubits. When single-qubit rotations around the z-axis are permitted, our scheme requires only a single ancilla qubit, whereas with the XX+YY interaction alone, it requires 2 ancilla qubits. In addition to exact realizations, we also consider approximate realizations and show how a general energy-conserving unitary can be synthesized using only a sequence of √iSWAP gates and 2 ancillary qubits, with arbitrarily small error, which can be bounded via the Solovay-Kitaev theorem. Our methods are also applicable for synthesizing energy-conserving unitaries when, rather than the XX+YY interaction, one has access to any other energy-conserving 2-body interaction that is not diagonal in the computational basis, such as the Heisenberg exchange interaction. We briefly discuss the applications of these circuits in the context of quantum computing, quantum thermodynamics, and quantum clocks. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Qubits

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Evaluating an Autonomous eDNA Sampler for Marine Environmental Monitoring: Short- and Long-Term Applications

Evaluating an Autonomous eDNA Sampler for Marine Environment...

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oceanS

作者： Mallory Van Wyngaarden Nicholas W. Jeffery Edward Horne Rute B.G. Clemente-Carvalho Matt Lemay Iain Grundke Eddy Luy Andre Hendricks Colin Sonnichsen Vincent Sieben Julie Laroche Robert G. Beiko Arnold Furlong Tom Knox Harri Pettitt-Wade Ryan R.E. Stanley Fisheries and Oceans Canada Bedford Institute of Oceanography Dartmouth Nova Scotia Canada Tula Foundation/Hakai Institute Campbell River British Columbia Canada Dartmouth Ocean Technologies Inc Dartmouth Nova Scotia Canada Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Dalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia Canada Department of Biology Dalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia Canada Faculty of Computer Science Dalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia Canada

ISBN: (数字)9798331540081

ISBN: (纸本)9798331540098

Monitoring biological diversity is essential for monitoring ecosystem health and evaluating conservation efforts. Environmental DNA metabarcoding has emerged as a powerful, scalable, and minimally invasive tool for assessing biodiversity. In this study, we evaluate the performance of an autonomous eDNA sampling platform deployed over a nine-week period and compare it with a traditional filter-at-sample (F AS) sampling protocol. Our results show that the autonomous sampling platform consistently captures and preserves DNA with comparable effectiveness to conventional in-situ filtering and preservation at −80°C. Using two eDNA markers, we found that fish communities (12S marker) identified by both sampling methods largely overlapped, while invertebrate detections (COI marker) differed between methods, likely due to differences in filter specifications. These findings demonstrate that the autonomous samplers worked effectively in comparison to traditional methods, highlighting their potential to expand the temporal and spatial coverage of eDNA-based biodiversity monitoring. The ability of these samplers to facilitate long-term and continuous sampling in challenging environments shows promise for advancing eDNA applications in diverse and remote settings. Further research is needed to assess their performance in deeper waters and over extended periods, particularly to evaluate eDNA preservation at ambient ocean temperatures.

关键词： Protocols Minimally invasive surgery Filtering DNA Sampling methods Fish Biodiversity Environmental monitoring Environmental management ocean temperature

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Nonconvex Factorization and Manifold Formulations are Almost Equivalent in Low-rank Matrix Optimization

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Luo, Yuetian Li, Xudong Zhang, Anru R. Data Science Institute University of Chicago United States School of Data Science Fudan University China Departments of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics Computer Science Electrical & Computer Engineering Mathematics and Statistical Science Duke University United States

In this paper, we consider the geometric landscape connection of the widely studied manifold and factorization formulations in low-rank positive semidefinite (PSD) and general matrix optimization. We establish a sandwich relation on the spectrum of Riemannian and Euclidean Hessians at first-order stationary points (FOSPs). As a result of that, we obtain an equivalence on the set of FOSPs, second-order stationary points (SOSPs), and strict saddles between the manifold and the factorization formulations. In addition, we show the sandwich relation can be used to transfer more quantitative geometric properties from one formulation to another. Similarities and differences in the landscape connection under the PSD case and the general case are discussed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first geometric landscape connection between the manifold and the factorization formulations for handling rank constraints, and it provides a geometric explanation for the similar empirical performance of factorization and manifold approaches in low-rank matrix optimization observed in the literature. In the general low-rank matrix optimization, the landscape connection of two factorization formulations (unregularized and regularized ones) is also provided. By applying these geometric landscape connections, in particular, the sandwich relation, we are able to solve unanswered questions in literature and establish stronger results in the applications on geometric analysis of phase retrieval, well-conditioned low-rank matrix optimization, and the role of regularization in factorization arising from machine learning and signal processing. © 2021, CC BY-SA.

关键词： Matrix factorization

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Objective and automatic assessment approach for diagnosing attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder based on skeleton detection and classification analysis in outpatient videos

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Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health 2024年第1期18卷 60页

作者： Ouyang, Chen-Sen Yang, Rei-Cheng Wu, Rong-Ching Chiang, Ching-Tai Chiu, Yi-Hung Lin, Lung-Chang Department of Information Management National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology No.1 University Rd. Yanchao District Kaohsiung 824005 Taiwan Departments of Pediatrics Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital Kaohsiung Medical University #100 Tzyou 1st Rd. Sanmin District Kaohsiung 80756 Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering I-Shou University No.1 Sec. 1 Syuecheng Rd. Dashu District Kaohsiung 84001 Taiwan Department of Computer and Communication National Pingtung University No.4-18 Minsheng Rd. Pingtung County Pingtung 900391 Taiwan Department of Information Engineering I-Shou University No.1 Sec. 1 Syuecheng Rd. Dashu District Kaohsiung 84001 Taiwan Department of Pediatrics School of Medicine College of Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University No.100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road Sanmin District Kaohsiung 807378 Taiwan

Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is diagnosed in accordance with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition criteria by using subjective observations and information provided by parents and teachers. However, subjective analysis often leads to overdiagnosis or underdiagnosis. There are two types of motor abnormalities in patients with ADHD. First, hyperactivity with fidgeting and restlessness is the major diagnostic criterium for ADHD. Second, developmental coordination disorder characterized by deficits in the acquisition and execution of coordinated motor skills is not the major criterium for ADHD. In this study, a machine learning-based approach was proposed to evaluate and classify 96 patients into ADHD (48 patients, 26 males and 22 females, with mean age: 7y6m) and non-ADHD (48 patients, 26 males and 22 females, with mean age: 7y8m) objectively and automatically by quantifying their movements and evaluating the restlessness scales. Methods: This approach is mainly based on movement quantization through analysis of variance in patients’ skeletons detected in outpatient videos. The patients’ skeleton sequence in the video was detected using OpenPose and then characterized using 11 values of feature descriptors. A classification analysis based on six machine learning classifiers was performed to evaluate and compare the discriminating power of different feature combinations. Results: The results revealed that compared with the non-ADHD group, the ADHD group had significantly larger means in all cases of single feature descriptors. The single feature descriptor “thigh angle”, with the values of 157.89 ± 32.81 and 15.37 ± 6.62 in ADHD and non-ADHD groups (p < 0.0001), achieved the best result (optimal cutoff, 42.39;accuracy, 91.03%;sensitivity, 90.25%;specificity, 91.86%;and AUC, 94.00%). Conclusions: The proposed approach can be used to evaluate and classify patients into ADHD and non-ADHD objectively and automat

关键词： ADHD Cutoff Machine learning OpenPose Skeleton detection Variance analysis

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HNF-Netv2 for Brain Tumor Segmentation using multi-modal MR Imaging

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Jia, Haozhe Bai, Chao Cai, Weidong Huang, Heng Xia, Yong Research & Development Institute Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen Shenzhen518057 China National Engineering Laboratory for Integrated Aero-Space-Ground-Ocean Big Data Application Technology School of Computer Science and Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'An710072 China School of Computer Science University of Sydney SydneyNSW2006 Australia Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Pittsburgh PittsburghPA15261 United States JD Finance America Corporation California CA94043 United States

In our previous work, i.e., HNF-Net, high-resolution feature representation and light-weight non-local self-attention mechanism are exploited for brain tumor segmentation using multi-modal MR imaging. In this paper, we extend our HNF-Net to HNF-Netv2 by adding inter-scale and intra-scale semantic discrimination enhancing blocks to further exploit global semantic discrimination for the obtained high-resolution features. We trained and evaluated our HNF-Netv2 on the multi-modal Brain Tumor Segmentation Challenge (BraTS) 2021 dataset. The result on the test set shows that our HNF-Netv2 achieved the average Dice scores of 0.878514, 0.872985, and 0.924919, as well as the Hausdorff distances (95%) of 8.9184, 16.2530, and 4.4895 for the enhancing tumor, tumor core, and whole tumor, respectively. Our method won the RSNA 2021 Brain Tumor AI Challenge Prize (Segmentation Task), which ranks 8th out of all 1250 submitted results. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Tumors

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Expected uncertainty reduction for sequential kriging-based reliability analysis

Expected uncertainty reduction for sequential kriging-based ...

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ASME 2020 International Design engineering Technical Conferences and computers and Information in engineering Conference, IDETC-CIE 2020

作者： Li, Meng Shen, Sheng Barzegar, Vahid Sadoughi, Mohammadkazem Laflamme, Simon Hu, Chao Department of Mechanical Engineering Iowa State University AmesIA United States Corporate Engineering Data Science National Oilwell Vargo HoustonTX United States Dept. of Civil Construction and Environmental Engineering and Electrical and Computer Egineering Iowa State University AmesIA United States Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Electrical and Computer Engineering Iowa State University AmesIA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780791884003

Several acquisition functions have been proposed to identify an optimal sequence of samples in sequential kriging-based reliability analysis. However, no single acquisition function provides better performance over the others in all cases. To address this problem, this paper proposes a new acquisition function, namely expected uncertainty reduction (EUR), that serves as a meta-criterion to select the best sample from a set of optimal samples, each identified from a large number of candidate samples according to the criterion of an acquisition function. EUR directly quantifies the expected reduction of the uncertainty in the prediction of limit-state function by adding an optimal sample. The uncertainty reduction is quantified by sampling over the kriging posterior. In the proposed EUR-based sequential sampling framework, a portfolio that consists of four acquisition functions is first employed to suggest four optimal samples at each iteration of sequential sampling. Then, EUR is employed as the meta-criterion to identify the best sample among those optimal samples. The results from two mathematical case studies show that (1) EUR-based sequential sampling can perform as well as or outperform the single use of any acquisition function in the portfolio, and (2) the best-performing acquisition function may change from one problem to another or even from one iteration to the next within a problem. © 2020 American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME). All rights reserved.

关键词： Reliability analysis

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Synthesising 3D Cardiac CINE-MR Images and Corresponding Segmentation Masks using a Latent Diffusion Model

Synthesising 3D Cardiac CINE-MR Images and Corresponding Seg...

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IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging

作者： Nina Cheng Zhengji Liu Yash Deo Haoran Dou Ning Bi Kun Wu Fengming Lin Zeike A Taylor Nishant Ravikumar Alejandro F Frangi CISTIB Centre for Computational Imaging and Simulation Technologies in Biomedicine University of Leeds School of Optometry The Hong Kong Polytechnic University NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre Leeds UK Alan Turing Institute London UK Division of Informatics Imaging and Data Science Schools of Computer Science and Health Sciences University of Manchester Manchester UK Cardiovascular Sciences Departments Medical Imaging Research Center (MIRC) Electrical Engineering KU Leuven Leuven Belgium

ISBN: (数字)9798350313338

ISBN: (纸本)9798350313345

We propose a novel pipeline for the generation of synthetic full spatial cine cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) images via a latent Denoising Diffusion Implicit Models (DDIMs). These synthetic images can be used as viable alternatives to real data in deep learning model training for downstream cardiac image analysis tasks such as cardiac segmentation. To demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach, we generated synthetic CMR images along with their corresponding segmentation masks. We evaluated model performance using a variety of methods, including generated image fidelity, diversity and calculated the volumes of the generated segmentation masks and compare it with the real segmentation masks. The proposed pipeline has the potential to be widely applied to other tasks in various medical imaging modalities. Effective and efficient generation of 3D cine cardiac images with corresponding segmentation masks can supplement real patient datasets and help reduce the burden of manually annotating images.

关键词： Training Image segmentation Solid modeling Three-dimensional displays Biological system modeling Pipelines Noise reduction

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Architectures for Heterogeneous Quantum Error Correction Codes

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Stein, Samuel Xu, Shifan Cross, Andrew W. Yoder, Theodore J. Javadi-Abhari, Ali Liu, Chenxu Liu, Kun Zhou, Zeyuan Guinn, Charles Ding, Yufei Ding, Yongshan Li, Ang Pacific Northwest National Laboratory RichlandWA United States Departments of Applied Physics Yale University New HavenCT United States Yale Quantum Institute Yale University New HavenCT United States Department of Computer Science Yale University New HavenCT United States IBM Quantum IBM T. J. Watson Research Center Yorktown HeightsNY United States Department of Physics Princeton University PrincetonNJ United States Department of Computer Science & Engineering University of Califronia San Diego San DiegoCA United States Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering University of Washington WashingtonWA United States

Quantum Error Correction (QEC) is essential for future quantum computers due to its ability to exponentially suppress physical errors. The surface code is a leading error-correcting code candidate because of its local topological structure, experimentally achievable thresholds, and support for universal gate operations with magic states. However, its physical overhead scales quadratically with number of correctable errors. Conversely, quantum low-density parity-check (qLDPC) codes offer superior scaling but lack, on their own, a clear path to universal logical computation. Therefore, it is becoming increasingly evident that there are significant advantages to designing architectures using multiple codes. Heterogeneous architectures provide a clear path to universal logical computation as well as the ability to access different resource trade offs. To address this, we propose integrating the surface code and gross code using an ancilla bus for inter-code data movement. This approach involves managing trade-offs, including qubit overhead, a constrained instruction set, and gross code (memory) routing and management. While our focus is on the gross-surface code architecture, our method is adaptable to any code combination and the constraints generated by that specific architecture. Motivated by the potential reduction of physical qubit overhead, an ever important feature in the realization of fault tolerant computation, we perform the first full system study of heterogeneous error-correcting codes, discovering architectural trade-offs and optimizing around them. We demonstrate physical qubit reductions of up to 6.42× when executing an algorithm to a specific logical error rate, at the cost of up to a 3.43× increase in execution time. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Qubits

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Charged-impurity free printing-based diffusion doping in molybdenum disulfide field-effect transistors

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Jeong, Inho Yang, Jiwoo Jang, Juntae Cho, Daeheum Kwon, Deok-Hwang Kim, Jae-Keun Lee, Takhee Cho, Kyungjune Chung, Seungjun School of Electrical Engineering Korea University Seoul02841 Korea Republic of Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Department of Physics and Astronomy Institute of Applied Physics Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Departments of Chemistry Kyungpook National University Daegu41566 Korea Republic of Energy Materials Research Center Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul02792 Korea Republic of 06120 Germany Soft Hybrid Materials Research Center Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul02792 Korea Republic of Convergence Research Center for Solutions to Electromagnetic Interference in Future-mobility Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul02792 Korea Republic of

In practical electronic applications, where doping is crucial to exploit large-area two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors, surface charge transfer doping (SCTD) has emerged as a promising strategy to tailor their electrical characteristics. However, impurity scattering caused by resultant ionized dopants, after donating or withdrawing carriers, hinders transport in 2D semiconductor layers, limiting the carrier mobility. Here, we propose a diffusion doping method for chemical vapor deposition (CVD)-grown molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) that avoids interference from charged impurities. Selectively inkjet-printed dopants were introduced only on the contact region, allowing excessively donated electrons to diffuse to the channel layer due to the electron density difference. Therefore, diffusion-doped MoS2 FETs do not have undesirable charged impurities on the channel, exhibiting over two-fold higher field-effect mobility compared with conventional direct-doped ones. Our study paves the way for a new doping strategy that simultaneously suppresses charged impurity scattering and facilitates the tailoring of the SCTD effect. © 2024, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Semiconductor doping

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Discrete frequency infrared vibrational circular dichroism spectroscopy & imaging

Discrete frequency infrared vibrational circular dichroism s...

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Novel Techniques in Microscopy, NTM 2021 - Part of Biophotonics Congress: Optics in the Life sciences 2021

作者： Phal, Yamuna Yeh, Kevin Bhargava, Rohit Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign 306 N. Wright St UrbanaIL61801 United States Departments of Bioengineering Chemistry Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Mechanical Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL61801 United States Cancer Center at Illinois University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL61801 United States Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 405 N. Mathews Ave UrbanaIL61801 United States

Vibrational Circular Dichroism (VCD) arises from chiroptical phenomena in biological samples. We demonstrate VCD imaging, a novel microscopy technique that can provide molecular- and spatially-specific chirality mappi... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781557528209

关键词： Dichroism

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