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International Conference on Signal Processing Proceedings (ICSP)

作者： Junfeng Wang Yue Cui Haixin Sun Xiao Feng Mingzhang Zhou Ruiping Song Yaping Gu Biao Wang Jianghui Li Lanjun Liu Gaofeng Pan Shexiang Ma School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Tianjin University of Technology Tianjin China College of Computer and Information Engineering Tianjin Normal University Tianjin China School of Informatics Xiamen University Xiamen China Shanghai Acoustics Laboratory Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China College of Electronic and Information Engineering Jiangsu University of Science and Technology Zhenjiang China Institute of Sound and Vibration Research University of Southampton Southampton UK College of Engineering Ocean University of China Qingdao China CEMSE Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal Saudi Arabia

ISBN: (数字)9781728144801

ISBN: (纸本)9781728144818

As a new one of underwater wireless data exchange families, full-duplex cognitive underwater acoustic communications (FDCUACs) play an important role not only for improving the performance of the underwater acoustic communications, but also for protecting the normal communications among the halobios simultaneously, which has been attracted widely attention and deeply research. Since the configuration on multiple input and multiple output (MIMO) is employed in the FDCUACs, it has the potential to improve the performance such as channel capacity, interference cancellation based on beamforming, and spectrum sensing according to transmitted direction significantly. However, there are some costs such as how to overcome the co-channel interference, how to synchronize all channels, and how to provide simple detection. In order to stimulate new research, this paper first reviews the benefits, then discusses the costs, and presents a benefit-cost analysis for the MIMO configuration deployed in the FDCUACs. Based on the above overview, the paper is also concluded by outlining a range of future research topics that may find their way into the FDCUAC or next-generation underwater wireless systems.

关键词： MIMO communication Interference cancellation Sensors Array signal processing Synchronization Antenna arrays Underwater acoustics

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Quantum adiabatic machine learning by zooming into a region of the energy surface

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Physical Review A 2020年第6期102卷 062405-062405页

作者： Alexander Zlokapa Alex Mott Joshua Job Jean-Roch Vlimant Daniel Lidar Maria Spiropulu Division of Physics Mathematics & Astronomy Alliance for Quantum Technologies California Institute of Technology Pasadena California 91125 USA DeepMind Technologies London United Kingdom Lockheed Martin Advanced Technology Center Sunnyvale California 94089 USA Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering Chemistry and Physics & Astronomy and Center for Quantum Information Science & Technology University of Southern California Los Angeles California 90089 USA

Recent work has shown that quantum annealing for machine learning, referred to as QAML, can perform comparably to state-of-the-art machine learning methods with a specific application to Higgs boson classification. We propose QAML-Z, an algorithm that iteratively zooms in on a region of the energy surface by mapping the problem to a continuous space and sequentially applying quantum annealing to an augmented set of weak classifiers. Results on a programmable quantum annealer show that QAML-Z matches classical deep neural network performance at small training set sizes and reduces the performance margin between QAML and classical deep neural networks by almost 50% at large training set sizes, as measured by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. The significant improvement of quantum annealing algorithms for machine learning and the use of a discrete quantum algorithm on a continuous optimization problem both opens a class of problems that can be solved by quantum annealers and suggests the approach in performance of near-term quantum machine learning towards classical benchmarks.

关键词： Adiabatic quantum optimization Machine learning Quantum computation

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Critical faults of leakage errors on the surface code

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Brown, Natalie C. Cross, Andrew W. Brown, Kenneth R. School of Physics Georgia Institute of Technology AtlantaGA United States IBM T. J. Watson Research Center Yorktown HeightsNY United States Schools of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Computational Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology AtlantaGA United States Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering Chemistry and Physics Duke University DurhamNC United States

Leakage is a particularly damaging error that occurs when a qubit leaves the defined computational subspace. Leakage errors limit the effectiveness of quantum error correcting codes by spreading additional errors to other qubits and corrupting syndrome measurements. The effects of leakage errors on the surface code has been studied in various contexts. However, the effects of a leaked data qubit versus a leaked ancilla qubit can be quite different. Here, we study the effects of data leakage and ancilla leakage separately. We show that data leakage is much less damaging. We show that the surface code maintains its distance in the presence of leakage by either confining leakage to data qubits or eliminating ancilla qubit leakage at the critical fault location. We also introduce new techniques for handling leakage by using gates with one-sided leakage and by mixing two types of leakage reducing circuits: one to handle data leakage and one to handle ancilla leakage. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Qubits

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Demonstration of Algorithmic Quantum Speedup for an Abelian Hidden Subgroup Problem

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Physical Review X 2025年第2期15卷 021082-021082页

作者： Phattharaporn Singkanipa Victor Kasatkin Zeyuan Zhou Gregory Quiroz Daniel A. Lidar Department of Physics University of Southern California Los Angeles California 90089 USA Center for Quantum Information Science and Technology University of Southern California Los Angeles California 90089 USA Viterbi School of Engineering University of Southern California Los Angeles California 90089 USA William H. Miller III Department of Physics and Astronomy Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland 21218 USA Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory Laurel Maryland 20723 USA Departments of Electrical & Computer Engineering Chemistry Physics & Astronomy and Center for Quantum Information Science & Technology University of Southern California Los Angeles California 90089 USA Quantum Elements Inc. Thousand Oaks California USA

Simon’s problem is to find a hidden period (a bitstring) encoded into an unknown 2-to-1 function. It is one of the earliest problems for which an exponential quantum speedup was proven for ideal, noiseless quantum computers, albeit in the oracle model. Here, using two different 127-qubit IBM Quantum superconducting processors, we demonstrate an algorithmic quantum speedup for a variant of Simon’s problem where the hidden period has a restricted Hamming weight w. For sufficiently small values of w and for circuits involving up to 58 qubits, we demonstrate an exponential speedup, albeit of a lower quality than the speedup predicted for the noiseless algorithm. The speedup exponent and the range of w values for which an exponential speedup exists are significantly enhanced when the computation is protected by dynamical decoupling. Further enhancement is achieved with measurement error mitigation. This case constitutes a demonstration of a bona fide quantum advantage for an Abelian hidden subgroup problem.

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Three-dimensional bioprinting of gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA)

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Bio-Design and Manufacturing 2018年第4期1卷 215-224页

作者： Guoliang Ying Nan Jiang Cunjiang Yu Yu Shrike Zhang Division of Engineering in Medicine Department of MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolCambridgeMA 02139USA School of Materials Science and Engineering Wuhan Institute of TechnologyWuhan 430205People's Republic of China School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard UniversityCambridgeMA 02139USA Departments of Mechanical Engineering Electrical and Computer EngineeringBiomedical EngineeringMaterials Science and Engineering ProgramThe Texas Center for SuperconductivityUniversity of HoustonHoustonTX 77204USA

The three-dimensional (3D)bioprinting technology has progressed tremendously over the past *** controlling the size, shape,and architecture of the bioprinted constructs,3D bioprinting allows for the fabrication of tissue/organ-like constructs with strong structural-functional similarity with their in vivo counterparts at high *** bioink,a blend of biomaterials and living cells possessing both high biocompatibility and printability,is a critical component of *** particular, gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA)has shown its potential as a viable bioink material due to its suitable biocompatibility and readily tunable physicochemical *** GelMA-based bioinks and relevant bioprinting strategies for GelMA bioprinting are briefly reviewed.

关键词： Bioprinting Bioink Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) Biofabrication -Tissue engineering Tissue model

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Reversible Non-Volatile Electronic Switching in a Near Room Temperature van der Waals Ferromagnet

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Wu, Han Chen, Lei Malinowski, Paul Huang, Jianwei Deng, Qinwen Scott, Kirsty Jang, Bo Gyu Ruff, Jacob P.C. He, Yu Chen, Xiang Hu, Chaowei Yue, Ziqin Oh, Ji Seop Teng, Xiaokun Guo, Yucheng Klemm, Mason Shi, Chuqiao Shi, Yue Setty, Chandan Werner, Tyler Hashimoto, Makoto Lu, Donghui Yilmaz, T. Vescovo, Elio Mo, Sung-Kwan Fedorov, Alexei Denlinger, Jonathan Xie, Yaofeng Gao, Bin Kono, Junichiro Dai, Pengcheng Han, Yimo Xu, Xiaodong Birgeneau, Robert J. Zhu, Jian-Xin da Silva Neto, Eduardo H. Wu, Liang Chu, Jiun-Haw Si, Qimiao Yi, Ming Department of Physics and Astronomy Rice Center for Quantum Materials Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Physics University of Washington SeattleWA98195 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA19104 United States Department of Physics Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Energy Sciences Institute Yale University West HavenCT06516 United States Theoretical Division Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies Los Alamos National Laboratory Los AlamosNM United States Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source Cornell University IthacaNY14853 United States Department of Applied Physics Yale University New HavenCT06511 United States Department of Physics University of California Berkeley BerkeleyCA94720 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Washington SeattleWA98195 United States Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo ParkCA94025 United States National Synchrotron Light Source II Brookhaven National Lab UptonNY11973 United States Advanced Light Source Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA94720 United States Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA94720 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of California Berkeley United States

The ability to reversibly toggle between two distinct states in a non-volatile method is important for information storage applications. Such devices have been realized for phase-change materials, which utilizes local heating methods to toggle between a crystalline and an amorphous state with distinct electrical properties [1–5]. To expand such kind of switching between two topologically distinct phases requires non-volatile switching between two crystalline phases with distinct symmetries. Here we report the observation of reversible and non-volatile switching between two stable and closely-related crystal structures with remarkably distinct electronic structures in the near room temperature van der Waals ferromagnet Fe5−δGeTe2. From a combination of characterization techniques we show that the switching is enabled by the ordering and disordering of an Fe site vacancy that results in distinct crystalline symmetries of the two phases that can be controlled by a thermal annealing and quenching method. Furthermore, from symmetry analysis as well as first principle calculations, we provide understanding of the key distinction in the observed electronic structures of the two phases: topological nodal lines compatible with the preserved global inversion symmetry in the site-disordered phase, and flat bands resulting from quantum destructive interference on a bipartite crystaline lattice formed by the presence of the site order as well as the lifting of the topological degeneracy due to the broken inversion symmetry in the site-ordered phase. Our work not only reveals a rich variety of quantum phases emergent in the metallic van der Waals ferromagnets due to the presence of site ordering, but also demonstrates the potential of these highly tunable two-dimensional magnets for memory and spintronics applications. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Electronic structure

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Network Offloading Policies for Cloud Robotics: A Learning-based Approach

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2019年

作者： Chinchali, Sandeep Sharma, Apoorva Harrison, James Elhafsi, Amine Kang, Daniel Pergament, Evgenya Cidon, Eyal Katti, Sachin Pavone, Marco Departments of Computer Science Stanford University StanfordCA United States Departments of Electrical Engineering Stanford University StanfordCA United States Departments of Aeronautics and Astronautics Stanford University StanfordCA United States Departments of Mechanical Engineering Stanford University StanfordCA United States

Today's robotic systems are increasingly turning to computationally expensive models such as deep neural networks (DNNs) for tasks like localization, perception, planning, and object detection. However, resource-constrained robots, like lowpower drones, often have insufficient on-board compute resources or power reserves to scalably run the most accurate, state-ofthe art neural network compute models. Cloud robotics allows mobile robots the benefit of offloading compute to centralized servers if they are uncertain locally or want to run more accurate, compute-intensive models. However, cloud robotics comes with a key, often understated cost: Communicating with the cloud over congested wireless networks may result in latency or loss of data. In fact, sending high data-rate video or LIDAR from multiple robots over congested networks can lead to prohibitive delay for real-time applications, which we measure experimentally. In this paper, we formulate a novel Robot Offloading Problem-how and when should robots offload sensing tasks, especially if they are uncertain, to improve accuracy while minimizing the cost of cloud communication? We formulate offloading as a sequential decision making problem for robots, and propose a solution using deep reinforcement learning. In both simulations and hardware experiments using state-of-the art vision DNNs, our offloading strategy improves vision task performance by between 1.3-2.6x of benchmark offloading strategies, allowing robots the potential to significantly transcend their on-board sensing accuracy but with limited cost of cloud communication. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Deep neural networks

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Construction and analysis of posterior matching in arbitrary dimensions via optimal transport

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2019年

作者： Mesa, Diego A. Ma, Rui Gorantla, Siva Coleman, Todd P. Departments of Biomedical Informatics Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vanderbilt University Dexcomm Inc Google Inc Department of Bioengineering University of California San Diego

The posterior matching scheme, for feedback encoding of a message point lying on the unit interval over memoryless channels, maximizes mutual information for an arbitrary number of channel uses. However, it in general does not always achieve any positive rate;so far, elaborate analyses have been required to show that it achieves any positive rate below capacity. More recent efforts have introduced a random "dither" shared by the encoder and decoder to the problem formulation, to simplify analyses and guarantee that the randomized scheme achieves any rate below capacity. Motivated by applications (e.g. human-computer interfaces) where (a) common randomness shared by the encoder and decoder may not be feasible and (b) the message point lies in a higher dimensional space, we focus here on the original formulation without common randomness, and use optimal transport theory to generalize the scheme for a message point in a higher dimensional space. By defining a stricter, almost sure, notion of message decoding, we use classical probabilistic techniques (e.g. change of measure and martingale convergence) to establish succinct necessary and sufficient conditions on when the message point can be recovered from infinite observations: Birkhoff ergodicity of a random process sequentially generated by the encoder. We also show a surprising "all or nothing" result: the same ergodicity condition is necessary and sufficient to achieve any rate below capacity. We provide applications of this message point framework in human-computer interfaces and multi-antenna communications. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Signal encoding

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Strain-driven disproportionation at a correlated oxide metal-insulator transition

引用

Physical Review B 2020年第12期101卷 121105(R)-121105(R)页

作者： T. H. Kim T. R. Paudel R. J. Green K. Song H.-S. Lee S.-Y. Choi J. Irwin B. Noesges L. J. Brillson M. S. Rzchowski G. A. Sawatzky E. Y. Tsymbal C. B. Eom Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Wisconsin–Madison Madison Wisconsin 53706 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy and Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience University of Nebraska Lincoln Nebraska 68588 USA Quantum Matter Institute Department of Physics and Astronomy University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada V6T 1Z4 Department of Physics and Engineering Physics University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada S7N 5E2 Materials Modeling and Characterization Department Korea Institute of Materials Science Changwon 51508 Republic of Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea Department of Physics University of Wisconsin–Madison Madison Wisconsin 53706 USA Departments of Physics and Electrical & Computer Engineering The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio 43210 USA

Metal-to-insulator phase transitions in complex oxide thin films are exciting phenomena which may be useful for device applications, but in many cases the physical mechanism responsible for the transition is not fully understood. Here we demonstrate that epitaxial strain generates local disproportionation of the NiO6 octahedra, driven through changes in the oxygen stoichiometry, and that this directly modifies the metal-to-insulator phase transition in epitaxial (001) NdNiO3 thin films. Theoretically, we predict that the Ni-O-Ni bond angle decreases, while octahedral tilt and local disproportionation of the NiO6 octahedra increases resulting in a small band gap in an otherwise metallic system. This is driven by an increase in oxygen vacancy concentration in the rare-earth nickelates with increasing in-plane biaxial tensile strain. Experimentally, we find an increase in pseudocubic unit-cell volume and resistivity with increasing biaxial tensile strain, corroborating our theoretical predictions. With electron-energy-loss spectroscopy and x-ray absorption, we find a reduction of the Ni valence with increasing tensile strain. These results indicate that epitaxial strain modifies the oxygen stoichiometry of rare-earth perovskite thin films and through this mechanism affects the metal-to-insulator phase transition in these compounds.

关键词： Metal-insulator transition Vacancies Oxides Strongly correlated systems Thin films Epitaxy

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Controlling error orientation to improve quantum algorithm success rates

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Physical Review A 2019年第3期99卷 032318-032318页

作者： Daniel C. Murphy Kenneth R. Brown School of Physics Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia 30332 USA Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering Chemistry and Physics Duke University Durham North Carolina 27708 USA Schools of Chemistry and Computational Science Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia 30332 USA

The success probability of a quantum algorithm constructed from noisy quantum gates cannot be accurately predicted from single-parameter metrics that compare noisy and ideal gates. We illustrate this concept by examining a system with coherent errors and comparing algorithm success rates for different choices of two-qubit gates that are constructed from composite pulse sequences, where the residual gate errors are related by a unitary transformation. As a result, all of the sequences have the same error relative to the ideal gate under any distance measure that is invariant under unitary transformations. However, the circuit success can vary dramatically by choosing error orientations that do not affect the final outcome and error orientations that cancel between conjugate controlled-nots, as demonstrated here with Clifford circuits, compiled Toffoli gates, and quantum simulation algorithms. The results point to the utility of both minimizing the error and optimizing the error direction and also to the advantages of using multiple control sequences for the same gate type within a single algorithm.

关键词： Quantum algorithms Quantum control Quantum gates

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