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Experimental measurement and numerical modeling of deformation behavior of breast cancer cells passing through constricted microfluidic channels

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第1期10卷 129-147页

作者： Pouyan Keshavarz Motamed Hesam Abouali Mahla Poudineh Nima Maftoon Department of Systems Design Engineering University of WaterlooWaterlooON N2L 3G1Canada Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology University of WaterlooWaterlooON N2L 3G1Canada Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of WaterlooWaterlooON N2L 3G1Canada

During the multistep process of metastasis,cancer cells encounter various mechanical forces which make them deform *** accurate in-silico models,capable of simulating the interactions between the mechanical forces and highly deformable cancer cells,can pave the way for the development of novel diagnostic and predictive methods for metastatic ***-network models of cancer cell,empowered by our recently proposed identification approach,promises a versatile numerical tool for developing experimentally validated models that can simulate complex interactions at cellular *** this numerical tool,we presented spring-network models of breast cancer cells that can accurately replicate the experimental data of deformation behavior of the cells flowing in a fluidic domain and passing narrow constrictions comparable to ***,using high-speed imaging,we experimentally studied the deformability of breast cancer cell lines with varying metastatic potential(MCF-7(less invasive),SKBR-3(medium-high invasive),and MDA-MB-231(highly invasive)in terms of their entry time to a constricted microfluidic *** observed that MDA-MB-231,that has the highest metastatic potential,is the most deformable cell among the ***,by focusing on this cell line,experimental measurements were expanded to two more constricted microchannel *** experimental deformability data in three constricted microchannel sizes for various cell sizes,enabled accurate identification of the unknown parameters of the spring-network model of the breast cancer cell line(MDA-MB-231).Our results show that the identifed parameters depend on the cell size,suggesting the need for a systematic procedure for identifying the size-dependent parameters of spring-network models of *** the numerical results show,the presented cell models can simulate the entry process of the cell into constricted channels with very good agreements with the measured experimen

关键词： strict passing numerical

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Greeting Gesture Analysis Using Boosting Algorithms and SHAP 13

Greeting Gesture Analysis Using Boosting Algorithms and SHAP

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Joint 13th International Conference on Soft Computing and Intelligent systems and 25th International Symposium on Advanced Intelligent systems, SCIS and ISIS 2024

作者： Wibowo, Angga Wahyu Sato-Shimokawara, Eri Kurnianingsih Graduate School of Systems Design Tokyo Metropolitan University Department of Computer Science Tokyo Japan Politeknik Negeri Semarang Department of Electrical Engineering Semarang Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350373332

Recently, studies related to human activity recognition have developed which have been applied in various fields. In that field Machine learning and deep learning techniques have been widely used for several classification and prediction tasks. However, the first problem is that there is rarely any research on human activities that reflect the culture of a region, such as greeting gestures. Second, there are few studies that do not provide models resulting from the classification or prediction process using machine learning, which can result in a lack of understanding of how a model from machine learning is generated. This study aims to predict Japanese greeting gestures (eshaku, keirei, saikeirei, waving hand) and Indonesian (placing both hands in front of the chest) using Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM), eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and Gradient Boosting. Then, represent the model of the learning machine using SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) to find out how the learning machine obtain a model. Our findings show the efficacy of this method and show that the model not only predicts greeting gestures with high accuracy but also offers a transparent understanding of the factors influencing its predictions, thus enhancing the interpretability and applicability of machine learning in recognizing culturally significant human activities. In the future, we plan to use machine learning and other Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) methods to study human activities with cultural concepts such as greeting gestures in different styles, create more greeting gesture-based human activity datasets, and examine the ethical implications or considerations of using machine learning in cultural contexts to respect cultural differences. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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Exploration of Thermoelectric Energy Harvesting for Secure, TLS-Based Industrial IoT Nodes 1

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7th International Conference on Internet of Things, ICIOT 2022 held as Part of the Services Conference Federation, SCF 2022

作者： Lauer, Frederik Schöffel, Maximilian Rheinländer, Carl C. Wehn, Norbert Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Microelectronic Systems Design Research Group Technische Universität Kaiserslautern Kaiserslautern67663 Germany

ISBN: (数字)9783031235825

ISBN: (纸本)9783031235818

Security is one of the biggest challenges, particularly in the Industrial IoT and in critical infrastructures. Complex cryptographic computations are in contrast to the low energy budget of the devices, especially when independence from the power grid is required, as it is the case with retrofitted sensor nodes. Energy harvesting offers a promising alternative but tightens the energy constraints of the application further. In this work, we investigate how IoT edge devices can be powered by thermal energy harvesting and concurrently meet the stringent TLS-based security requirements. We analyze a thermoelectric generator system at its lowest power output region and evaluate different energy storage technologies in a representative IoT architecture. Our results show that temperature gradients as low as 1 K are sufficient to enable secure connections every 20 min in a representative IIoT application. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Energy harvesting

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SubmergeStyleGAN: Synthetic Underwater Data Generation with Style Transfer for Domain Adaptation

SubmergeStyleGAN: Synthetic Underwater Data Generation with ...

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2023 International Conference on Digital Image Computing: Techniques and Applications, DICTA 2023

作者： Fathy, Mohamed E. Mohamed, Samer A. Awad, Mohammed I. Munim, Hossam E. Abd El Ain Shams University Mechatronics Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Egypt Ain Shams University Computer and Systems Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Egypt University of Bath Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Design United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9798350382204

Underwater computer vision applications are challenged by limited access to annotated underwater datasets. Additionally, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) trained on in-air datasets do not perform well underwater due to the high domain variance caused by the degradation impact of the water column. This paper proposes an air-to-water dataset generator to create visually plausible underwater scenes out of existing in-air datasets. SubmergeStyleGAN, a generative adversarial network (GAN) designed to model attenuation, backscattering, and absorption, utilizes depth maps to apply range-dependent attenuation style transfer. In this work, the generated attenuated images and their corresponding original pairs are used to train an underwater image enhancement CNN. Real underwater datasets were used to validate the proposed approach by assessing various image quality metrics, including UCIQE, UIQM and CCF, as well as disparity estimation accuracy before and after enhancement. SubmergeStyleGAN exhibits a faster and more robust training procedure compared to existing methods in the literature. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Image enhancement

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Toward Understanding Federated Learning over Unreliable Networks

IEEE Transactions on Machine Learning in Communications and ...

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IEEE Transactions on Machine Learning in Communications and Networking 2025年 3卷 80-97页

作者： Feng, Chenyuan Arafa, Ahmed Chen, Zihan Zhao, Mingxiong Quek, Tony Q. S. Yang, Howard H. EURECOM Department of Communication Biot06410 France University of North Carolina at Charlotte Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering CharlotteNC28223 United States Singapore University of Technology and Design Information Systems Technology and Design Pillar Tampines487372 Singapore Yunnan University Engineering Research Center of Cyberspace National Pilot School of Software Kunming650106 China Zhejiang University ZJU-UIUC Institute Haining314400 China Zhejiang University College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering Hangzhou310007 China University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering ChampaignIL61820 United States

This paper studies the efficiency of training a statistical model among an edge server and multiple clients via Federated Learning (FL) - a machine learning method that preserves data privacy in the training process - over wireless networks. Due to unreliable wireless channels and constrained communication resources, the server can only choose a handful of clients for parameter updates during each communication round. To address this issue, analytical expressions are derived to characterize the FL convergence rate, accounting for key features from both communication and algorithmic aspects, including transmission reliability, scheduling policies, and momentum method. First, the analysis reveals that either delicately designed user scheduling policies or expanding higher bandwidth to accommodate more clients in each communication round can expedite model training in networks with reliable connections. However, these methods become ineffective when the connection is erratic. Second, it has been verified that incorporating the momentum method into the model training algorithm accelerates the rate of convergence and provides greater resilience against transmission failures. Last, extensive empirical simulations are provided to verify these theoretical discoveries and enhancements in performance. © 2023 CCBY.

关键词： Federated learning

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Uncertainty-Aware DRL for Autonomous Vehicle Crowd Navigation in Shared Space

IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles

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IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles 2024年 1-15页

作者： Golchoubian, Mahsa Ghafurian, Moojan Dautenhahn, Kerstin Azad, Nasser Lashgarian Department of Systems Design Engineering University of Waterloo Canada Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Waterloo Canada

Safe, socially compliant, and efficient navigation of low-speed autonomous vehicles (AVs) in pedestrian-rich environments necessitates considering pedestrians' future positions and interactions with the vehicle and others. Despite the inevitable uncertainties associated with pedestrians' predicted trajectories due to their unobserved states (e.g., intent), existing deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithms for crowd navigation often neglect these uncertainties when using predicted trajectories to guide policy learning. This omission limits the usability of predictions when diverging from ground truth. This work introduces an integrated prediction and planning approach that incorporates the uncertainties of predicted pedestrian states in the training of a model-free DRL algorithm. A novel reward function encourages the AV to respect pedestrians' personal space, decrease speed during close approaches, and minimize the collision probability with their predicted paths. Unlike previous DRL methods, our model, designed for AV operation in crowded spaces, is trained in a novel simulation environment that reflects realistic pedestrian behaviour in a shared space with vehicles. Results show a 40% decrease in collision rate and a 15% increase in minimum distance to pedestrians compared to the state of the art model that does not account for prediction uncertainty. Additionally, the approach outperforms model predictive control methods that incorporate the same prediction uncertainties in terms of both performance and computational time, while producing trajectories closer to human drivers in similar scenarios. IEEE

关键词： Trajectories

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Koopman-based Deep Learning for Nonlinear System Estimation

Koopman-based Deep Learning for Nonlinear System Estimation

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IEEE Conference on Decision and Control

作者： Zexin Sun Mingyu Chen John Baillieul Division of Systems Engineering Boston University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Boston University Departments of Mechanical Engineering Electrical and Computer Engineering Division of Systems Engineering Boston University Boston MA

ISBN: (数字)9798350316339

ISBN: (纸本)9798350316346

Nonlinear differential equations are encountered as models of fluid flow, spiking neurons, and many other systems of interest in the real world. Common features of these systems are that their behaviors are difficult to describe exactly and invariably unmodeled dynamics present challenges in making precise predictions. In this paper, we present a novel data-driven linear estimator based on Koopman operator theory to extract meaningful finite-dimensional representations of complex non-linear systems. The Koopman model is used together with deep reinforcement networks that learn the optimal stepwise actions to predict future states of nonlinear systems. Our estimator is also adaptive to a diffeomorphic transformation of the estimated nonlinear system, which enables it to compute optimal state estimates without re-learning.

关键词： Neurons Estimation Stochastic processes Reinforcement learning Fluid flow Predictive models Feature extraction Mathematical models Nonlinear dynamical systems Oscillators

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Energy-Efficient Resource Optimization for Massive MIMO Networks Considering Network Load

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computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第4期71卷 871-888页

作者： Samira Mujkic Suad Kasapovic Mohammed Abuibaid Department of Telecommunications Faculty of Electrical EngineeringUniversity of TuzlaTuzla75000Bosnia Herzegovina 2Department of Systems and Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering and DesignCarleton UniversityOttawaK1S 5B6Canada

This paper investigates the resource optimization problem for a multi-cell massive multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)network in which each base station(BS)is equipped with a large number of antennas and each base station(BS)adapts the number of antennas to the daily load profile(DLP).This paper takes into consideration user location distribution(ULD)variation and evaluates its impact on the energy efficiency of load adaptive massive MIMO *** variation is modeled by dividing the cell into two coverage areas with different user densities:boundary focused(BF)and center focused(CF)*** cells are assumed identical in terms of BS configurations,cell loading,and ULD variation and each BS is modeled as an M/G/m/m state dependent queue that can serve a maximum number of users at the peak *** with energy efficiency(EE)we analyzed deployment and spectrum efficiency in our adaptive massive MIMO system by evaluating the impact of cell size,available bandwidth,output power level of the BS,and maximum output power of the power amplifier(PA)at different cell *** also analyzed average energy consumption on an hourly basis per BS for the model proposed for data traffic in Europe and also the model proposed for business,residential,street,and highway areas.

关键词： Massive MIMO traffic load energy efficiency user location distribution optimization

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Accelerated gradient methods for nonconvex optimization: Escape trajectories from strict saddle points and convergence to local minima

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Dixit, Rishabh Gürbüzbalaban, Mert Bajwa, Waheed U. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Departments of Electrical & Computer Engineering Management Science and Information Systems and Statistics United States Departments of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Statistics

This paper considers the problem of understanding the behavior of a general class of accelerated gradient methods on smooth nonconvex functions. Motivated by some recent works that have proposed effective algorithms, based on Polyak’s heavy ball method and the Nesterov accelerated gradient method, to achieve convergence to a local minimum of nonconvex functions, this work proposes a broad class of Nesterov-type accelerated methods and puts forth a rigorous study of these methods encompassing the escape from saddle-points and convergence to local minima through a both asymptotic and a nonasymptotic analysis. In the asymptotic regime, this paper answers an open question of whether Nesterov’s accelerated gradient method (NAG) with variable momentum parameter avoids strict saddle points almost surely. This work also develops two metrics of asymptotic rate of convergence and divergence, and evaluates these two metrics for several popular standard accelerated methods such as the NAG, and Nesterov’s accelerated gradient with constant momentum (NCM) near strict saddle points. In the local regime, this work provides an analysis that leads to the "linear" exit time estimates from strict saddle neighborhoods for trajectories of these accelerated methods as well the necessary conditions for the existence of such trajectories. Finally, this work studies a sub-class of accelerated methods that can converge in convex neighborhoods of nonconvex functions with a near optimal rate to a local minima and at the same time this sub-class offers superior saddle-escape behavior compared to that of NAG. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Gradient methods

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Composing Synergistic Macro Actions for Reinforcement Learning Agents

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IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning systems 2024年第5期35卷 7251-7258页

作者： Chen, Yu-Ming Chang, Kaun-Yu Liu, Chien Hsiao, Tsu-Ching Hong, Zhang-Wei Lee, Chun-Yi Hsinchu300 Taiwan Avery Design Systems Inc. Taipei100 Taiwan University of Rostock Faculty of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering Rostock18051 Germany National Tsing Hua University Department of Computer Science Hsinchu300 Taiwan Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States

Macro actions have been demonstrated to be beneficial for the learning processes of an agent and have encouraged a variety of techniques to be developed for constructing more effective ones. However, previous techniques usually do not further consider combining macro actions to form a synergistic macro action ensemble, in which synergism exhibits when the constituent macro actions are favorable to be jointly used by an agent during evaluation. Such a synergistic macro action ensemble may potentially allow an agent to perform even better than the individual macro actions within it. Motivated by the recent advances of neural architecture search (NAS), in this brief, we formulate the construction of a synergistic macro action ensemble as a Markov decision process (MDP) and evaluate the constructed macro action ensemble as a whole. Such a problem formulation enables synergism to be taken into account by the proposed evaluation procedure. Our experimental results demonstrate that the proposed framework is able to discover the synergistic macro action ensembles. Furthermore, we also highlight the benefits of these macro action ensembles through a set of analytical cases. © 2012 IEEE.

关键词： Reinforcement learning

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