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Smart Biomedical and Physiological Sensor Technology XVIII 2021

作者： Parker, Erin Freeman, Charles Persons, Karen Burch, Reuben Ball, John Saucier, David Middleton, Carver Peranich, Preston Chander, Harish Knight, Adam Smith, Brian Davarzani, Samaneh Prabhakar, Samuel Talegaonkar, Purva Turner, Alana Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Mississippi State University Mississippi StateMS39762 United States Department of Fashion Design and Merchandising Mississippi State University Mississippi StateMS39762 United States Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering Mississippi State University Mississippi StateMS39762 United States Mississippi State University StarkvilleMS39759 United States Department Kinesiology Mississippi State University Mississippi StateMS39762 United States Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering Mississippi State University Mississippi StateMS39762 United States

ISBN: (数字)9781510643529

ISBN: (纸本)9781510643512

Textile and electronic components are critical elements of most wearable technologies (wearables);both components deteriorate at different rates depending on factors of use, care, and user handling. The differences in mechanical performance characteristics (MPC) (i.e., abrasion, elongation, and bursting strength) of these components create a challenge for researchers and product designers to develop user-centric and economical wearables. For example, athletic wearables made of nylon/spandex knit blends exhibit drastically different MPC from minimal fiber content changes (1-10%). However, the wearable's end-use remains constant. This article presents ideas and methods for testing MPC and how to evaluate results for different end-use cases. designing for end-user activities also highlights these performance differences because specific, end-uses drive textiles design, which may or may not be the wearable design's end-use. Three American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) test methods were used to test MPC of athletic fabrics and soft robotic sensors (SRS) to determine the abrasion resistance, elongation, and bursting strength of these components and two-Tail ttest comparisons were performed on the results. The SRS's durability is less than the textiles they are integrated into, and with no standards for MPC testing on SRS, it can be unclear how long a sensor will last. Such methods need to be developed so product developers can find efficient combinations of fibers and electronic components to ensure user-centric functionality, wearer comfort, extended product longevity, and overall consumer satisfaction. © COPYRIGHT SPIE. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

关键词： Erosion

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A DC-Ka-Band 7-Bit Passive Attenuator with Capacitive-Compensation-Based Bandwidth Extension Technique in 55-nm CMOS

A DC-Ka-Band 7-Bit Passive Attenuator with Capacitive-Compen...

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作者： Zhang, Zijiang Li, Nayu Gao, Huiyan Li, Min Wang, Shaogang Kuan, Yen-Cheng Song, Chunyi Yu, Xiaopeng Gu, Qun Jane Xu, Zhiwei Ocean College Institute of Marine Electronics and Intelligent Systems Zhejiang University Zhoushan China College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering Institute of VLSI Design Zhejiang University Hangzhou China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California at Davis DavisCA United States Engineering Research Center of Oceanic Sensing Technology and Equipment Ministry of Education Zhoushan316021 China Key Laboratory of Ocean Observation-Imaging Testbed of Zhejiang Province Zhoushan316021 China International College of Semiconductor Technology National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu30010 Taiwan

This article presents a 7-bit wideband passive attenuator with low insertion loss (IL) and high attenuation accuracy in 55-nm CMOS technology. The $\pi $ -type and bridge-T-type attenuation units utilize an effective capacitive compensation technique, whose bandwidth extension mechanism is detailed in a single-unit pole-zero analysis. The matching-induced performance deterioration is investigated to minimize amplitude and phase errors at the chip level. The fabricated attenuator demonstrates a 32.4-dB attenuation range with a 0.255-dB resolution and a 3.5-8.4-dB IL from dc to 32 GHz. The measured root-mean-square (rms) amplitude and phase errors are below 0.32 dB and 5.33°, respectively. The attenuator occupies a 0.054-mm2 core area and consumes negligible power. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Insertion losses

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A Feedback Control Framework for Incentivised Suburban Parking Utilisation and Urban Core Traffic Relief

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Satti, Abdul Baseer Saunderson, James Griggs, Wynita Ali, S.M. Nawazish Al Khafaf, Nameer Ahmadi, Saman Jalili, Mahdi Mareček, Jakub Shorten, Robert Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering Australia Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Monash University Clayton Australia School of Engineering RMIT University Melbourne Australia Artificial Intelligence Center Czech Technical University in Prague Prague Czech Republic Dyson School of Design Engineering Imperial College London South Kensington London United Kingdom

Urban traffic congestion, exacerbated by inefficient parking management and cruising for parking, significantly hampers mobility and sustainability in smart cities. Drivers often face delays searching for parking spaces, influenced by factors such as accessibility, cost, distance, and available services such as charging facilities in the case of electric vehicles. These inefficiencies contribute to increased urban congestion, fuel consumption, and environmental impact. Addressing these challenges, this paper proposes a feedback control incentivisation-based system that aims to better distribute vehicles between city and suburban parking facilities offering park-and-charge/ride services. Individual driver behaviours are captured via discrete choice models incorporating factors of importance to parking location choice among drivers, such as distance to work, public transport connectivity, charging infrastructure availability, and amount of incentive offered;and are regulated through principles of ergodic control theory. The proposed framework is applied to an electric vehicle park-and-charge/-ride problem, and demonstrates how predictable long-term behaviour of the system can be guaranteed. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Feedback control

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Revisiting Analog Over-the-Air Machine Learning: The Blessing and Curse of Interference

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Yang, Howard H. Chen, Zihan Quek, Tony Q.S. Poor, H. Vincent Zhejiang University University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Institute Zhejiang University Haining314400 China College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou310007 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign ChampaignIL61820 United States Information Systems Technology and Design Pillar Singapore University of Technology and Design Singapore Singapore Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States

We study a distributed machine learning problem carried out by an edge server and multiple agents in a wireless network. The objective is to minimize a global function that is a sum of the agents’ local loss functions. And the optimization is conducted by analog over-the-air model training. Specifically, each agent modulates its local gradient onto a set of waveforms and transmits to the edge server simultaneously. From the received analog signal the edge server extracts a noisy aggregated gradient which is distorted by the channel fading and interference, and uses it to update the global model and feedbacks to all the agents for another round of local computing. Since the electromagnetic interference generally exhibits a heavy-tailed intrinsic, we use the α-stable distribution to model its statistic. In consequence, the global gradient has an infinite variance that hinders the use of conventional techniques for convergence analysis that rely on second-order moments’ existence. To circumvent this challenge, we take a new route to establish the analysis of convergence rate, as well as generalization error, of the algorithm. We also show that the training algorithm can be run in tandem with the momentum scheme to accelerate the convergence. Our analyses reveal a two-sided effect of the interference on the overall training procedure. On the negative side, heavy tail noise slows down the convergence rate of the model training: the heavier the tail in the distribution of interference, the slower the algorithm converges. On the positive side, heavy tail noise has the potential to increase the generalization power of the trained model: the heavier the tail, the better the model generalizes. This perhaps counterintuitive conclusion implies that the prevailing thinking on interference – that it is only detrimental to the edge learning system – is outdated and we shall seek new techniques that exploit, rather than simply mitigate, the interference for better machine learning

关键词： Wireless networks

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Hybrid Reinforcement Learning-based Sustainable Multi-User Computation Offloading for Mobile Edge-Quantum Computing

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Xu, Minrui Niyato, Dusit Kang, Jiawen Xiong, Zehui Chen, Mingzhe Kim, Dong In Shen, Xuemin College of Computing and Data Science Nanyang Technological University Singapore School of Automation Guangdong University of Technology China Pillar of Information Systems Technology and Design Singapore University of Technology and Design Singapore487372 Singapore Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Institute for Data Science and Computing University of Miami Coral GablesFL33146 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Suwon16419 Korea Republic of Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Waterloo WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada

Exploiting quantum computing at the mobile edge holds immense potential for facilitating large-scale network design, processing multimodal data, optimizing resource management, and enhancing network security. In this paper, we propose a pioneering paradigm of mobile edge quantum computing (MEQC) that integrates quantum computing capabilities into classical edge computing servers that are proximate to mobile devices. To conceptualize the MEQC, we first design an MEQC system, where mobile devices can offload classical and quantum computation tasks to edge servers equipped with classical and quantum computers. We then formulate the hybrid classical-quantum computation offloading problem whose goal is to minimize system cost in terms of latency and energy consumption. To solve the offloading problem efficiently, we propose a hybrid discrete-continuous multi-agent reinforcement learning algorithm to learn long-term sustainable offloading and partitioning strategies. Finally, numerical results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can reduce the MEQC system cost by up to 30% compared to existing baselines. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Qubits

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DECOMPOSITION OF INDUSTRIAL systems FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY OPTIMIZATION WITH OPTTOPO

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Thiele, Gregor Johanni, Theresa Sommer, David Krüger, Jörg Department for Process Automation and Robotics Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology IPK Germany Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Technical University of Berlin Berlin Germany Weierstrass Institute for Applied Analysis and Stochastics Berlin Germany Institute for Machine Tools and Factory Management Technical University of Berlin Berlin Germany

The operation of industrial facilities is a broad field for optimization. Industrial plants are often a) composed of several components, b) linked using network technology, c) physically interconnected and d) complex regarding the effect of set-points and operating points in every entity. This leads to the possibility of overall optimization but also to a high complexity of the emerging optimization problems. The decomposition of complex systems allows the modeling of individual models which can be structured according to the physical topology. A method for energy performance indicators (EnPI) helps to formulate an optimization problem. The optimization algorithm OptTopo achieves efficient set-points by traversing a graph representation of the overall system. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Optimization

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Spatiotemporal analysis for age of information in random access networks under last-come first-serve with replacement protocol

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Yang, Howard H. Arafa, Ahmed Quek, Tony Q.S. Poor, H. Vincent Zhejiang University/University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Institute Zhejiang University Haining314400 China The College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou310007 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign ChampaignIL61820 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of North Carolina at Charlotte NC28223 United States Information Systems Technology and Design Pillar Singapore University of Technology and Design Singapore487372 Singapore Department of Electrical Engineering Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States

We investigate the age-of-information (AoI) in the context of random access networks, in which transmitters need to send a sequence of information packets to the intended receivers over a shared spectrum. Due to interference, the dynamics at the link pairs will interact with each other over both space and time, and the effects of these spatiotemporal interactions on the AoI are not well understood. In this paper, we straddle queueing theory and stochastic geometry to establish an analytical framework, that accounts for the interplay between the temporal traffic attributes and spatial network topology, for such a study. Specifically, we derive accurate and tractable expressions to quantify the network average AoI as well as the outage probability of peak AoI. Besides, we develop a decentralized channel access policy that exploits the local observation at each node to make transmission decisions that minimize the AoI. Our analysis reveals that when the packet transmissions are scheduled in a last-come first-serve (LCFS) order, whereas the newly incoming packets can replace the undelivered ones, depending on the deployment density, there may or may not exist a tradeoff on the packet arrival rate that minimizes the network average AoI. Moreover, the slotted ALOHA protocol is shown to be instrumental in reducing the AoI when the packet arrival rates are high, yet it cannot contribute to decreasing the AoI in the regime of infrequent packet arrivals. The numerical results also confirm the efficacy of the proposed scheme, where the gain is particularly pronounced when the network grows in size because our method is able to adapt the channel access probabilities with the change of ambient environment. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Geometry

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Seen and unseen emotional style transfer for voice conversion with a new emotional speech dataset

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Zhou, Kun Sisman, Berrak Liu, Rui Li, Haizhou Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore Information Systems Technology and Design Singapore University of Technology and Design Singapore

Emotional voice conversion aims to transform emotional prosody in speech while preserving the linguistic content and speaker identity. Prior studies show that it is possible to disentangle emotional prosody using an encoder-decoder network conditioned on discrete representation, such as one-hot emotion labels. Such networks learn to remember a fixed set of emotional styles. In this paper, we propose a novel framework based on variational auto-encoding Wasserstein generative adversarial network (VAW-GAN), which makes use of a pre-trained speech emotion recognition (SER) model to transfer emotional style during training and at run-time inference. In this way, the network is able to transfer both seen and unseen emotional style to a new utterance. We show that the proposed framework achieves remarkable performance by consistently outperforming the baseline framework. This paper also marks the release of an emotional speech dataset (ESD) for voice conversion, which has multiple speakers and languages. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Generative adversarial networks

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Conceptual design considerations for a wireless intraocular pressure sensor system for effective glaucoma management

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Journal of Medical engineering and Technology 2019年第8期43卷 457-467页

作者： Fink, Wolfgang Brown, Shaun Nuncio Zuniga, Andres Yang, Eui-Hyeok George, Thomas Visual and Autonomous Exploration Systems Research Laboratory Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Biomedical Engineering University of Arizona TucsonAZ United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Stevens Institute of Technology HobokenNJ United States SaraniaSat Inc TujungaCA United States

As a leading form of preventable visual impairment, it is imperative to assess glaucoma treatment as a function of intraocular pressure (IOP). IOP can spike throughout the day. This necessitates a device that can (1) monitor IOP outside of clinical visits by providing a memory when IOP exceeds a set threshold indicating the possibility for glaucomatous damage to occur;and (2) accurately assess IOP. Both requirements point ultimately towards the development of an implantable device. The Wireless Intraocular Pressure Sensor System (WIPSS) devised by our team uses optical technologies and may assist an overseeing clinician with assessing glaucoma treatment efficacy and avoiding irreversible glaucomatous visual field loss downstream. © 2019, © 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

关键词： Conceptual design

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Wireless Acoustic Sensor Networks and Edge Computing for Rapid Acoustic Monitoring

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2019年第1期6卷 64-74页

作者： Zhengguo Sheng Saskia Pfersich Alice Eldridge Jianshan Zhou Daxin Tian Victor C.M.Leung the Department of Engineering and Design University of Sussex Infineon Technologies AG the Department of Music University of Sussex Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data and Brain Computing (BDBC) Beijing Key Laboratory for Cooperative Vehicle Infrastructure Systems & Safety ControlSchool of Transportation Science and EngineeringBeihang University the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of British Columbia

Passive acoustic monitoring is emerging as a promising solution to the urgent, global need for new biodiversity assessment methods. The ecological relevance of the soundscape is increasingly recognised, and the affordability of robust hardware for remote audio recording is stimulating international interest in the potential for acoustic methods for biodiversity *** scale of the data involved requires automated methods,however, the development of acoustic sensor networks capable of sampling the soundscape across time and space and relaying the data to an accessible storage location remains a significant technical challenge, with power management at its core. Recording and transmitting large quantities of audio data is power intensive,hampering long-term deployment in remote, off-grid locations of key ecological interest. Rather than transmitting heavy audio data, in this paper, we propose a low-cost and energy efficient wireless acoustic sensor network integrated with edge computing structure for remote acoustic monitoring and in situ *** and computation of acoustic indices are carried out directly on edge devices built from low noise primo condenser microphones and Teensy microcontrollers, using internal FFT hardware support. Resultant indices are transmitted over a ZigBee-based wireless mesh network to a destination *** tests of audio quality, indices computation and power consumption demonstrate acoustic equivalence and significant power savings over current solutions.

关键词： Acoustic sensor networks edge computing energy efficiency

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