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arXiv 2025年

作者： Lim, Yong Zhi Rahman, Hazmei Bin Abdul Sikdar, Biplab Information Systems Technology and Design Singapore University of Technology and Design Singapore Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore

The Wi-Fi technology (IEEE 802.11) was introduced in 1997. With the increasing use and deployment of such networks, their security has also attracted considerable attention. Current Wi-Fi networks use WPA2 (Wi-Fi Protected Access 2) for security (authentication and encryption) between access points and clients. According to the IEEE 802.11i-2004 standard, wireless networks secured with WPA2-PSK (Pre-Shared Key) are required to be protected with a passphrase between 8 to 63 ASCII characters. However, a poorly chosen passphrase significantly reduces the effectiveness of both WPA2 and WPA3-Personal Transition Mode. The objective of this paper is to empirically evaluate password choices in the wild and evaluate weakness in current common practices. We collected a total of 3,352 password hashes from Wi-Fi access points and determine the passphrases that were protecting them. We then analyze these passwords to investigate the impact of user’s behavior and preference for convenience on passphrase strength in secured private Wi-Fi networks in Singapore. We characterized the predictability of passphrases that use the minimum required length of 8 numeric or alphanumeric characters, and/or symbols stipulated in wireless security standards, and the usage of default passwords, and found that 16 percent of the passwords show such behavior. Our results also indicate the prevalence of the use of default passwords by hardware manufacturers. We correlate our results with our findings and recommend methods that will improve the overall security and future of our Wi-Fi networks. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Wireless local area networks (WLAN)

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Thermal management challenges and approaches for liquid hydrogen-fueled aircraft

Thermal management challenges and approaches for liquid hydr...

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AIAA Aviation Forum and ASCEND, 2024

作者： Ordonez, Juan C. Sailabada, Chaianan Guo, Wei Cooley, Lance Cheetham, Peter Kim, Chul Zheng, Jim P. Gladin, Jonathan Cattafesta, Louis FAMU-FSU College of Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering Center for Advanced Power Systems and Energy and Sustainability Center Florida State University TallahasseeFL32310 United States Electrical and Computer Engineering FAMU-FSU College of Engineering and Center for Advanced Power Systems Florida State University TallahasseeFL32310 United States Center for Advanced Power Systems FAMU-FSU College of Engineering and Center for Advanced Power Systems Florida State University TallahasseeFL32310 United States Department of Electrical Engineering The State University of New York at Buffalo BuffaloNY14260 United States School of Aerospace Engineering Aerospace Systems Design Laboratory Georgia Institute of Technology AtlantaGA30332 United States Department of Mechanical Materials and Aerospace Engineering Illinois Institute of Technology ChicagoIL60616 United States

ISBN: (数字)9781624107160

ISBN: (纸本)9781624107160

This paper presents an overview of thermal management challenges associated with aircraft that rely on liquid hydrogen as the sole fuel source. The paper discusses strategies that can enhance the overall cooling capacity and enable a larger contribution of fuel cells to the overall power. design considerations for heat exchangers to integrate cryogenic hydrogen with secondary thermal management loops, outer mold line cooling, and additional thermal management strategies are presented. Cooling requirement estimates for a blended-wing aircraft (112 passengers, 2400 nautical miles) are reported. A finite element simulation using RANS suggests a cooling capacity rate of the order of 10 kW/m2 is available through the Outer Mold Line (OML). The paper also reports on the cooling capacity available by using hydrogen as a heat sink to cool the power train. For the IZEA concept, the hydrogen stream to the fuel cell can handle close to 6% of the fuel cell heat generation. © 2024, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Inc, AIAA. All rights reserved.

关键词： Hydrogen fuels

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A General Framework for Human-Drone Interaction under Limited On-board Sensing

A General Framework for Human-Drone Interaction under Limite...

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IEEE Symposium on systems and Information engineering design, SIEDS

作者： S. Nayhouse S. Chadha P. Hourican C. Moore N. Bezzo Departments of Systems and Information Engineering and Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Virginia Charlottesville VA USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Virginia Charlottesville VA USA

Recent advancements in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), has allowed their deployment for numerous applications like aerial photography, infrastructure inspection, search and rescue, and surveillance. Despite the potential for full autonomy, many applications still necessitate human operators for navigating complex environments and decision-making. Existing solutions often employ high-precision and simple sensors like 2-D or 3-D LiDAR, which may provide more data than necessary and contribute to increased system complexity and cost. To address these challenges and bridge the gap between full autonomy and human-controlled UAVs, this work develops a shared-autonomy framework for UAVs, leveraging lightweight, low-cost 1-D LiDAR sensors combined with mobility behaviors to obtain performance comparable to more advanced 2-D/3-D LiDAR sensors while minimizing energy, computation overhead, and weight. Our framework includes a novel state machine method that exploits the UAV mobility to compensate for the limitations of 1-D LiDAR sensors, ensuring safety and obstacle avoidance through a physics-based algorithm that transitions between teleoperation and autonomous mode as needed based on environmental conditions and safety-critical issues. Experimental validations on real UAVs demonstrates the effectiveness of this shared autonomy scheme in complex environments, and the system is further generalized to larger UAVs and prototyped with a custom sensor configuration and onboard obstacle avoidance.

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Epistemic Planning for Heterogeneous Robotic systems

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Bramblett, Lauren Bezzo, Nicola The Departments of Systems and Information Engineering and Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Virginia CharlottesvilleVA22904 United States

In applications such as search and rescue or disaster relief, heterogeneous multi-robot systems (MRS) can provide significant advantages for complex objectives that require a suite of capabilities. However, within these application spaces, communication is often unreliable, causing inefficiencies or outright failures to arise in most MRS algorithms. Many researchers tackle this problem by requiring all robots to either maintain communication using proximity constraints or assuming that all robots will execute a predetermined plan over long periods of disconnection. The latter method allows for higher levels of efficiency in a MRS, but failures and environmental uncertainties can have cascading effects across the system, especially when a mission objective is complex or time-sensitive. To solve this, we propose an epistemic planning framework that allows robots to reason about the system state, leverage heterogeneous system makeups, and optimize information dissemination to disconnected neighbors. Dynamic epistemic logic formalizes the propagation of belief states, and epistemic task allocation and gossip is accomplished via a mixed integer program using the belief states for utility predictions and planning. The proposed framework is validated using simulations and experiments with heterogeneous vehicles. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Information dissemination

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ACDV: Adaptive Content Delivery for Vehicular Digital Twin Networks

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IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 2025年第5期74卷 7084-7098页

作者： Zheng, Jinkai Luan, Tom H. Li, Guanjie Yin, Zhisheng Wu, Yuan Dong, Mianxiong Dongguan University of Technology School of Electrical Engineering and Intelligentization Dongguan523808 China Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Cyber Science and Engineering Xi'an710049 China Xidian University School of Cyber Engineering Xi'an710071 China Singapore University of Technology and Design Information Systems Technology and Design Pillar 487372 Singapore Xidian University State Key Laboratory of Isn Xi'an710071 China University of Macau State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City 999078 China University of Macau Department of Computer Information Science 999078 China Muroran Institute of Technology Department of Sciences and Informatics Muroran05-08585 Japan

Digital Twins (DTs), serving personalized cloud-based digital assistants, hold great promise for supporting infotainment applications of the Internet of Vehicles (IoVs), in which personalized content such as high-definition maps, system updates, and social video streaming can be delivered from individualized DTs to vehicular users (VUEs) to enhance the intelligence of IoV services and improve their driving experience. This paper proposes a novel content caching framework tailored to DT-enabled IoVs, where DTs selectively cache on-demand contents on edge devices (i.e., cellular base stations and roadside units) managed by the edge service manager (ESM) along the VUE's trip to avoid backbone congestion yet save download time. However, ESMs are inherently selfish and reluctant to contribute resources to cache contents without benefits. Furthermore, considering the diverse trajectories of vehicles, it is inefficient to cache data along a single path. To address these challenges, we propose ACDV, which first models the interactions between the ESMs and DTs as a Stackelberg game to incentivize ESMs to actively participate in the content caching process. We then deploy a Markov model to predict the VUE distribution, which enables DTs to cache contents with a focus on predicted trajectories. To save storage costs, we derive an upper bound of content sizes that the VUE can download within a limited network connection time. Considering the lack of network information and users' private utility model in practical scenarios, we further develop a learning-based algorithm to find the optimal pricing scheme and content size strategies of ESMs and DTs. Through extensive simulations, we show that our proposal can effectively find the optimal strategy and achieve a fast convergence speed and high-level performance compared to the baselines. © 1967-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Markov processes

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Hybrid Blockchain and IoT Driven Framework for Supply Chain Optimization by Enhancing Transparency, Efficiency and Cost Reduction 3

Hybrid Blockchain and IoT Driven Framework for Supply Chain ...

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3rd International Conference on Electronics and Renewable systems, ICEARS 2025

作者： Pradeep Kumar, S. Basha, C.H. Hussaian Prasath, C. Arun Amirthayogam, G. Lathif, Syed Ismail Abdul Leelavathi, R. Rajalakshmi Engineering College Computer Science Design Department Thandalam Chennai602105 India Sr University Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Warangal506371 India Mahendra Engineering College Department of Ece Namakkal637503 India Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&d Institute of Science and Technology School of Computing Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chennai600062 India Srm Institute of Science and Technology Department of Data Science and Business Systems Chennai603203 India Velalar College of Engineering and Technology Department of Biomedical Engineering Erode638012 India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331509675

Blockchain technology represents a modern supply chain management revolution which fixes operational challenges while providing enhanced transparency at reduced costs. The research develops HB-SCOF (Hybrid Blockchain-Enabled Supply Chain Optimization Framework) which combines blockchain self-verification databases with automatic smart contracts to maintain continuous supply chain observation and evaluate data credibility. The framework integrates tamper-proof transaction tracking mechanisms with unified supply chain network connectivity for securing data transmission as a trust delivery method through unbreakable shared databases. The retail-industry case study demonstrated a 25% decrease in expenses stemming from agency elimination alongside enhanced flow management and better stock distribution. The system demonstrates its effectiveness through assessments of key performance indicators including transaction speed and data accuracy together with business cost efficiency. This part looks at implementation methods through training stakeholders in addition to transforming organizational policies which produce successful outcomes. Blockchain technology labs verify its capability to enhance supply chain management efficiency while showing realistic deployment methods. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Smart contract

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Competitive Multi-armed Bandit Games for Resource Sharing

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Li, Hongbo Duan, Lingjie Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The Ohio State University ColumbusOH43210 United States Pillar of Engineering Systems and Design Singapore University of Technology and Design Singapore487372 Singapore

In modern resource-sharing systems, multiple agents access limited resources with unknown stochastic conditions to perform tasks. When multiple agents access the same resource (arm) simultaneously, they compete for successful usage, leading to contention and reduced rewards. This motivates our theoretical study of competitive multi-armed bandit (CMAB) games. In this paper, we study a new N-player K-arm competitive MAB game, where non-myopic players (agents) compete with each other to form diverse private estimations of unknown arms over time. Their possible collisions on the same arms and the time-varying nature of arm rewards make the policy analysis here more involved than the existing studies for myopic players. We explicitly analyze the threshold-based structures of the social optimum and the existing selfish policy, showing that the latter causes prolonged convergence times (Formula presented), while the socially optimal policy with coordinated communication reduces it to (Formula presented). Based on the policy comparison, we prove that the competition among selfish players for the best arm can result in an infinite price of anarchy (PoA), indicating an arbitrarily large efficiency loss compared to the social optimum. We further prove that no informational (non-monetary) mechanism (including Bayesian persuasion) can reduce the infinite PoA, as strategic misreporting by non-myopic players undermines such approaches. To address this, we propose a Combined Informational and Side-Payment (CISP) mechanism, which provides socially optimal arm recommendations with proper informational and monetary incentives to players according to their diverse and time-varying private beliefs. Our CISP mechanism keeps ex-post budget balanced for the social planner and ensures truthful reporting from players, thereby achieving the minimum PoA = 1 and the same convergence time as the social optimum. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Budget control

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Mitigating Striations on Infrared LEDs through Application of DAC Corrections 5

Mitigating Striations on Infrared LEDs through Application o...

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5th IEEE Research and Applications of Photonics in Defense Conference, RAPID 2022

作者： Greenlee, Matthew Joyce, Michael Kiamilev, Fouad Campbell, Casey Deputy, Alexis University of Delaware Electrical & Computer Engineering NewarkDE United States Chip Design Systems Inc. NewarkDE United States

When displaying images on our infrared LED scene projector, horizontal striations are a regularly seen yet unwanted phenomenon. This paper discusses the steps taken to mitigate such striations. © 2022 IEEE.

ISBN: (数字)9781665402231

ISBN: (纸本)9781665402231

关键词： Light emitting diodes Photonics

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Fabrication of the Next Generation of Drive Electronics for Infrared Scene Projectors 5

Fabrication of the Next Generation of Drive Electronics for ...

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5th IEEE Research and Applications of Photonics in Defense Conference, RAPID 2022

作者： Singh, Jaclyn Kiamilev, Fouad Lassiter, Tianne Deputy, Alexis Joyce, Mike Chip Design Systems NewarkDE19716 United States University of Delaware Electrical and Computer Engineering NewarkDE19716 United States

Advancements in the development of Infrared Scene Projectors require updated electronics to control such devices. This paper highlights the design and fabrication of the next generation of drive electronics, which wil... 详细信息

ISBN: (数字)9781665402231

ISBN: (纸本)9781665402231

关键词： Light emitting diodes

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Development and Testing of Amplifier Circuits for Infrared Scene Projectors 5

Development and Testing of Amplifier Circuits for Infrared S...

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5th IEEE Research and Applications of Photonics in Defense Conference, RAPID 2022

作者： Joyce, Michael Singh, Jacklyn Lassiter, Tianne Greenlee, Matthew Chacko, Alex University of Delaware Electrical and Computer Engineering NewarkDE United States Chip Design Systems Inc. NewarkDE United States

Infrared Scene Projectors require analog signals to be amplified from the output of Digital to Analog Converters to then power IRLEDs to display images on the Scene Projector. This paper highlights the testing of the ... 详细信息

ISBN: (数字)9781665402231

ISBN: (纸本)9781665402231

关键词： Digital to analog conversion

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