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LeXNet++: Layer-wise eXplainable ResUNet++ framework for segmentation of colorectal polyp cancer images

Neural Computing and Applications 2025年第1期37卷 213-229页

作者： Das, Surajit Khan, Soumya Suvra Sengupta, Diganta Debashis, De Dept. of Information Technology Meghnad Saha Institute of Technology Behind Urbana Complex Near Ruby General Hospital Anandapur Rd Uchhepota Kolkata700150 India Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering Meghnad Saha Institute of Technology Behind Urbana Complex Near Ruby General Hospital Anandapur Rd Uchhepota Kolkata700150 India Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering Heritage Institute of Technology Chowbaga Road West Bengal Anandapur Kolkata700107 India Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology West Bengal NH-12 Simhat Haringhata West Bengal Nadia741249 India

Colorectal polyps are benign lesions that develop in the colon and can progress to cancer if left untreated. Clinical observations from medical images are often preferred over computational results due to the lack of trust in the machine learning models, thereby posing serious challenge for the explainability of the results. In order to computationally diagnose colorectal polyps from cancerous images and explain the results, we propose a Layer-wise eXplainable ResUNet++ (LeXNet++) framework for segmentation of the cancerous images, followed by layer-wise explanation of the results. We utilize a publicly accessible dataset that contains of 612 raw images with a resolution of 256×256×3 and an additional 612 clinically annotated and labeled images with a resolution of 256×256×1, which includes the infected region. The LeXNet++ framework comprises of three components—encoder, decoder and the bridge. The encoder and the decoder components each comprise of four layers. Each of the four layers in the encoder and the decoder comprises of 14 and 11 internal sub-layers, respectively. Among the sub-layers of the encoder and the decoder, there are three 3×3 convolutional layers with an additional 3×3 convolution-transpose layer in the decoder. The output of each of the sub-layers has been explained through heatmap generation after each iteration which have been further explained. The encoder and the decoder are connected by the bridge which comprises of three sub-layers. The results obtained from these three sub-layers have also been explained to inculcate trust in the findings. In this study, we have used three models to segment the images, namely UNet, ResUNet, and proposed LeXNet++. LeXNet++ exhibited the best result among the three models in terms of performance;hence, only LeXNet++ was explained layer-wise. Apart from explanation of the results fetched in this study, the performance of the proposed explainable model has been observed to be 2% greater than the existing poly

关键词： Image segmentation

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Evaluating Ensemble Models on Imbalanced Data Sets: A Comparative Study across Varied Minority Class Ratios 4

Evaluating Ensemble Models on Imbalanced Data Sets: A Compar...

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4th International Conference on Emerging Systems and Intelligent Computing, ESIC 2024

作者： Das, Surajit Nayak, Samaleswari P. Sahoo, Biswajit Nayak, Sarat Chandra Kiit Deemed to Be University School of Computer Engineering Bhubaneswar India Silicon Institute of Technology Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Bhubaneswar India Gitam Deemed to Be University School of Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering Hyderabad India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350349856

The complexities of using ensemble models to rectify class imbalance in healthcare datasets are investigated in this study. Using well-known methods such as Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, AdaBoost, CatBoost, LightGBM, XGBoost, BRF and EE we perform an extensive analysis on data-sets that exhibit different levels of class imbalance. The study uses stratified k-fold cross-validation for robust evaluation and the Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE) for data augmentation. ROC curves are shown, and performance indicators like as accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and area under the curve (AUC) are examined. The results shed light on the complex effects of ensemble models on unbalanced healthcare data-sets and offer directions for further investigation. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Adaptive boosting

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A Survey on Blockchain-Based Certificate Authentication System: From Traditional to Digital 4

A Survey on Blockchain-Based Certificate Authentication Syst...

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4th International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing and Intelligent Information Systems, ICUIS 2024

作者： Saraswathi, R Vijaya Vasavi Swathi, Meda Venkata Punwatkar, Sakshi Manoj Konduru, Shreya Sami, Mohammed Abdul Vnr Vignana Jyothi Institute of Engineering and Technology Dept. Of Computer Science and Engineering Hyderabad India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331529635

This research study pertains to the essential problems of certificate authentication within academic organizations. It concentrates on the major issues of forgery and inefficiencies as well as administrative bottlenecks that arise in conventional systems. The usual ways, which are based on one authority organization, are likely to be compromised, move slowly on verification, and have increased overhead costs. Blockchain technology is a distributed way of doing things without a middleman, and thus it is able to improve security, transparency, and the immutability of educational records. The article identifies the shortcomings of the present blockchain-based implementations with the focus on scalability, interoperability with legacy infrastructure, and high transaction costs. In the paper, an experiment on Ethereum-based smart contracts as well as the Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA-256) and InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) technologies shows the potential of these technologies to a certificate validation system by providing cryptographic integrity and, therefore, data storage that cannot be altered. The proposed work introduces a decentralized architecture that uses smart contracts for certificate issuing and verification to some extent. By integrating cryptographic hashing mechanisms, the system provides real-time, verifiable, and immutable credential records, addressing both fraud prevention and operational inefficiencies. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Ethereum

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A review on 3D image reconstruction on specific and generic objects

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Materials Today: Proceedings 2023年 80卷 2400-2405页

作者： Shalma, H. Selvaraj, P. Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur Chennai India Dept. of Information Technology SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur Chennai India

With the emergence of various techniques involved in deep learning the researchers of computer vision tends to focus on the strategies such as object recognition and segmentation of image. This has inclined to accomplish the deep learning techniques in 3D reconstruction of both specific and generic objects. As the space for reconstruction of 3D images either in single or multi view has envisioned the researchers to concentrate on the available technologies used for reconstruction. With the available built in methods and technologies in deep learning, the performance of the proposed methods were reviewed and analyzed using several parameters. As the remaking of 2D images is still in the beginning stage, it is important to study the 3D shape representations, various network architecture, methodologies and approaches behind 3D reconstruction. In this work a review of deep learning methods for single or multiple RGB images of specific and generic object 3D reconstruction was done. Several methods and their importance were also discussed along with the challenges encountered and with further research directions. This paper critically analyzes the various 3D Shaped Representations, 3D Data Network Architectures, depth Estimation methods, Multi View Representations and the Data Representation Techniques. © 2021

关键词： Object recognition

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Automated Exam Script Checking using Zero-Shot LLM and Adaptive Generative AI

Automated Exam Script Checking using Zero-Shot LLM and Adapt...

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2024 IEEE International Conference on Computing, Applications and Systems, COMPAS 2024

作者： Himi, Shinthi Tasnim Tanzila Monalisa, Natasha Sultana, Shirin Afrin, Anika Hasib, Khan Md Bangladesh University of Business and Technology Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Dhaka Bangladesh Jahangirnagar University Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Dhaka Bangladesh Brac University Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Dhaka Bangladesh

ISBN: (纸本)9798331529765

The manual grading of exam scripts is a labor-intensive process, often plagued by subjectivity and inconsistency. This study presents an innovative approach to automating the evaluation of exam scripts using the Large Language Model (LLM) integrated with Zero-Shot Learning (ZSL) and Generative AI. Our system leverages the capabilities of GPT-4 to generate and evaluate answers, applying similarity measures to ensure accuracy and fairness in grading. The model's adaptability through ZSL allows it to assess new questions without additional training. The system also incorporates iterative refinement techniques to enhance the quality of standard answers over time. Performance evaluations demonstrate a low error rate, with an average relative error of 1.29% for annotated questions and 1.67% for non-annotated questions compared to human graders. The performance underscores the automated system's transformative potential in revolutionizing educational assessments, offering a consistent, fair, and highly efficient alternative to traditional grading methods. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Zero-shot learning

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The Stability and Computational Complexity Analysis of Tree-seed Algorithm for Frequency-Constrained 10-bar Truss Problem 5

The Stability and Computational Complexity Analysis of Tree-...

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5th IEEE International Conference on Communications, Information, Electronic and Energy Systems, CIEES 2024

作者： Cinar, Ahmet Cevahir Nur Erman, Kadriye Selçuk University Faculty of Technology Dept. of Computer Engineering Konya Turkey Kirikkale University Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Dept. of Computer Engineering Kirikkale Turkey

ISBN: (纸本)9798350352863

Optimization studies in truss problems produce different results according to different optimization conditions, which leads to significant changes in the results obtained. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the Tree-Seed Algorithm (TSA) in solving the frequency-constrained 10-bar truss optimization problem, a well-known benchmark in structural engineering characterized by its complex, non-linear, and multi-modal design space. The TSA, inspired by natural processes of tree growth and seed dispersion, is evaluated in the truss problem for its stability, computational efficiency, and ability to find optimal solutions. Through rigorous testing involving 51 independent runs, the TSA consistently achieves optimal solutions with a mean objective function value of 554.4549 and a standard deviation of 1.4049. The algorithm demonstrates rapid convergence, typically within 100 iterations. The design parameters of the frequency-constrained 10-bar truss optimization problem were found by TSA within stability. These findings highlight the TSA's effectiveness and reliability, establishing it as a robust tool for tackling complex engineering optimization problems and suggesting its potential for broader applications in structural optimization. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Trusses

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A Hybrid Approach Using Cryptography and K-Least Significant Bit Steganography Algorithm in Cloud Computing 1

A Hybrid Approach Using Cryptography and K-Least Significant...

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1st International Conference on Advances in computer Science, Electrical, Electronics, and Communication Technologies, CE2CT 2025

作者： Goyal, Anshika Gupta, Bhumika VMSB Uttarakhand Technical University Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering Dehradun India G.B. Pant Institute of Engineering & Technology Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering Pauri India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331518578

The exponential growth of communication technologies has broadened the cloud computing ecosystem horizon to meet main communication needs. However, in-parallel upsurge in online attacks has alarmed industries to ensure optimal data security. The combination of steganography and cryptosystems has been recognized as an enhanced security model for data transfer among the main security systems now in use. In this paper, a hybrid approach using cryptography and K- Least Significant Bit Steganography algorithm in Cloud Computing (HYBC-KLSBS-CC) are proposed. Initially, input text data is retrieved from cloud storage and compressed using Huffman Compression Coding (HCC) to reduce data size. The compressed data is then encrypted with a Hybrid Cryptography Algorithm (Hyb-MRFC-ALC), combining Modified Random Fibonacci Cryptography and Asymmetric Lightweight Cryptography to ensure robust encryption. Finally, encrypted data is embedded within an image using the K-Least Significant Bit (KLSB) steganography technique, providing additional layer of security. The proposed method enhances data confidentiality, integrity, and storage efficiency in cloud environments. The proposed HYBC-KLSBS-CC approach attains 26.89%, 29.49% and 18.64% lower PSNR and 26.89%, 29.49% and 18.64% lower MSE when analyzed through existing techniques like data security dependent on cryptography steganography related with OTP procedure and Huffman coding in the cloud environment (CS-OTP-CE), a novel hybrid cryptographic framework for secure data storage in cloud computing: Integrating AES-OTP and RSA with adaptive key management and Time-Limited access control (AES-OTP-RSA-CC) and Crypto-Stegno dependent model for securing medical information on IOMT platform (CS-SMI-IOMT). © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Cloud platforms

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AI-Driven Power Gating for Enhanced Energy Efficiency in Superscalar Processors 31

AI-Driven Power Gating for Enhanced Energy Efficiency in Sup...

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31st IEEE International Conference on High Performance Computing, Data, and Analytics Workshops, HiPCW 2024

作者： Kalra, Naman Tudu, Jaynarayan T. Dept. of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Tirupati India Dept. of Computer Science Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Tirupati India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331509118

Amid the rising demand for efficient processors, the challenge has always been to reduce power consumption without compromising performance. FinFET technology has significantly reduced leakage power issues, but dynamic power consumption at lower nodes has reemerged as a concern. Methodologies such as power/clock gating, DVFS, and voltage biasing have been proposed in the past. However, next-generation complex SoC designs at © 2024 IEEE

关键词： System-on-chip

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Recommendation System for Research Grants 7

Recommendation System for Research Grants

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2023 7th International Conference On Computing, Communication, Control And Automation, ICCUBEA 2023

作者： Lokhande, Sharayu Tholia, Rakesh Upadhyay, Mukul Choudhary, Sachin Rathore, Kuldeep Pawar, Shilpa Army Institute of Technology Pune Dept. of Computer Engineering Pune India Army Institute of Technology Dept. of Computer Engineering Pune India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350304268

This research paper proposes the design and implementation of a recommendation system for researchers to simplify the process of finding research grants. Despite the positive impact that researchers and scientists have on the world through their discoveries and innovations, securing funding for their projects remains a challenging and time-consuming task. This paper objects to address the issue by introducing a recommendation system that leverages the architecture of the system, detailed design, project planning, and requirements to suggest grants that researchers may find interesting based on their platform activities. The proposed system will be beneficial for researchers, students, and scientists seeking grants, as it will provide an efficient and user- friendly way of finding grants that fit their interests and project requirements. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： decision trees GBDT

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An IoT Solution for Enhanced Tray Management Systems in Food Service and Industrial Settings

An IoT Solution for Enhanced Tray Management Systems in Food...

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2024 IEEE International Conference on Signal Processing and Advance Research in Computing, SPARC 2024

作者： Chaudhary, Vipin Kumar Singh, Suchita Singh, Nagendra Pratap Afreen, Sana Yadav, Manmohan Singh Gupta, Durgesh Kumar Lovely Professional University Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Punjab Phagwara India Buddha Institute of Technology Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Uttar Pradesh Gorakhpur India Dr. B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Punjab Janlandhar India Telangana Hyderabad India Sharda University Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Uttar Pradesh Greater Noida India Institute of Engineering and Technology Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Uttar Pradesh Sitapur India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350385199

This study introduces TraySmart, a cutting-edge Internet of Things (IoT) tool meant to completely transform the effectiveness and administration of tray systems in industrial, food court, and cafeteria environments. TraySmart employs cutting-edge technologies like weight sensing, RFID tag reading, temperature monitoring, NFC for user interaction, and Wi-Fi Bluetooth for data transmission to tackle the widespread issues associated with tray management, such as inefficient operations, concerns about food safety, and less-than-ideal user experiences. The weight-sensing feature of the device makes it possible to identify objects on the tray and monitor the contents of the tray in real time. Reading RFID tags makes identifying and tracking items easier, improving inventory control and lowering loss. Food safety and quality assurance depend on food items maintaining their ideal temperatures, which is ensured via temperature monitoring. Furthermore, NFC technology enhances the eating experience by enabling users to engage with the smartphone for payments or feedback. The communication options on the device guarantee smooth data transfer to a central system, facilitating thorough data analysis and system optimization. This essay covers the creativity, design, and development of the TraySmart prototype, the difficulties faced, and the strategies used in the process. The report assesses TraySmart's effect on operational efficiency, food safety standards, and customer happiness by carefully examining the outcomes of pilot testing. With its scalable solution to improve tray management systems, TraySmart marks a significant leap in the application of IoT technology in the food service and industrial sectors. The results highlight how IoT gadgets like TraySmart have the power to revolutionize operational procedures and service delivery, establishing a new benchmark for innovation in the industry. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Customer satisfaction

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