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Interpretable Pulmonary Disease Diagnosis with Graph Neural Network and Counterfactual Explanations 2

Interpretable Pulmonary Disease Diagnosis with Graph Neural ...

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2nd International Conference on Sensing, Measurement, Communication and Internet of Things Technologies, SMC-IoT 2023

作者： Li, Jiahong Chen, Yiyuan Wang, Yichi Ye, Yiqiang Sun, Min Ren, Hao Cheng, Weibin Zhang, Haodi College of Computer and Software Engineering Guangzhou China Cornell University Dept. Computer Science New York United States Shenzhen University College of Computer and Software Engineering Shenzhen China China Mobile Information Technology Co. Limited Shenzhen China Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital Institute for Healthcare Artificial Intelligence Guangzhou China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350373257

With recent fast development of artificial intelligence and related techniques, computer-aided diagnosis is increasingly emerging. During the process of automated diagnosis, the importance of explainable decision making has grown significantly. Traditional black-box models have often hindered the practical implementation of automated diagnosis algorithms. To address these challenges, we propose a novel framework that seamlessly integrates prototype learning with Graph Neural Networks (GNN) while also providing post-hoc explanations. On one hand, our model achieves intrinsic interpretability by reasoning based on the similarity calculations with prototypes for each disease. On the other hand, it employs counterfactual reasoning on graphs to pinpoint the most significant features for post-hoc explanations, supporting the diagnosis process. Building on these strengths, we integrate vision-language models to effectively harness multimodal patient information, thereby capturing a more detailed understanding of their medical condition. Our experiments on real Chinese EMRs of Pulmonary diseases demonstrate that our method not only delivers precise diagnoses but also accurately identifies medical findings substantiating the diagnoses. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Pulmonary diseases

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Transformer Models for Enhanced Natural Language Processing in Medical Records Management 4

Transformer Models for Enhanced Natural Language Processing ...

引用

4th International Conference on Technological Advancements in Computational Sciences, ICTACS 2024

作者： Vasani, Vaibhav Prakash Pawar, Swapnil Chandrakant Sowmya, P. Ahamad, Shahanawaj Sahu, Aradhana Talele, Gokul Somaiya Vidyavihar University Dept. of Computer Engineering Maharashtra Mumbai India Nmamit Dept. of Cse Nitte India College of Cse University of Hail Dept. of Software Engineering Hail City Saudi Arabia Rungta College of Engineering and Technology Dept. of Cse Chhattisgarh Bhilai India Accenture Pune India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350387490

The use of transformer models to enhance NLP in MR administration is investigated. Renowned for their ability to understand contextual links along with efficiently handle large datasets, transformer designs provide clear improvements in the processing along with analysis of medical language. Work improves the extraction, classification, along with summarising of data from complex medical records by use of models like BERT, GPT, along with variants. The study looks at how well these models may simplify data retrieval, increase the accuracy and relevance of CR, along with support decision making in medical environments. The results imply that the use of transformer-based NLP techniques might greatly boost the medical record administration, thereby improving patient care, accelerating procedures, along with optimising data usage. Transformer models such as BERT are used in the research approach aiming at enhancing NLP in medical record handling. Literature, preprocessing EHRs, fine-tuning and assessment along with pilot testing all plays a part. Maintaining ethical issues, a user interface is given for interaction. This method improves medical data handling effectiveness. BERT has showed promise in handling medical records in terms of enhancing identification and categorisation of medical entities found in data. Various medical entities including diseases, medications, procedures, and symptoms have been specifically tailored into the strong language paradigm. Confusion matrix performance measures reveal how well model controls medical records. Future studies could investigate combining BERT with other advanced NLP methods, extending dataset to include a wider range of medical records, using TLT in case of particular medical domains, including real time data processing and feedback systems, and investigating ethical issues along with data privacy concerns in health care. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Records management

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Custom Hidden Markov Models for Effective Part-of-Speech Tagging 18

Custom Hidden Markov Models for Effective Part-of-Speech Tag...

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18th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies, ICET 2023

作者： Khalid, Hassan Bin Siddique, Abu Bakar Ali, Raja Hashim Gik Institute of Engg. Sciences & Technology Faculty of Computer Science & Engineering Topi Pakistan University of Europe for Applied Sciences Dept. of Technology & Software Engineering Berlin Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798350328172

Hidden Markov Models have proved to be a very significant tool for various time-series related problems, especially where context is important. One such problem is Part-of-speech tagging. The work uses a customized HMM to propose an effective and advanced solution to POS tagging. With a precision rate of 0.9657, recall of 0.9656, and F1-score of 0.9655, this proposed HMM-based model achieves an exceptional level of accuracy, exhibiting its accurate identification of the POS of words in a sentence. The statistical model employed by the HMM-based method predicts the most likely POS tags while taking into account the probabilities of transition between various POS tags. The model's dependability and resilience were demonstrated when it was tested on a different dataset after being trained on a extensive collection of text data. The study's findings demonstrate that the HMM-based strategy outperforms current POS tagging techniques, making it a significant contribution to the field of natural language processing. In addition, this research has significant implications for a number of NLP applications, including sentiment analysis, machine translation, and text categorization, paving the way for additional innovation and exploration in this domain. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Hidden Markov models

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Diving into Brain Complexity: Exploring Functional and Effective Connectivity Networks 18

Diving into Brain Complexity: Exploring Functional and Effec...

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18th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies, ICET 2023

作者： Siddique, Abu Bakar Khalid, Hassan Bin Ali, Raja Hashim University of Europe for Applied Sciences Dept. of Technology & Software Engineering Berlin Germany Gik Institute of Engg. Sciences & Technology Faculty of Computer Science & Engineering Topi Pakistan

ISBN: (纸本)9798350328172

The human brain's intricate functions are under-pinned by a vast network of synapses that enable chemical impulses between neurons. Neuroscientists employ two key approaches, functional and effective connectivity, to understand the brain's complexity, focusing on its operations, cognition, and behavior. While both methods utilize graph theory for network analysis, functional connectivity, which investigates associated brain activity, has seen more substantial research efforts than effective connectivity, which examines information processing's inter-regional impacts. In this research paper, we aim to present an extensive examination of the emerging discipline that combines graph theory with the analysis of brain characteristics, shedding light on how these characteristics arise from the interactions among different groups of neurons. Our primary focus lies in exploring the diverse cognitive and neurological applications that leverage functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) as a tool. Additionally, we offer a comprehensive overview of the methods employed to construct brain networks based on functional and efficient connections. Throughout the discussion, we emphasize the advantages and limitations associated with these approaches. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Graph theory

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Revolutionizing Campus Exploration with GikiLenS: A Deep Learning-Powered Object Detection App 18

Revolutionizing Campus Exploration with GikiLenS: A Deep Lea...

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18th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies, ICET 2023

作者： Mueed, Iqra Arshad, Usama Ali, Raja Hashim Gik Institute of Engg. Sciences & Technology Faculty of Computer Science & Engineering Topi Pakistan University of Europe for Applied Sciences Dept. of Technology & Software Engineering Berlin Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798350328172

For newcomers and tourists, navigating university campuses can be difficult, resulting in aggravation and lost time. We respond by introducing 'GikiLenS', an object identification application driven by deep learning that revolutionizes campus exploration by accurately identifying buildings and landmarks while enhancing user experience. GikiLenS is a comprehensive and user-friendly smartphone application that precisely caters to the demands of newcomers and visitors, unlike previous studies in campus navigation. Our study intends to close this gap and develop a reliable method for identifying campus buildings, optimizing navigation, and enhancing user experience. Through rigorous testing, GikiLenS has proven to have remarkable real-time building detection accuracy, highlighting its potential as an important tool for campus exploration. The app's outcomes and conclusions demonstrate how well it works to give users specific building information, promoting a more knowledgeable and enjoyable campus experience. The importance of our findings lies in the development of a unique, user-centered app that offers a cutting-edge method of campus mobility. Our contribution consists of a game-changing method for building detection that improves campus exploration and user pleasure. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Object detection

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Accounting for systemic risk in analysis of crisis scenarios 21

Accounting for systemic risk in analysis of crisis scenarios

引用

21st International ISCRAM Conference, ISCRAM 2024

作者： Gonzalez, Jose J. Abbas, Reem Paulsen, Sigurd University of Agder Kristiansand Norway Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Auckland University of Technology Auckland New Zealand Dept. of Organization Crisis Management and Information Security Kristiansand Norway

Systemic risk is ubiquitous in our increasingly globalised world owing to the interconnections within and across sectors. However, a review of National Risk Assessments performed in OECD member countries reveals that systemic risk is rarely mentioned, and it is never accounted for in those assessments. A powerful method accounts for systemic risk and identifies mitigating strategies using participatory modelling with stakeholders: strategy mapping with Strategyfinder. The risk model is represented as a directed graph consisting of risk nodes and directed edges (arrows) expressing causal influences. The method originated in the management of large, complex projects, and it has been applied to systemic risks in critical infrastructures and pandemics. We demonstrate the Strategyfinder method using a scenario describing a cyberattack on electronic communication infrastructure leading to serious consequences for health and lives. The scenario is borrowed from the report Analysis of Risk Scenarios by the Norwegian Directorate for Civil Protection. © 2024 Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM. All rights reserved.

关键词： Cascading effects Disaster risk reduction National Risk Assessments Risk scenarios Vicious cycles

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Handcrafted and Deep features based Classification of Scoliosis 2

Handcrafted and Deep features based Classification of Scolio...

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2nd International Conference on Digital Futures and Transformative Technologies, ICoDT2 2022

作者： Fatima, Joddat Mohsan, Mashood M. Qaisar, Muhammad Umair Hamza, Muhammad Tahir, Muhammad Zeshan Zaman, Ghazzal Bahria University Dept. of Computer Science Islamabad Pakistan National University of Sciences & Technology Dept. of Computer & Software Engineering Rawalpindi Pakistan

ISBN: (纸本)9781665498197

The Spinal cord acts as the central transmission line connecting the Brain with all other body organs. Vertebrae are 33 uneven bones stacked over one another that holds the whole skeleton structure. Scoliosis is the three-dimensional spinal deformity which commonly occurs during the growing age and erupts before puberty. It is further classified in two Shapes C and S. Our research work has two stages, in first stage we segment out the vertebral column using Mask-RCNN. The segmented column is used for features extraction and in stage two feature based classification is done for normal, C and S shape of scoliosis using AASCE2019 dataset. A comparative study on multiple image classification networks is also conducted and based on results EfficientNet-B4 is selected for formulation of hybrid feature set. The accuracy achieved using Random forest classifier, for handcrafted and deep features was up to 94.32% and 89.66%. Hybrid feature set formulated with combination of deep and handcrafted features attained accuracy up to 94.45%. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Decision trees

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An In-depth Study on Handwritten Signature Authentication Using Unique Writer Traits 1

An In-Depth Study on Handwritten Signature Authentication Us...

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1st IEEE International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communication and Networking, ICAC2N 2024

作者： Vamsikrishna, M. Murari, Haritha Manikandan, M. Mishra, Nilamadhab Raghavendra Gupta, T. Patel, Rohit Aditya University Dept. of Computer Applications Kakinada India Spark Infotech Inc Sr Software Engineer PhoenixAZ United States VeL Tech. R Dr.S Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Tamilnadu India VIT Bhopal University Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Sehore India HITM Telenagana Hyderabad India Calorx Teachers' University Dept of CSE Gujrat India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350356816

Handwriting verification, a subset of signature verification, involves using handwritten text to verify or authorize someone's identification. Although simple handwriting can serve as a signature, it is often modified to suit the signer's preferences. The uniqueness of each person's handwritten signature makes it essential for accurate distinction from others. This study presents a handwritten signature verification system using a writer-dependent approach. While signature verification is widely used for identity verification and security, it is susceptible to forgeries. The writer-dependent approach considers the unique characteristics of an individual's signature, training the system to recognize them and making forgery replication more challenging. An extensive review of the literature on signature verification systems, focusing on the writer-dependent approach, was conducted. A system was then developed and implemented based on this approach, utilizing a dataset of signatures from 12 writers. Results indicate that the writer-dependent approach outperforms other methods in terms of accuracy and robustness. The system demonstrated high precision and recall rates, underscoring its effectiveness in detecting both genuine and forged signatures. This study highlights the writer-dependent approach's efficacy in enhancing the accuracy and security of signature verification systems, with implications for developing more reliable and efficient identity verification systems in today's digital age. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Authentication

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Enhancing Choroidal Nevus Position Identification through CNN-Based Segmentation of Eye Fundus Images 46

Enhancing Choroidal Nevus Position Identification through CN...

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46th Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBC 2024

作者： Eshragh, Mohammadmahdi A.mohammed, Emad Far, Behrouz Crump, Trafford Weis, Ezekiel University of Calgary Dept of Electrical & Software Engineering Calgary Canada Wilfrid Laurier University Dept of Physics and Computer Science Waterloo Canada University of Calgary Dept of Surgery Calgary Canada University of Alberta Dept of Ophthalmology & Visual Science Edmonton Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9798350371499

Diagnosing choroidal nevus in color fundus images is challenging for clinicians not regularly practicing it. Machine learning (ML) has proven effective in detecting and analyzing such abnormalities with high accuracy and efficiencyThis research is part of a larger project to develop a decision support system for choroidal nevus diagnosis, focusing on creating a segmentation algorithm to identify key areas in color fundus images. The study evaluates and compares the efficacy of various convolutional neural network (CNN) segmentation models, a crucial step for improved image analysis accuracyFundus images from the Alberta Ocular Brachytherapy Program, including healthy and choroidal nevus-affected eyes, were used. An ocular oncologist provided a ground truth mask dataset for training the models. Preprocessing improved image features, and multiple CNN models segmented the images to detect lesions. Model performance was compared to find the most accurate and efficient approach, with external validation using a separate test set and ophthalmology expertsFour CNN models - U-net, Residual U-net, Attention U-net, and a voting-based Ensemble - were developed for segmentation. Their effectiveness was measured by accuracy metrics, achieving Dice Coefficient scores of 85.02%, 85.66%, 86.89%, and 87.7% respectively. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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Stratifying large software files to improve prediction performance in software defect prediction 9

Stratifying large software files to improve prediction perfo...

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9th ACIS International Virtual Conference on Applied Computing and Information Technology, ACIT 2022

作者： Alshehri, Yasser Ali Alnazzawi, Noha Hijazi, Haneen Alharbi, Rawan Computer Science and Engineering Dept Yanbu Industrial College Saudi Arabia Dept of Software Engrg Hashemite University Jordan

ISBN: (纸本)9781450397605

Size is one of the significant factors associated with bugs, and it has been used to predict software faults. We believe that stratifying software files based on size can play an essential role in improving prediction performance. This study explored the effect of size by stratifying our sample based on each unit's size and distributing software units in multiple stratified groups based on an equal distribution approach. We stratified the Eclipse Europa project files, and we reported the performance of each stratified group and compared them. We used two popular classifiers, decision tree J48, and random forest, to implement this experiment. These classifiers presented similar results on the same group of files. The results indicated that predicting faults with large files is better than predicting those in small files. In addition, the results showed higher median values of all performance measures and less variation in each measure. © 2022 ACM.

关键词： Decision trees

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