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2011 30th IEEE International Integrated Reliability Workshop Final Report, IRW 2011

作者： Southwick III, Richard G. Purnell, Shem T. Rapp, Blake A. Thompson, Ryan J. Pugmire, Shane K. Kaczer, Ben Grasser, Tibor Knowlton, William B. Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Boise State University 1910 University Dr. Boise ID 83725 United States Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering Boise State University 1910 University Dr. Boise ID 83725 United States IMEC Kapeldreef 75 L3001 Leuven Belgium Christian Doppler Laboratory for TCAD in Microelectronics Institute for Microelectronics Technische Universität Wien 1040 Wien Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9781457701153

We present experimental evidence that trapping mechanisms contributing to the negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) of high-k dielectric p-channel metal oxide semiconductor (pMOS) transistors are thermally activated. Device behavior during stress and recovery from 300 K down to 6 K indicate the dominance of the hole trapping mechanism commonly attributed to NBTI is reduced as temperature decreases. Further, trends in the temperature dependence of drain current shifts suggest more than one mechanism is responsible for NBTI. Specifically, below 240 K, current degradation immediately following stress is no longer observed. In fact, the opposite effect occurs, which is suggestive of electron trapping as the dominant mechanism at such temperatures. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： Negative bias temperature instability

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Growth and Characterization of InAs x P 1−x /InP Strained Multiple Quantum Wells by Gas Source Molecular Beam Expitaxy

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MRS Online Proceedings Library 2011年第1期450卷 153-158页

作者： H. C. Kuo S. Thomas A. P. Curtis G. E. Stillman C. H. Lin H. Chen Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Microelectronics Laboratory. University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign Urbana USA Dept. of Material Science and Engineering Materials Research Laboratory University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana USA

InAsxPi.x/InP (10 period 50/100Å with x=0.25-0.79) pseudomorphically strained multiple quantum wells (SMQWs) were grown by gas source molecular beam expitaxy (GSMBE) at 470°C and characterized by cross-sectional transmission electron microscope (XTEM), double crystal x-ray diffraction (DCXRD), and optical spectroscopy. The structural analysis demonstrates that excellent control of the sharp interface and limited As-P interdiffusion can be achieved by GSMBE growth. XTEM images of these SMQWs display no misfit dislocations, and DCXRD scans reveal high order superlattice satellite peaks. Photoluminescence (PL) and transmission measurements were performed for all SMQWs to evaluate crystal quality. Only slight degradation in luminescence was observed as the As composition increased. Based on the three-band Kane model which includes the lattice strain, the transition energies of SMQWs were calculated using the conduction-band offset (Qc=δEc/δEg) as an adjustable parameter. The best fit of measured and calculated interband transition energies suggests that Qc is independent of As composition and is 0.70±0.05. Finally, a growth kinetics model based on the Langmuir equation was derived to realize the As/P incorporation ratio in the InAsP materials. Theoretical results show good agreement with experimental data.

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Low-Dielectric Constant SiO(F,C) Films For Ulsi Interconnections Prepared by CF 4 Plasma Ion Implantation

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MRS Online Proceedings Library 2011年第1期511卷 63-68页

作者： Yuanzhong Zhou Shu Qin Chung Chan Paul K. Chu Plasma Science and Microelectronics Lab Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Northeastern University Boston USA Dept. of Physics and Materials Science City University of Hong Kong Kowloon Hong Kong

Plasma ion implantation (PH) doping technique has been utilized to prepare a new lowdielectric constant (low k) material SiO(F,C). Fluorine and carbon were implanted into SiO2 films by CF4 PH using an ICP plasma reactor. The effective dielectric constant of the films was significantly reduced after PH doping. An analysis of a double layer model indicated that a high quality dielectric layer with a dielectric constant down to 2.8 can be achieved by an optimized PII process. Contrasting to other conventional low-k material techniques, PHI process also improved bulk resistivity and electrical field breakdown strength. The improvement possibly resulted from adding carbon into the films. The etching effect of CF4 PII could be beneficial to planarization and gap filling of dielectric interlayer.

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Grounding high efficiency cloud computing architecture: HW-SW co-design and implementation of a stand-alone web server on FPGA

Grounding high efficiency cloud computing architecture: HW-S...

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International Conference on the Applications of Digital Information and Web Technologies (ICADIWT)

作者： Jibo Yu Yongxin Zhu Liang Xia Meikang Qiu Yuzhuo Fu Guoguang Rong School of Microelectronics Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Kentucky Lexington KY USA

With the advent of the cloud computing, web servers, as the major channel in cloud computing, need to be redesigned to meet performance and power constraints. Considerable efforts have been invested in distributed web servers and web caching with different optimizing strategies, but few existing studies have been directly focused on improving the web server itself, not to mention complete hardware-favored web services. In this paper, we propose a novel architecture of web server and implement it on FPGA. After taking challenge with significant difficulties in design and implementation, we manage to complete an evaluation system which confirms that hardware-favored architecture brings higher throughput, lower power consumption as well as stand-alone web service functionalities due to direct pipelining execution of web service protocols in hardware without operating system.

关键词： Timing IP networks Random access memory Field programmable gate arrays Information filters Registers Software

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The Study of OFDM ICI Cancellation Schemes in 2.4 GHz Frequency Band Using Software Defined Radio

The Study of OFDM ICI Cancellation Schemes in 2.4 GHz Freque...

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International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing (WiCom)

作者： Miftahur Rahman Sajjadul Latif Tasnia Ahad Shabbir Ahmed Preyom Kanti Dey M. F. Rabbi Ur Rashid Barnaly Rashid Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science North South University Dhaka Bangladesh Centre for Telecommunications and Microelectronics Victoria University Melbourne Australia

In Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), frequency offset is a common problem that causes inter-carrier-interference (ICI) that degrades the quality of the transmitted signal. Many theoretical studies of the different ICI-cancellation schemes have been reported earlier by many authors. The need for experimental verification of the theoretically predicted results in 2.4 GHz frequency band is important. One of most widely used systems is Wi-Fi (IEE 802.11b) that makes use of this frequency band for short range wireless communication with throughput as high as 11 Mbps. In this work, several new ICI cancellation schemes have been tested in 2.4 GHz frequency using open source Software Defined Radio (SDR) namely GNU Radio. The GNU Radio system used in the experiment had two Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP N210) modules connected to a computer. Both the USRP units had one-daughterboard (XCVR2450) each for transmission and reception of radio signals. The input data to the USRP was prepared in compliance with IEEE-802.11b specification. The experimental results were compared with the theoretical results of the new Inter-Carrier Interference (ICI) cancellation schemes. The comparison of the results revealed that the new schemes are suitable for high performance transmission. The results of this paper open up new opportunities of using OFDM in heavily congested 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands (WiFi5: IEEE 802.a) for error free data transmission. The schemes also can be used in other frequencies where channels are heavily congested.

关键词： OFDM Hardware Time domain analysis MATLAB Binary phase shift keying Noise

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Simulation of Realistic Core-shell Silicon Nanowires

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MRS Online Proceedings Library 2011年第1期910卷 4-9页

作者： Rana Biswas Bicai Pan Depts. of Physics and Astronomy Electrical and Computer Engineering Microelectronics Research Center and Ames Lab Iowa State University Ames USA Dept. of Physics University of Science and Technology of China People’s Republic of China

We have developed an efficient scheme for simulating silicon nanowires with crystalline cores and amorphous sheaths, using molecular dynamics. By starting with a crystalline nanowire and performing high temperature anneal an amorphous outer sheath can be grown with controlled thickness on the nanowire. Simulations for [001] nanowires with diameters of 12 nm find low energy facets between the amorphous and crystalline layers. Simulations for [110] nanowires find weak faceting and an inhomogeneous amorphouscrystalline boundary.

关键词： nanostructure simulation amorphous

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Car plate character extraction and recognition using stroke analysis

Car plate character extraction and recognition using stroke ...

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International Conference on Signal Image Technology and Internet Based Systems

作者： Setumin, S. Sheikh, U.U. Abu-Bakar, S.A.R. Dept. of Microelectronics and Computer Engineering Faculty of Electrical Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9780769543192

In this paper we address the issue of recognizing nonstandard Malaysian car license plates. These plates contain nonstandard characters such as italic, cursive and connected letters, which most plate recognition systems are unable to recognize. We propose a technique using stroke extraction and analysis to recognize these nonstandard characters. The proposed technique first extracts the contour of the character and then the stroke direction which are used for classification. The advantage of this method is that the system requires no training. From the experiments performed, the method has a correct recognition accuracy of 95% and even works with standard car plates. © 2010 IEEE.

关键词： Extraction

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Categorization of human movement based on rule-based classifier

Categorization of human movement based on rule-based classif...

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Asia Modelling Symposium 2010: 4th International Conference on Mathematical Modelling and computer Simulation, AMS2010

作者： Hosseini, Behnam Mashak, Saeed Vahabi Abu-Bakar, S.A.R. Research Group Dept. Microelectronics and Computer Engineering University Teknologi Malaysia 81310 UTM Skudai Johor Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9780769540627

Human activity recognition is an active research field in computer vision and image processing. This paper has been concentrated on the recognition between different cyclic motion activities such as running and walking. The proposed system consists of three major steps. Initially by using a single camera, in a variety of angles, the movement of the object is detected, and object silhouette is generated in each frame. Then, our proposed method for generating a skeleton of silhouette is presented. The skeleton is used to determine human activities such as running and walking. In the last stage, a rule-based classifier is used to classify the action. © 2010 IEEE.

关键词： Object detection

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Background subtraction for object detection under varying environments

Background subtraction for object detection under varying en...

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2010 International Conference of Soft Computing and Pattern Recognition, SoCPaR 2010

作者： Mashak, Saeed Vahabi Hosseini, Behnam Mokji, Musa Abu-Bakar, S.A.R. Research Group Dept. Microelectronics and Computer Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 UTM Skudai Johor Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9781424478958

Background subtraction is widely used for extracting unusual motion of object of interest in video images. In this paper, we propose a fast and flexible approach of object detection based on an adaptive background subtraction technique that also effectively eliminates shadows based on color constancy principle in RGB color space. This approach can be used for both outdoor and indoor environments. Our proposed method of background subtraction makes use of multiple thresholding technique for detecting object of interests for any given scene. Once the moving object has been detected from the complex background, then the shadows are detected and eliminated by considering some environmental parameters. © 2010 IEEE.

关键词： Object detection

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Automatic segmentation of abdominal aortic aneurysm using logical algorithm

Automatic segmentation of abdominal aortic aneurysm using lo...

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UKSim 4th European Modelling Symposium on computer Modelling and Simulation, EMS2010

作者： Hosseini, Behnam Mashak, Saeed Vahabi Majd, Emadaldin Mozafari UUSheikh Abu-Bakar, S.A.R. Research Group Dept. Microelectronics and Computer Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 UTM Skudai Johor Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9780769543086

Abdominal aortic aneurysm is a cardiovascular disease which occurs due to an abnormal weakening of the aorta wall. This failure in aortic wall causes the inner layer to be ruptured because of excessive blood pressure. Consequently, the blood flows into the space between lumen and epithelial, hence a thrombus is generated. On the other hand, excessive growth in the aorta diameter can lead to death as a result of a rupture in the epithelial. In this paper, we present a technique for automatic segmentation of abdominal aortic aneurysm. The proposed method integrates the exclusive information extracted from histogram and morphological properties of aortic lumen to segment the aorta. Then the proposed algorithm utilizes a search technique with priori information about the lumen to segment epithelial area automatically. © 2010 IEEE.

关键词： Blood pressure

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