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Euromicro Symposium on Digital System Design

作者： Himar Fabelo Raquel Leon Emanuele Torti Santiago Marco Max Verbers Yann Falevoz Yolanda Ramallo-Fariña Christian Weis Ana M Wägner Eduardo Juarez Claudio Rial Alfonso Lagares Gustav Burström Francesco Leporati Elisa Marenzi Teresa Cervero Miquel Moreto Giovanni Danese Sveta Zinger Francesca Manni Maria Luisa Alvarez-Male Jesus Morera Bernardino Clavo Gustavo M. Callico Stratum Consortium Fundacion Can aria Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Canarias (FIISC) Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Spain Research Unit Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrin Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Spain Institute for Applied Microelectronics (IUMA) Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Spain Dept. of Electrical Computer and Biomedical Engineering University of Pavia Pavia Italy Barcelona Supercomputing Center Barcelona Spain Universitat Politecnica de Catalunva Barcelona Strain Dept. of Electrical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e) Eindhoven The Netherlands UPMEM Grenoble France Red de Investigación en Cronicidad. Atención Primaria y Promoción de la Salud (RICAPPS) Tenerife Spain University of Kaiserslautem-Landau Kaiserslautern Germany Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas y Sanitarias Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Spain Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno-Infantil de Canarias Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Spain Universidad Politecnica de Madrid Madrid Spain OPTOMIC España S.A. Madrid Spain Dept. of Neurosurgery Dept. of Surgery Medicine Faculty Hospital Universitario 12 Octubre Universidad Complutense de Madrid Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (imas12) Madrid Strain Dept.of Neurosurgery Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden Dept. of Neurosurgery Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrin Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Spain

ISBN: (数字)9798350380385

ISBN: (纸本)9798350380392

Integrated digital diagnostics can support complex surgical procedures in many anatomical sites, brain tumour surgery being the most complex. STRATUM is a 5-year Horizon Europe funded project with the goal of developing an innovative 3D decision support tool for brain tumour surgeries, based on real-time multimodal data processing using artificial intelligence algorithms. The proposed tool is envisioned as an energy-efficient Point-of-Care computing system to be integrated within neurosurgical workflows to aid surgeons to make informed, efficient, and accurate decisions during surgical procedures. The expected long-term impact of STRATUM is to reduce the duration of surgical procedures, thus decreasing patients' risks, but also optimising the resources of European health care systems.

关键词： Three-dimensional displays Accuracy Point of care Europe Real-time systems Neurosurgery Stakeholders Artificial intelligence Medical diagnostic imaging Tumors

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A Survey of Computation-Driven Data Encoding

A Survey of Computation-Driven Data Encoding

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IEEE Workshop on Signal Processing Systems (SIPS)

作者： Weikang Qian Runsheng Wang Yuan Wang Marc Riedel Ru Huang Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ UM-SJTU Joint Inst. and MoE Key Lab of Artificial Intelligence China Peking Univ Inst. of Microelectronics and MoE Key Lab of Microelectronics Devices and Circuits China Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Univ. of Minnesota U.S.A.

ISBN: (数字)9781728119274

ISBN: (纸本)9781728119281

Although the metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) has been the dominant device for modern very-large scale integration (VLSI) circuits for more than six decades, with the dawning of a post-Moore era, researchers are trying to find replacements. A foundation of modern digital computing is the encoding of digital values through a binary radix representation. However, as we enter into the post-Moore era, the challenges of increasing power density, signal noise, and device unreliability raise the question of whether this basic way of encoding data is still the best choice, particularly with novel electronic devices. Prior work has shown that binary radix encoding has some disadvantages. We argue that it is crucial to rethink the necessity of using this representation in the post-Moore era. In this paper, we review some recent development on computation-driven data encoding. We begin with stochastic encoding, a representation proposed a long time ago, discussing both its advantages and disadvantages. Then, we review several recent breakthroughs with variations of stochastic encoding that mitigate many of its disadvantages. Finally, we conclude the paper by extrapolating future directions for effective computation-driven data encoding.

关键词： Encoding Logic gates Hardware Clocks MOSFET Density measurement

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Cost Modelling for Vectorization on ARM

Cost Modelling for Vectorization on ARM

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IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing

作者： Angela Pohl Biagio Cosenza Ben Juurlink Dept. of Computer Engineering and Microelectronics Technische Universität Berlin Germany

When applying a code transformation to optimize for performance, compilers need to assess its profitability beforehand. For this purpose, they utilize cost models, which compare the cost, an abstract measure of the code, before and after the transformation. If the cost is lower after the transformation, it will be applied. Exact cost modelling is therefore critical to avoid slowdowns or missed opportunities for speedups. In this work, we analyze the accuracy of LLVM's loop-level vectorization (LLV) cost model, and show the benefit of modelling speedup instead of instruction costs for higher vectorization rates and smaller execution times. The presented approach is portable to other compilers and hardwares as well.

关键词： Hardware Kernel Predictive models Analytical models Correlation Linear regression Conferences

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Quantum motion of a squeezed mechanical oscillator attained via a optomechanical experiment

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Vezio, P. Chowdhury, A. Bonaldi, M. Borrielli, A. Marino, F. Morana, B. Prodi, G.A. Sarro, P.M. Serra, E. Marin, F. I-50019 Italy CNR-INO L.go Enrico Fermi 6 FirenzeI-50125 Italy Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism Nanoscience-Trento-FBK Division Povo Trento38123 Italy Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application Povo TrentoI-38123 Italy INFN Sezione di Firenze Dept. of Microelectronics and Computer Engineering ECTM/DIMES Delft University of Technology Feldmanweg 17 Delft2628 CT Netherlands Dipartimento di Matematica Università di Trento Povo TrentoI-38123 Italy I-50019 Italy

We experimentally investigate a mechanical squeezed state realized in a parametrically-modulated membrane resonator embedded in an optical cavity. We demonstrate that a quantum characteristic of the squeezed dynamics can be revealed and quantified even in a moderately warm oscillator, through the analysis of motional sidebands. We provide a theoretical framework for quantitatively interpreting the observations and present an extended comparison with the experiment. A notable result is that the spectral shape of each motional sideband provides a clear signature of a quantum mechanical squeezed state without the necessity of absolute calibrations, in particular in the regime where residual fluctuations in the squeezed quadrature are reduced below the zero-point level. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Quantum optics

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CISC: Coordinating Intelligent SSD and CPU to Speedup Graph Processing

CISC: Coordinating Intelligent SSD and CPU to Speedup Graph ...

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International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Computing

作者： Dongyang Li Yafei Yang Weijun Li Qing Yang Dept. of Electrical Computer and Biomedical Engineering University of Rhode Island RI US Shenzhen Dapu Microelectronics Co. Ltd. Shenzhen China

Minimum Spanning Tree (MST) is a fundamental problem in graph processing. The current state of the art concentrates on parallelizing its computation on multi-cores to speedup MST. Although many parallelism strategies have been explored, the actual speedup is limited, and they consume a large amount of CPU power. In this paper, we propose a new approach to the MST computation by coordinating computing power inside SSD storage with host CPU cores. A comprehensive framework of software-hardware co-design, referred to as CISC (coordinating Intelligent SSD and CPU), preprocesses MST graph edges inside storage and parallelizes the remaining computation on host CPU. Leveraging the special properties of modern SSD storage, CISC exploits a divide and conquer approach to reordering graph edges. We have implemented an FPGA circuit that reorders chunks of graph edges inside an SSD. The ordered chunks are then loaded to the system RAM and processed by the host CPU to build a B-Tree structure by repetitively picking up edges at heads of chunks. A working prototype CISC has been built using NVM-e SSD on a server. Extensive experiments have been carried out using real-world benchmarks to demonstrate the feasibility and performance of deploying CISC in NVM-e SSD storage. Our experimental results show 2.2~2.7× speedup for serial version implementation and 11.47× to 17.2× speedup for the parallel version with 96-cores. For the same number of cores, our parallel CISC outperforms the traditional software MST by up to 35%.

关键词： Field programmable gate arrays Multicore processing Sorting Software Hardware Task analysis

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Probing quantum gravity effects with quantum mechanical oscillators

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2020年

作者： Bonaldi, M. Borrielli, A. Chowdhury, A. Di Giuseppe, G. Li, W. Malossi, N. Marino, F. Morana, B. Natali, R. Piergentili, P. Prodi, G.A. Sarro, P.M. Serra, E. Vezio, P. Vitali, D. Marin, F. Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism Nanoscience-Trento-FBK Division Povo TrentoI-38123 Italy Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application Povo TrentoI-38123 Italy CNR-INO L.go E. Fermi 6 FirenzeI-50125 Italy I-50019 Italy I-62032 Italy INFN Sezione di Perugia via A. Pascoli PerugiaI-06123 Italy Dept. of Microelectronics and Computer Engineering ECTM/DIMES Delft University of Technology Feldmanweg 17 Delft2628 CT Netherlands Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Trento Povo TrentoI-38123 Italy I-50019 Italy I-50019 Italy

Phenomenological models aiming to join gravity and quantum mechanics often predict effects that are potentially measurable in refined low-energy experiments. For instance, modified commutation relations between position and momentum, that accounts for a minimal scale length, yield a dynamics that can be codified in additional Hamiltonian terms. When applied to the paradigmatic case of a mechanical oscillator, such terms, at the lowest order in the deformation parameter, introduce a weak intrinsic nonlinearity and, consequently, deviations from the classical trajectory. This point of view has stimulated several experimental proposals and realizations, leading to meaningful upper limits to the deformation parameter. All such experiments are based on classical mechanical oscillators, i.e., excited from a thermal state. We remark indeed that decoherence, that plays a major role in distinguishing the classical from the quantum behavior of (macroscopic) systems, is not usually included in phenomenological quantum gravity models. However, it would not be surprising if peculiar features that are predicted by considering the joined roles of gravity and quantum physics should manifest themselves just on purely quantum objects. On the base of this consideration, we propose experiments aiming to observe possible quantum gravity effects on macroscopic mechanical oscillators that are preliminary prepared in a high purity state, and we report on the status of their realization. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Gravitation

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Quantum thermometry in optomechanics

Quantum thermometry in optomechanics

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Quantum Information and Measurement, QIM 2019

作者： Chowdhury, A. Vezio, P. Bonaldi, M. Borrielli, A. Marino, F. Morana, B. Pandraud, G. Pontin, A. Prodi, G.A. Sarro, P.M. Serra, E. Marin, F. CNR INO L.go Enrico Fermi 6 FirenzeI-50125 Italy I-50019 Italy I-50019 Italy Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism Nanoscience-Trento-FBK Division Povo Trento38123 Italy Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application Povo TrentoI-38123 Italy Dept. of Microelectronics and Computer Engineering ECTM EKL Delft University of Technology Feldmanweg 17 Delft2628 CT Netherlands Department of Physics and Astronomy University College London Gower Street LondonWC1E 6BT United Kingdom Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Trento Povo TrentoI-38123 Italy I-50019 Italy

We describe a method to control the cavity detuning in optomechanics experiments. This helps accurate measurements of the asymmetry in the motional sidebands, that testify the quantum behavior of the oscillator and qu... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781943580569

关键词： Acoustooptic modulators Energy transfer Optomechanics Oscillators Photons Resonance

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Quantum Signature of a Squeezed Mechanical Oscillator

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Physical Review Letters 2020年第2期124卷 023601-023601页

作者： A. Chowdhury P. Vezio M. Bonaldi A. Borrielli F. Marino B. Morana G. A. Prodi P. M. Sarro E. Serra F. Marin CNR-INO L.go Enrico Fermi 6 I-50125 Firenze Italy European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS) Via Carrara 1 I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI) Italy Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism Nanoscience-Trento-FBK Division 38123 Povo Trento Italy Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application I-38123 Povo Trento Italy INFN Sezione di Firenze Via Sansone 1 I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI) Italy Dept. of Microelectronics and Computer Engineering /ECTM/DIMES Delft University of Technology Feldmanweg 17 2628 CT Delft Netherlands Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Trento I-38123 Povo Trento Italy Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia Università di Firenze Via Sansone 1 I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI) Italy

Recent optomechanical experiments have observed nonclassical properties in macroscopic mechanical oscillators. A key indicator of such properties is the asymmetry in the strength of the motional sidebands produced in the probe electromagnetic field, which is originated by the noncommutativity between the oscillator ladder operators. Here we extend the analysis to a squeezed state of an oscillator embedded in an optical cavity, produced by the parametric effect originated by a suitable combination of optical fields. The motional sidebands assume a peculiar shape, related to the modified system dynamics, with asymmetric features revealing and quantifying the quantum component of the squeezed oscillator motion.

关键词： Optomechanics Quantum optics Squeezing of quantum noise

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Progress in flexible 2D nanoelectronics 231

Progress in flexible 2D nanoelectronics

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Symposium on Emerging Materials for Post CMOS Devices/Sensing and Applications 8 - 231st ECS Meeting 2017

作者： Park, Saungeun Zhu, Weinan Akinwande, Deji Microelectronics Research Center Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering 10100 Burnet Road Bldg 160 MER 1.206L AustinTX78758 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781607688051

In the past decade, two-dimensional (2D) atomic crystals have stimulated great interest in the electronic device community for their interesting physics and diverse applications. With the rapid growing market of wearable electronics and internet-of-things (IoTs), flexible nanoelectronics with high operation speed and low power consumption has become one of the most researched topics. In this regard, 2D atomic van der Waals crystals has emerged as promising candidates for such applications owing to their compelling capabilities including ultimate thickness scalability, superior mechanical flexibility and highly tunable electronic performance. We describe state-of-the-art advancements in 2D flextronics based on chemical vapor deposition (CVD) monolayer graphene, CVD monolayer MoS2, and few-layer black phosphorus with specific emphasis on radio frequency (RF) applications. © The Electrochemical Society.

关键词： Monolayers

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Joint detection and localization of an unknown number of sources using algebraic structure of the noise subspace

arXiv

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Morency, Matthew W. Vorobyov, Sergiy A. Leus, Geert Dept. Microelectronics School of Electrical Engineering Mathematics and Computer Science Delft University of Technology Mekelweg 4 DelftCD2628 Netherlands Dept. Signal Processing and Acoustics Aalto University PO Box 13000 AaltoFI-00076 Finland

Source localization and spectral estimation are among the most fundamental problems in statistical and array signal processing. Methods which rely on the orthogonality of the signal and noise subspaces, such as Pisarenko's method, MUSIC, and root-MUSIC are some of the most widely used algorithms to solve these problems. As a common feature, these methods require both a-priori knowledge of the number of sources, and an estimate of the noise subspace. Both requirements are complicating factors to the practical implementation of the algorithms, and when not satisfied exactly, can potentially lead to severe errors. In this paper, we propose a new localization criterion based on the algebraic structure of the noise subspace that is described for the first time to the best of our knowledge. Using this criterion and the relationship between the source localization problem and the problem of computing the greatest common divisor (GCD), or more practically approximate GCD, for polynomials, we propose two algorithms which adaptively learn the number of sources and estimate their locations. Simulation results show a significant improvement over root-MUSIC in challenging scenarios such as closely located sources, both in terms of detection of the number of sources and their localization over a broad and practical range of SNRs. Further, no performance sacrifice in simple scenarios is observed. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Spectrum analysis

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