A semi-analytical method for the calculation of the electromagnetic power density originating from rectangular and elliptical aperture antennas is presented. Such antennas can simulate radar and microwave link radiati...
详细信息
ISBN:
(纸本)8391614603
A semi-analytical method for the calculation of the electromagnetic power density originating from rectangular and elliptical aperture antennas is presented. Such antennas can simulate radar and microwave link radiating elements. The analysis makes use of the Fourier transfom in the spectral domain and is based on the approximate assumption that both the electric and the magnetic fields have constant polarization and peak values over the entire aperture surface. Both fields outside the aperture on the aperture plane are assumed zero. Harmonic temporal dependence is considered. In the source free region, the field of a monochromatic wave radiated by the aperture is expressed as a superposition of plane waves (all of the same frequency, different amplitudes and traveling in different directions). Application of boundary conditions leads to suitable expressions for the Fourier coefficients. Numerical calculation (e.g. by Gauss integration) of an infinite double integral provides the electric field value at any given point of interest. Consequently, the power density is obtained in a rather straightforward way. As in radar / microwave link stations linear dipoles and systems of folded dipoles are usually present, calculation of the power density originating from specific linear antenna configurations of practical interest can also performed according to the corresponding classical expressions [1]. Obviously, using the above mentioned analyses and performing appropriate geometric calculations, an upper boundary of the power density steming from all antennas of the station can be calculated at any point of interest (e.g. on the fence of the premises). A novel algorithm for the selection of safety critical points around a radar / microwave link station of which all antennas produce maximum radiation on a horizontal plane (e.g. surveillance radar antennas) is proposed so that the definition of a “safe area” becomes feasible. Sample calculations and corresponding measurement
A systematic study of long-term reliability of ultra thin CVD HfO/sub 2/ gate stack (EOT=10.5 /spl Aring/) with TaN gate electrode is presented. The polarity and area dependence and temperature acceleration of time-to...
详细信息
ISBN:
(纸本)078037312X
A systematic study of long-term reliability of ultra thin CVD HfO/sub 2/ gate stack (EOT=10.5 /spl Aring/) with TaN gate electrode is presented. The polarity and area dependence and temperature acceleration of time-to-breakdown (TBO), defect generation rate, and critical defect density are studied. It is found that T/sub BD/ is polarity-independent (T/sub BD,-Vg/=T/sub BD,+Vg/). TDDB lifetime acceleration shows that 10-year lifetime of HfO/sub 2/ gate stack is projected at Vg=1.63 V for EOT=8.6 /spl Aring/ and Vg=1.88 V for EOT=10.6 /spl Aring/ at 25/spl deg/C. However, after temperature acceleration of 150/spl deg/C, area scaling to 0.1 cm/sup 2/, and the projection to low percentage failure rate of 0.01%, the maximum operating voltages are projected to be Vg=0.6 V for EOT 8.6 /spl Aring/ and Vg=0.75 V for EOT=10.6 /spl Aring/.
We describe a research project on resolving semantic differences for multi-agent systems (MAS) in electronic commerce. The approach can be characterized as follows: (1) agents in a MAS may have their own specific onto...
详细信息
We describe a research project on resolving semantic differences for multi-agent systems (MAS) in electronic commerce. The approach can be characterized as follows: (1) agents in a MAS may have their own specific ontologies defined on top of a shared base ontology; (2) concepts in these ontologies are represented as frame-like structures based on DAML+OIL language; (3) the semantic differences between agents are resolved at runtime through inter-agent communication; and (4) the resolution is viewed as an abductive inference process, and thus necessarily involves approximate reasoning.
Summary from only given. Using TEM and novel focused ion beam (FIB) sectioning techniques we have investigated the mechanisms that are responsible for VCSEL degradation and failure. The main cause of failure is the ge...
详细信息
Summary from only given. Using TEM and novel focused ion beam (FIB) sectioning techniques we have investigated the mechanisms that are responsible for VCSEL degradation and failure. The main cause of failure is the generation of complex dislocation dipole and loop arrays likely by non-radiative recombination enhanced mechanisms. Dislocations punched out due to oxide-induced strain or dislocations with origins in the substrate or surface appear to act as nucleation sites for these complex arrays.
The digital part of a low power single chip digital beamformer for use in low-cost handheld ultrasound imaging systems is presented. To ensure lowest power dissipation for battery operated systems, a quantitative opti...
详细信息
A flexible datapath generator for the physical oriented design of optimized building blocks in the area of DSP ASIC design is presented. The generator concept combines the advantages of full-custom macros regarding po...
详细信息
As a coding technique designed for use with multiple transmit antennas, space-time coding (STC) has been gaining more and more attention recently due to its attractive characteristics to provide diversity at the recei...
详细信息
As a coding technique designed for use with multiple transmit antennas, space-time coding (STC) has been gaining more and more attention recently due to its attractive characteristics to provide diversity at the receiver and coding gain over an uncoded system without sacrificing the bandwidth, and increase the effective transmission rate as well as the potential system capacity. This paper presents powerful and computationally linear intersymbol and cochannel interference suppression schemes, considering both zero-forcing (ZF) and minimum mean-square error (MMSE) criteria to combat intersymbol interference (ISI) and suppress cochannel interference (CCI) and obtain diversity gain in a system with transmit diversity technique using symbol-level space-time block coding (STBC). General linear schemes are derived for the transmit diversity case with two transmit antennas and M receive antennas. The conditions are investigated under which interference can be suppressed perfectly using linear FIR filters in noise-free environments. Binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulation scheme is assumed to simulate the proposed diversity and interference suppression methods. Numerical results show significant performance improvements compared to the cases without interference suppression.
As a coding technique designed for use with multiple transmit antennas, space-time coding (STC) has been gaining more and more attention recently due to its attractive characteristics to provide diversity at the recei...
详细信息
As a coding technique designed for use with multiple transmit antennas, space-time coding (STC) has been gaining more and more attention recently due to its attractive characteristics to provide diversity at the receiver and coding gain over an uncoded system without sacrificing the bandwidth, and increase the effective transmission rate as well as the potential system capacity. This paper presents powerful and computationally linear and decision feedback equalization schemes, considering both zero-forcing (ZF) and minimum mean-square error (MMSE) criteria to combat intersymbol interference (ISI) and obtain diversity gain in a system with transmit diversity technique using symbol-level space-time block coding. General linear and decision feedback equalizers are derived for the transmit diversity case with two transmit antennas and M receive antennas. The conditions are investigated under which FIR channels can be equalized perfectly using linear FIR filters in noise-free environments. BPSK modulation scheme is assumed to simulate the proposed diversity and equalization methods. Numerical results show significant performance improvements compared to the cases without equalization.
In this paper we address the problem of designing energy minimizing collision-free maneuvers for multiple agents moving on a plane. We show that the problem is equivalent to that of finding the shortest geodesic in a ...
详细信息
Optimum partitioning plays a crucial role in the implementation of systems on heterogeneous target architectures. Typical target architectures for such systems include FPGAs, semi-custom or physically optimized ASICs ...
详细信息
暂无评论