In this paper we present the very first simultaneous detection of a terrestrial gamma-ray flash (TGF) and the optical signal from lightning. By fortuitous coincidence two independent satellites passed less than 300 km...
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In this paper we present the very first simultaneous detection of a terrestrial gamma-ray flash (TGF) and the optical signal from lightning. By fortuitous coincidence two independent satellites passed less than 300 km from the thunderstorm system that produced a TGF that lasted 70 μs. Together with two independent measurements of radio emissions we have an unprecedented coverage of the event. We find that the TGF was produced inside the thundercloud at the initial stage of an intracloud (IC) lightning just before the leader reached the cloud top and extended horizontally. A strong radio pulse was produced by the TGF itself. This is the first time the sequence of radio pulses, TGF and optical emissions has been identified. Figure 1 shows the three data sets and illustrates our interpretation of this unique event.
Recently, the Two-Stage method has been proposed as a tool to obtain consistent estimates of modules embedded in dynamic networks [1], [2]. However, for this method the variables that are included in the predictor mod...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781479901890
Recently, the Two-Stage method has been proposed as a tool to obtain consistent estimates of modules embedded in dynamic networks [1], [2]. However, for this method the variables that are included in the predictor model are currently not considered as a user choice. In this paper it is shown that there is considerable freedom as to which variables can be included in the predictor model as inputs, and still obtain consistent estimates of the module of interest. Conditions that the choice of predictor inputs must satisfy are presented. The conditions could be used to find the smallest number of predictor inputs for instance. Algorithms are presented for checking the conditions and obtaining the estimates.
The increasing pervasiveness of information and communication technology (ICT) in transport systems changes the requirements on techniques and tools for transport simulation modelling. Novel ICT-powered responsive mob...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781479929153
The increasing pervasiveness of information and communication technology (ICT) in transport systems changes the requirements on techniques and tools for transport simulation modelling. Novel ICT-powered responsive mobility services, such as real-time on-demand transport, are interaction-rich in a sense that they rely on frequent, ad hoc interactions between various entities of the transport system. These interactions have to be properly captured in the model if it is to accurately represent the dynamics of the modelled transport system. Unfortunately, existing modelling tools are not well suited for modelling interaction-rich transport systems. We have therefore developed a novel modular simulation framework designed specifically for modelling transport systems in which ad hoc interactions and decision making play an important role. The framework provides an extensible library of modelling elements based on a unifying ontology of agent-based modelling abstractions, a high-performance discrete-event simulation engine and suite of tools supporting real-world deployment and utilization of implemented models. By fully leveraging the conceptual foundation of multiagent systems, our framework provides flexibility and extensibility that is difficult to achieve by existing approaches. We demonstrate the applicability of the framework on the models of five distinct interaction-rich transport systems.
We solve the fully multimodal journey planning problem, in which journey plans can employ any combination of scheduled public transport (e.g., bus, tram and underground), individual (e.g., walk, bike, shared bike and ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781479929153
We solve the fully multimodal journey planning problem, in which journey plans can employ any combination of scheduled public transport (e.g., bus, tram and underground), individual (e.g., walk, bike, shared bike and car), and on-demand (e.g., taxi) transport modes. Our solution is based on a generalised time-dependent graph that allows representing the fully multimodal earliest arrival problem as a standard graph search problem and consequently using general shortest path algorithms to solve it. In addition, to allow users to express their journey planning preferences and to speed up the search process, flexible journey plan templates can be used in our approach to restrict the transport modes and mode combinations permitted in generated journey plans. We have evaluated our solution on a real-world transport network of the city of Helsinki and achieved practically usable search runtimes in the range of hundreds of milliseconds.
In the literature methods have been proposed which enable consistent estimates of modules embedded in complex dynamic networks. In this paper the network extension of the so called closed-loop Direct Method is investi...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781467357159
In the literature methods have been proposed which enable consistent estimates of modules embedded in complex dynamic networks. In this paper the network extension of the so called closed-loop Direct Method is investigated. Currently, for this method the variables which must be included in the predictor model are not considered as a user choice. In this paper it is shown that there is some freedom as to which variables to include in the predictor model as inputs, and still obtain consistent estimates of the module of interest. Conditions on this choice of predictor inputs are presented.
An efficient maximum power point tracking (MPPT) scheme is necessary to improve the efficiency of a solar photovoltaic (PV) panel. This paper proposes an advanced perturbation and observation (P&O) algorithm for t...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781467363204
An efficient maximum power point tracking (MPPT) scheme is necessary to improve the efficiency of a solar photovoltaic (PV) panel. This paper proposes an advanced perturbation and observation (P&O) algorithm for tracking the maximum power point (MPP) of a solar PV panel. Solar PV cells have a non-linear V-I characteristic with a distinct MPP which depends on environmental factors such as temperature and irradiation. In order to continuously harvest maximum power from the solar PV panel, it always has to be operated at its MPP. The proposed P&O algorithm can reduce the main drawbacks commonly related to the P&O algorithm. This is achieved with determining the short-circuit current before each perturbation and observation stage. The obtained simulation results are compared with MPPs achieved using the conventional P&O algorithm under various atmospheric conditions. The results show that the advanced P&O algorithm is better than the conventional P&O algorithms for tracking MPPs of solar PV panels. Additionally, it is simple and can be easily implemented in digital signal processor (DSP).
This paper studies a new model for cooperative communication, the interfering relay channels. We show that the hash-forward scheme introduced by Kim for the primitive relay channel is capacity achieving for a class of...
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This paper studies a new model for cooperative communication, the interfering relay channels. We show that the hash-forward scheme introduced by Kim for the primitive relay channel is capacity achieving for a class of semideterministic interfering relay channels. The obtained capacity result generalizes and unifies earlier capacity results for a class of primitive relay channels and a class of deterministic interference channels.
We extend the primitive relay channel (PRC) introduced by Cover and Kim to a more general scenario where two Gaussian PRC's cause interference to each other. We show that extended hash-and-forward relaying with pr...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781479923915
We extend the primitive relay channel (PRC) introduced by Cover and Kim to a more general scenario where two Gaussian PRC's cause interference to each other. We show that extended hash-and-forward relaying with proper power allocation can achieve bounded gaps to the capacity region of the Gaussian channel in different regimes of channel parameters.
This paper presents a 1200 V, 120 A SiC MOSFET phase-leg module capable of operating at 200 °C ambient temperature. Paralleling six 20 A MOSFET bare dice for each switch, this module outperforms the commercial Si...
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This paper presents a 1200 V, 120 A SiC MOSFET phase-leg module capable of operating at 200 °C ambient temperature. Paralleling six 20 A MOSFET bare dice for each switch, this module outperforms the commercial SiC modules in higher operating temperature and lower package parasitics at a comparable power rating. The module's high-temperature capability is validated through the extensive characterizations of the SiC MOSFET, as well as the careful selections of suitable packaging materials. Particularly, the sealed-step-edge technology is implemented on the DBC substrates to improve the module's thermal cycling lifetime. Though still based on the regular wire-bond structure, the module is able to achieve over 40% reduction in the switching loop inductance compared to a commercial SiC module by optimizing its internal layout. By further embedding decoupling capacitors directly on the substrates, the module also allows SiC MOSFETs to be switched twice faster with only one-third turn-off over-voltages compared to the commercial module.
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