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Temperature Regulation in Refinery Heaters by Predictive control

IFAC Proceedings Volumes 1996年第1期29卷 6173-6178页

作者： S. Kotob M.S. Mahmoud M. Juraidan Systems and Control Department Division of Engineering Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research PO Box 24885 13109 Safat KUWAIT. Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Kuwait University PO Box 5969 Safat-13060 KUWAIT

In analyzing the behavior of refinery heaters, it turns out that the process dynamics is slow and can be cast into the form of input-output discrete-time controlled autoregressive and integrated moving-average (CARIMA) model with large time-lag which poses difficulties in control design. To overcome these difficulties, modified Diophantine equations are introduced in this paper to facilitate the development of filtered outlet temperature predictions so that the closed-loop system (the refinery heater model with a recursive predictive controller) have desired stability properties. Simulation studies on a pilot-scale process heaters have illustrated the flexibility and computational effectiveness of the developed predictive control algorithm.

关键词： Predictive control CARIMA model Temperature regulation Process dynamics Diophantine equation

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Experiences from a Prolog-based environment for modelling and simulation: an example of the application of logic programming in control engineering

Experiences from a Prolog-based environment for modelling an...

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IEE Colloquium on Symbolic Computation for control (Digest No: 1996/078)

作者： E.B. Tanyi D.A. Linkens Dept. of Electr. Eng. Yaounde Univ. I Cameroon Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering University of Sheffield Sheffield UK

The paper describes the use of Prolog in the implementation of a Knowledge-based Environment for Modelling and Simulation (KEMS). The basis of the implementation is the AI frame paradigm which provides a conceptual foundation for the design of the model base, the simulation code generator and the knowledge acquisition module which are the Prolog-based components of KEMS. The experiences derived from KEMS provide a springboard from which the wider applications of logic programming in control engineering are discussed. Six application areas are identified, including modelling, the design of front-ends for CAD packages, the design of object-oriented databases, the prototyping of engineering concepts, knowledge-based control and the design of decision-support systems.

关键词： Prolog

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Mechatronic blockset for Simulink-concept and implementation

Mechatronic blockset for Simulink-concept and implementation

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IEEE International Symposium on Computer Aided control System Design (CACSD)

作者： O. Ravn M. Szymkat T. Uhl M. Betemps A. Pjetursson J. Rod Dept. of Autom. Tech. Univ. Lyngby Denmark Division of Control Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering Staszic Technical University Krakow Poland Department of Automation Technical University of Denmark Lyngby Denmark

The paper describes the design considerations for modelling and simulation of mechatronic systems. The system is based on a component concept enabling the designer to pick component models that match the physical components of the setup to be modelled from a block library. Another important feature of the system is the ability to change the complexity of the simulation model in a simple, powerful and well structured way. This feature makes it simple for the designer to evaluate the influence of including different aspects of the components. The complexity can be changed both on the component level and for the whole model. This library that can be extended by the user contains standard components, such as DC-motors, potentiometers, encoders, pneumatic elements, and a Maple based facility to generate symbolic equations of motion. To evaluate the concepts the mechatronic Simulink library blockset has been implemented as a prototype based on MATLAB and Simulink and has been used to model several mechatronic systems. The library is presently being tested in different projects.

关键词： Mechatronics Mathematical model Libraries Power system modeling Robotics and automation System testing Design automation Buildings control engineering Service robots

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Ultrasonic detection in robotic environments

Ultrasonic detection in robotic environments

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IEEE International Conference on Robotics and automation (ICRA)

作者： L. Sobral R. Johansson G. Lindstedt G. Olsson Department Automatic Contlrol Lund Institute of Technology Lund Sweden Dept. of Autom. Control Lund Inst. of Technol. Sweden Department Ind. El. Engineering & Automation Lund Institute of Technology Lund Sweden

Based on information produced by a 200 kHz ultrasonic echo device developed for robotics and other industrial purposes, a method for object identification was developed and is presented in this paper. Interpretation of the echos from the reflecting objects, complexity analysis and information extraction were made by system identification methods such as impulse response analysis and state-space realization. A clustering-type discrimination of different objects based on the echo identification result was made in a subsequent step using the least-squares method. Experimental evaluation showed that the method is effective for object recognition.

关键词： Robot sensing systems Object recognition Service robots Robotics and automation Information analysis System identification Pattern analysis Shape Sensor systems Temperature

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Process Capability Indices and Non-normal Distributions

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Quality engineering 1996年第2期9卷 305-305页

作者： Somerville, S. E. Montgomery, D. C. TRW Safety Systems Mesa AZ 85015 United States Dept. Indust. and Mgmt. Syst. Eng. Arizona State University Box 875906 Tempe AZ 85287-5906 United States Arizona State University Arizona State ASQC TRW Safety Systems Mesa AZ United States Department of Engineering Arizona State University Virginia Tech. American Statistical Association American Society for Quality Control Institute of Industrial Engineers

Capability indices are becoming increasingly popular in industry. One of the problems associated with these indices is the underlying assumption of normality. Four non-normal distributions were examined for their effect on inferences made using the standard capability indices. The gamma, lognormal, Weibull, and t distributions were analyzed. Various shapes of each of the four distributions were considered. The errors associated with a normal-distribution assumption when the distribution is non-normal were evaluated and tabulated. The errors were obtained by applying a standard index to the subject distribution as if it were normal. The expected proportion nonconforming, in parts per million, were compared to those obtained with the normal distribution. The errors were found to be extremely large in most instances. The skewness and kurtosis of the non-normal distributions contribute to a significant difference in the expected defect percentage. Consequently, we recommend that a sample distribution for which a capability estimate is desired should be evaluated for departures from normality. Methods which compensate for non-normality must be considered if a high degree of confidence is to be placed on the capability estimates.

关键词： Departures from assumptions Normal probability plots Process capability analysis Process capability index

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A Fast Initial Response Scheme for the Exponentially Weighted Moving Average control Chart

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Quality engineering 1996年第2期9卷 317-317页

作者： Rhoads, T. R. Montgomery, D. C. Mastrangelo, C. M. Dept. of Indust. and Mgmt. Sci. Eng. Arizona State University Box 875906 Tempe AZ 85287-5906 United States Department of Systems Engineering University of Virginia Thornton Hall Charlottesville VA 22903 United States Dept. Indust. and Mgmt. Syst. Eng. Arizona State University University of Oklahoma University of Texas Permian Basin Institute of Industrial Engineers Society of Petroleum Engineers Arizona State University American Society for Quality Control American Statistical Association Institute of Industrial Engineers

The exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control scheme is a widely used process monitoring technique. Lucas and Saccucci (1990) recommend incorporating a head start value to increase the EWMA's early detection capabilities. Lucas and Saccucci use fixed-width control limits in their description of the process. Computer simulation was used to confirm that, indeed, the head start or fast initial response (FIR) EWMA does improve the performance of the control scheme when the process starts up off target. However, the head start procedure was found to be further improved with the use of correct parabolic control limits, which we refer to as an FIR EWMA with transient limits. Specifically, the average run length is significantly reduced by utilizing the theoretically correct parabolic limits. Based on these results, it is recommended that the FIR EWMA be implemented with the parabolic or transient limits in order to provide the best performance. A polymerization process example is used to illustrate the recommendation further.

关键词： Average run length EWMA Fast initial response EWMA FIR EWMA

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Evaluating a neural network decision-support tool for the diagnosis of breast cancer

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5th Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Medicine Europe, AIME 1995

作者： Downs, Joseph Harrison, Robert F. Cross, Simon S. Dept. of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering University of Sheffield Mappin Street Sheffield S1 3JD United Kingdom Dept. of Pathology University of Sheffield Medical School Beech Hill Road Sheffield S10 2RX United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)3540600256

This paper describes the evaluation of an application of the ARTMAP neural network model to the diagnosis of cancer from fine-needle aspirates of the breast. The network has previously demonstrated very high performance when used with high-quality data provided by an expert pathologist. New performance results are provided for its use with "noisy" data provided by an inexperienced pathologist. Additionally, ARTMAP supports the extraction of symbolic rules from a trained network and the validity of these autonomously-acquired rules is discussed. It is concluded that the symbolic rules provide an appropriate mapping of input features to category classes in the domain. However, the network in its present form is only suitable for use as a decision-support tool by a senior pathologist, since its performance deteriorated greatly with poor-quality data provided by a junior pathologist. The implications of the findings are discussed.

关键词： Decision support systems

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A prototype neural network decision-support tool for the early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction

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5th Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Medicine Europe, AIME 1995

作者： Downs, Joseph Harrison, Robert F. Kennedy, R. Lee Dept. of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering University of Sheffield Mappin Street Sheffield S1 3JD United Kingdom Dept. of Medicine University of Edinburgh Western General Hospital Crewe Road South Edinburgh EH2 4XU United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)3540600256

An application of the ARTMAP neural network model to the early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction is described. Performance results are given for 10 individual ARTMAP networks, and for combinations of the networks using "pooled" decision making (the so-called voting strategy). Category nodes are pruned from the trained networks in different ways so as to improve accuracy, sensitivity and specificity respectively. The differently pruned networks are employed in a novel "cascaded" variation of the voting strategy. This allows a partitioning of the test data into predictions with a high and a lower certainty of being correct, providing the diagnosing clinician with an indication of the reliability of an individual prediction.

关键词： Neural network models

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Loop-Shaping Characteristics of a Human Operator in a Compensatory Manual control System

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 1995年第15期28卷 661-665页

作者： Takeshi Inaba Yoshiki Matsuo Dept. of Control and Systems Engineering Faculty of Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 O-okayama 152 Meguro-ku Tokyo JAPAN

New observations on loop-shaping characteristics of a human operator in a compensatory manual control system are presented. These observations are quite useful for manual control systems design. A design method of manual control systems considering easiness of the operation is proposed based on H ∞ control theory. The validity of the design method is confirmed by experiments.

关键词： Manual control Manual operation Man/machine systems Human-machine interface H ∞ control

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automation System Procurement for Mining and Mineral Processing Industries: Concepts in Practice

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 1995年第17期28卷 265-271页

作者： T. Rahkonen M. Stålnacke Royal Institute of Technology Dept. of Industrial Control Systems S-100 44 Stockholm Sweden. Fax: +46 8 790 6839 LKAB kuTEKNIK System Process Automation S-981 86 Kiruna Sweden. Fax: +46 980 109 02

In order to stay competitive in the mining and mineral processing business, it has become increasingly important to have well functioning automation systems. New requirements on these systems arise from a number of different sources. Customers continuously ask for further refined products of higher quality. This, together with a demand for increased efficiency generates requirements on sophisticated control functionality and display of relevant information to operators and maintenance personnel. Integration of different systems is required in order to improve over-all efficiency and quality of services. Altogether, the new requirements make it increasingly important to be a skilled procurer of computer-based automation systems. This paper presents some practical experience from LKAB in the field of systems integration and discusses whether to separate the procurement of a machine from the procurement of its control system. The results presented should be of interest for automation system suppliers and users effective in all kinds of process and manufacturing industries.

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