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Hybrid CNN-ViT architecture to exploit spatio-temporal feature for fire recognition trained through transfer learning

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第8期84卷 4703-4732页

作者： Shahid, Mohammad Wang, Hong-Cyuan Chen, Yung-Yao Hua, Kai-Lung Dept. of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan Dept. of Electronic and Computer Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan

Fires are becoming one of the major natural hazards that threaten the ecology, economy, human life and even more worldwide. Therefore, early fire detection systems are crucial to prevent fires from spreading out of control and causing destruction. Based on vision sensors, many fire detection techniques have evolved with the recent surge of curiosity in deep learning, which exploits the spatial features of individual images. However, fire can take different forms, scales, and combustion materials can produce different colors, making accurate fire detection from an image challenging. Small fires captured from long-distance cameras lack salient features, further complicating detection. This paper proposes a hybrid structure that uses attention-enhanced convolutional neural networks and vision transformers (CNN-ViT) to detect fire. The proposed CNN-ViT first pays spatial attention to every frame and then aggregates temporal contextual information from neighboring frames to improve detection performance. Due to the limited availability of training fire datasets, the study employs deep transfer learning for feature extraction using pre-trained CNN. We used various metrics to examine the efficacy of the proposed approach. The results showed that the CNN-ViT method outperformed previous models based on spatial-temporal characteristics by achieving a relative improvement in accuracy and F1 score. The satisfactory results on images contaminated with different intensities of noise confirm the robustness of the approach. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Fires

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Moth flame optimization algorithm for efficient feature selection and hybrid classification technique for intrusion detection system

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年 1-21页

作者： Keerthanarani, U. Selvakumar, V. Singaravelan, S. Raja, S. Edwin Thenmozhi, K. Shunmugam, D. Arun Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering P.S.R Engineering College Sivakasi India Dept.Of Computer Science and Engineering Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr Sagunthala R & d Institute of Science and Technology Chennai Avadi India Dept. Of Computer Science and Engineering Coimbatore Institute of Engineering and Technology Coimbatore India Dept. Of Electronics and Communication Engineering P.S.R Engineering College Sivakasi India

The rapid expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) brings numerous benefits but further presents fresh difficulties, especially in terms of security. The distributed and interconnected nature of IoT devices makes them susceptible to various security threats. An Intrusion Detection System (IDS) plays a crucial role in safeguarding IoT networks by monitoring, detecting, and responding to potential security incidents. The Internet of Things (IoT) connects billions of devices, sensors, and systems, transforming industries and everyday life. However, this extensive interconnectivity also introduces significant security risks, making Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) a critical component for safeguarding IoT environments. Feature selection is a crucial aspect of building effective Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS). Selecting relevant features not only helps in achieving better classification accuracy but also contributes to reducing false alarm rates. In the proposed system a moth flame optimizer is utilized to select the efficient features from the dataset, overall accuracy of over 97%. Further it is classified employing Random Forest and J48 classifier which attains high classification accuracy and low false alarm rate. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Feature Selection

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SINR-Delay Constrained Node Localization in RIS-Assisted Time-Varying IoT Networks Using ML Frameworks

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IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management 2025年第2期22卷 1544-1557页

作者： Bhardwaj, Vikash Kumar Mundada, Gagan Sahoo, Omm Prakash Shukla, Mahendra K. Pandey, Om Jee Varanasi Dept. of Electronics Engineering 221005 India University of California San Diego Computer Science and Engineering Dept United States Varanasi Dept. of Electrical Engineering 221005 India ABV-IIITM Gwalior Dept. of Information Technology India

Node localization in time-varying Internet of Things (IoT) networks is an essential problem due to increased delay and poor Signal-to-Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR) at the Base Station (BS). To improve the received signal strength at the BS, Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS) has recently been used between transmitter and receiver. Additionally, novel phase prediction methods and optimal weight assignment frameworks have been proposed over RIS and BSs, respectively. Nevertheless, these methods suffer from poor performance due to their heuristic approach, resulting in more time consumption and poor SINR. Motivated by the aforementioned challenges, we propose a novel node localization method over a RIS-assisted time-varying IoT network using Machine Learning (ML) frameworks in this work. Firstly, the method computes the optimal phase configuration over the RIS corresponding to each element using coeff2phaseNN, which has been trained on channel coefficients among the transmitter, receiver, and RIS. Subsequently, the weight of the individual antenna element at the BS is optimized using the proposed VectorSync model. The results confirm that the coeff2phaseNN method demonstrates a reduction of 89.79% in total MSE loss compared to the Artificial Neural Network-RIS (ANN-RIS) method. Additionally, it demonstrates a 71.04% reduction in the absolute RIS phase prediction deviation from the optimal phase compared to the ANN-RIS method. Moreover, the proposed VectorSync method attains a 79.28% and 92.29% reduction in time required for optimal weight assignment compared to the Bartlett and Capon methods, respectively. Finally, the Localization Error(LR) using the proposed method is compared to conventional methods in a time-varying experimental scenario and found to be the minimum, i.e., 6.156%. © 2004-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Signal to noise ratio

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A Serendipity Recommendation Method for Book Categories Using BERT to Strengthen the Web Service of the Book

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Journal of Web engineering 2025年第2期24卷 199-216页

作者： Kim, Youngmo Kim, Seok-Yoon Park, Byeongchan Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Soongsil University South Korea

In the field of book search, research on a web service-based user-customized book recommendation system is being conducted to respond to increasingly diverse user requirements. The collaborative filtering algorithm, which is mainly used for book recommendation, has a problem in that it is difficult to reflect the user’s recent interest without considering the changes in preference over time, and the user’s satisfaction decreases because it repeatedly recommends only similar items. In this paper, we propose a book recommendation method using category similarity based on deep learning. The proposed method is to predict books to be used next time by inputting users’ past and current book usage history through BERT, a natural language processing model, and to recommend popular books in other categories with high similarity to the predicted book category in the BERT model to reflect serendipity. This method reflects serendipity, which can lead to users’ recent interests and practical preferences, so that recommendation accuracy and user satisfaction can be satisfied at the same time. © 2025 River Publishers.

关键词： BERT book category recommendation serendipity Web service

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J-NECORA: A Framework for Optimal Resource Allocation in Cloud-Edge-Things Continuum for Industrial Applications With Mobile Nodes

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年第11期12卷 16525-16542页

作者： Pettorali, Marco Righetti, Francesca Vallati, Carlo Das, Sajal K. Anastasi, Giuseppe Univ. of Pisa Dept. of Information Engineering Italy Missouri Univ. of Science and Technology Dept. of Computer Science RollaMO United States

In the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) landscape, where the Cloud-to-Things Continuum (C2TC) paradigm is now a reality, industrial applications need to cope with highly heterogeneous network and computing resources. Moreover, many industrial applications also involve Mobile Nodes (MNs). Efficient allocation of network and computing resources to meet the stringent requirements of such applications is often a very challenging task. In this paper, we propose J-NECORA (Joint NEtwork and COmputing Resource Allocation), a comprehensive analytical framework to derive the optimal joint allocation of network and computing resources in the C2TC, that guarantees the application requirements, even in the presence of MNs. If the optimal allocation does not exist, J-NECORA provides a best-effort allocation that minimizes the delay. The proposed framework is highly modular and flexible, and can be easily customized to different scenarios. We validated its effectiveness through simulation experiments, focusing on a specific use case. For the considered scenarios, the performance predicted by our framework matches quite closely the simulation results. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Cloud platforms

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An Integrated Framework with Enhanced Primitives for Post-Quantum Cryptography: HEDT and ECSIDH for Cloud Data Security and Key Exchange

Informatica (Slovenia)

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Informatica (Slovenia) 2025年第11期49卷 165-176页

作者： Ilias, Shaik Mohammad Sharmila, V. Ceronmani Durga, V. Sathya Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science Chennai India Department of Information Technology Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science Chennai India Department of Computer Science&Engineering Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science Chennai India

If adversaries were to obtain quantum computers in the future, their massive computing power would likely break existing security schemes. Since security is a continuous process, more substantial security schemes must be developed. Current PQC schemes primarily focus on data security or key exchange, and further improvement towards enhanced PQC primitives is required. Our proposal in this research is an innovative paradigm for PQC-focused cloud data security. The proposed HEDT approach achieves encryption and decryption with significantly lower latency (20% improvement) and higher reliability than AES, DES, and RSA, as demonstrated through experimental results. Furthermore, ECSIDH, a hybrid key exchange mechanism combining SIDH and ECDH, improves security strength by 50% while maintaining computational costs within 1.13x of SIDH. Compared to individual key exchange schemes like SIDH, ECSIDH offers superior security as a PQC candidate. These results confirm the robustness and efficiency of the proposed framework in ensuring secure data outsourcing and key exchange in cloud environments. © 2025 Slovene Society Informatika. All rights reserved.

关键词： Quantum computers

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An IoT-Based Monitoring System for Detecting Slope Movement

An IoT-Based Monitoring System for Detecting Slope Movement

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Geotechnical Frontiers 2025: Geotechnics of Natural Hazards

作者： Alam, Md. Jobair Bin Manzano, Luis Salgado Debnath, Rahul Ahmed, Ahmed Abdelmoamen Williams, Synia Hartsfield, Markus Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering Prairie View A&M Univ. TX United States Dept. of Computer Science TX United States Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering TX United States

ISBN: (数字)9780784485996

Shallow landslides pose significant hazards to communities, infrastructure, and natural ecosystems, particularly in regions with steep slopes and vulnerable soil conditions. The slope movement naturally occurs slower depending on environmental conditions and man-made activities and is often triggered by climatic conditions such as precipitation and temperature fluctuations. The initial movement of the slope remains unsighted as the overall earthen slopes’ performance seems satisfactory. However, the initial movement of the slope eventually causes major failure. Therefore, it is crucial to monitor and detect slope movements in real-time, particularly for slopes prone to failure or steep, and timely actions should be taken for the durability and resilience of the earthen slopes. However, monitoring each slope in real-time is a challenging task. This study aimed to develop a distributed sensing system, including slope movement and hydrologic responses executing on the Internet of Things (IoT) at a prototype slope. The proposed system uses various IoT sensors, including tilt sensors and hydrologic sensors, such as moisture sensors and tensiometers, to build a laboratory prototype embankment (0.55 m length, 0.31 m width, and 0.31 m height). The embankment prototype was constructed with Fat Clay (CH). An IoT-integrated data processing and computational system was developed. The experimental results showed that our system could detect negligible movement rotation (0.03°) of slopes. The study’s outcome indicated that our IoT-based slope monitoring system can be cheap and implementable for failure-prone slopes in the field for an effective monitoring system. © ASCE.

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Quantum Network Routing with Heterogeneous Nodes 17

Quantum Network Routing with Heterogeneous Nodes

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17th International Conference on COMmunication Systems and NETworkS, COMSNETS 2025

作者： Pandey, Anoop Kumar Tamma, Bheemarjuna Reddy Rao, M.V. Panduranga IIT Hyderabad Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331531195

Deciding a route for the transfer of quantum information (namely, qubits) on a quantum network is a significant problem that is being studied extensively. In this work, we investigate the problem of routing on a quantum network of heterogeneous nodes both with and without fidelity and timing *** propose a Path Request Packet (PRP) based routing scheme for dynamically selecting a path that maximizes the overall probability of transmission success while maintaining fidelity above a threshold and adhering to time constraints. While the proposed scheme can perform suboptimally under fidelity and timing constraints, we discuss a straightforward proof of optimality in the absence of these constraints. Simulations on random graphs demonstrate that the PRP-based scheme performs better, both in terms of reliability and fidelity, than a non-trivial baseline routing algorithm. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Quantum electronics

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TurfIt: An Instant Turf Booking Application

TurfIt: An Instant Turf Booking Application

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2025 IEEE International Conference on Computational, Communication and Information Technology, ICCCIT 2025

作者： Rajeswari, A.M. Tamilselvan, V. Abishek, M.R.P. Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Velammal College of Engineering and Technology Madurai India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331512965

As sports grow in popularity need for effective online turf booking applications has also increased. Although some existing applications are faced with numerous challenges such as;restrictions on access, ineffectiveness in scheduling, and over-bookings, leading to frustrations and operational problems. This paper focuses on those problems by the presentation of an online turf booking application to streamline the booking process. The solution offers real-time updates, automatic payment, and safe transactions based on QR code. The more user-friendly the application is, the more efficient it will be. Firebase would be used for real-time data synchronization and the responsiveness of React interface ensures the smooth and conflict-free bookings. This solution would lead to increasing customer satisfaction as well as increasing the booking rates and effective utilization of sports facilities. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Customer satisfaction

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ENHANCING E-HEALTH CYBERSECURITY AND RESILIENCE: SHIFTING FROM MONOLITHIC TO MICROSERVICES ARCHITECTURE

UPB Scientific Bulletin, Series C: Electrical Engineering an...

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UPB Scientific Bulletin, Series C: Electrical engineering and computer science 2025年第1期87卷 21-34页

作者： Contașel, Cristian Rughiniș, Răzvan Trancă, Dumitru Cristian Țurcanu, Dinu Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest Romania Dep. of Software Engineering and Automatics Technical University of Moldova Chișinău Moldova

This study provides an innovative architectural model for e-Health systems that aims to improve cyber resilience while maintaining high availability under fluctuating traffic loads. We examined typical cybersecurity incidents in the field of e-Health, their correlations with architectural defects, and frequent design patterns in currently operational systems. A testing approach based on our research finds those weaknesses and proposes viable fixes. In this paper, a comprehensive support strategy for transitioning from conventional monolithic architectures to microservices is presented. This change makes use of cloud computing's vertical and horizontal scalability to maximize resource utilization while ensuring system reliability. We also discuss deployment ideas for the new microservices, focusing on operational resilience and cybersecurity in e-Health environments. © 2025, Politechnica University of Bucharest. All rights reserved.

关键词： Electronic health record

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