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Dynamic Resilient Graph Games for State-Dependent Jamming Attacks Analysis on Multi-Agent systems

IFAC-PapersOnLine 2020年第2期53卷 3421-3426页

作者： Yurid Nugraha Ahmet Cetinkaya Tomohisa Hayakawa Hideaki Ishii Quanyan Zhu Dept. of Systems and Control Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo 152-8552 Japan Information Systems Architecture Science Research Division National Institute of Informatics Tokyo 101-8430 Japan Dept. of Computer Science Tokyo Insitute of Technology Yokohama 226-8502 Japan Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering New York University Brooklyn NY 11201 USA

A cybersecurity problem for a multi-agent consensus problem is investigated through a dynamic game formulation. Specifically, we consider a game repeatedly played between a jamming attacker and a defender. The attacker attempts to jam the links between a number of agents to delay their consensus. On the other hand, the defender tries to maintain the connection between agents by attempting to recover some of the jammed links with the goal of achieving faster consensus. In each game, the players decide which links to attack/recover and for how long to continue doing so based on a Lyapunov-like function representing the largest difference between the states of the agents. We analyze the subgame perfect equilibrium of the game and obtain an upper bound of the consensus time that is influenced by the strategies of the players. The results are illustrated with a numerical example.

关键词： Multi-agent systems Consensus problem Game theory Cybersecurity

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Warp-level divergence in GPUs: Characterization, impact, and mitigation

Warp-level divergence in GPUs: Characterization, impact, and...

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IEEE Symposium on High-Performance computer architecture

作者： Ping Xiang Yi Yang Huiyang Zhou Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering North Carolina State University Raleigh NC USA Dept. of Computing Systems Architecture NEC Laboratories America Princeton NJ USA

High throughput architectures rely on high thread-level parallelism (TLP) to hide execution latencies. In state-of-art graphics processing units (GPUs), threads are organized in a grid of thread blocks (TBs) and each TB contains tens to hundreds of threads. With a TB-level resource management scheme, all the resource required by a TB is allocated/released when it is dispatched to / finished in a streaming multiprocessor (SM). In this paper, we highlight that such TB-level resource management can severely affect the TLP that may be achieved in the hardware. First, different warps in a TB may finish at different times, which we refer to as `warp-level divergence'. Due to TB-level resource management, the resources allocated to early finished warps are essentially wasted as they need to wait for the longest running warp in the same TB to finish. Second, TB-level management can lead to resource fragmentation. For example, the maximum number of threads to run on an SM in an NVIDIA GTX 480 GPU is 1536. For an application with a TB containing 1024 threads, only 1 TB can run on the SM even though it has sufficient resource for a few hundreds more threads. To overcome these inefficiencies, we propose to allocate and release resources at the warp level. Warps are dispatched to an SM as long as it has sufficient resource for a warp rather than a TB. Furthermore, whenever a warp is completed, its resource is released and can accommodate a new warp. This way, we effectively increase the number of active warps without actually increasing the size of critical resources. We present our lightweight architectural support for our proposed warp-level resource management. The experimental results show that our approach achieves up to 76.0% and an average of 16.0% performance gains and up to 21.7% and an average of 6.7% energy savings at minor hardware overhead.

关键词： Registers Instruction sets Resource management Benchmark testing Graphics processing units Kernel Clocks

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Real-time signal processing in a collision avoidance radar system using parallel computing 7th

Real-time signal processing in a collision avoidance radar s...

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7th International Conference on High-Performance Computing and Networking, HPCN Europe 1999

作者： Reijns, G.L. Van Gemund, A.J.C. Schier, J. Dept. of Information Technology and Systems Lab. of Computer Architecture and Digital Technique Delft University of Technology Netherlands Inst. of Information Theory and Automation Czech Academy of Sciences Czechia Int. Research Inst. for Telecom-transmission and Radar Delft University of Technology Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)3540658211

COLARADO (an acronym for collision avoidance radar able to distinguish obstacles) is a system for use in the control of autonomously driven vehicles, having static radar antennas. By combining the echos, resulting from 2 continuously emitting transmitters and 3 receivers, it is possible to compute the locations of obstacles in 3 dimensions. The main problem is to separate the real obstacles from ghosts amongst noise and clutter, up to a distance of 12.8 m. This paper discusses the signal processing algorithms as well as the related real-time parallel computer hardware and system software. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1999.

关键词： computer hardware

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Weight Sparsity Complements Activity Sparsity in Neuromorphic Language Models

Weight Sparsity Complements Activity Sparsity in Neuromorphi...

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2024 International Conference on Neuromorphic systems, ICONS 2024

作者： Mukherji, Rishav Schone, Mark Nazeer, Khaleelulla Khan Mayr, Christian Kappel, David Subramoney, Anand Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani Goa Campus Goa India TU Dresden Highly-Parallel VLSI-Systems and Neuro-Microelectronics Dresden Germany Dresden Germany with Human-in-the-Loop Dresden Germany Ruhr University Bochum Institut für Neuroinformatik Germany Royal Holloway University of London Dept. of Computer Science Egham United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368659

Activity and parameter sparsity are two standard methods of making neural networks computationally more efficient. Event-based architectures such as spiking neural networks (SNNs) naturally exhibit activity sparsity, and many methods exist to sparsify their connectivity by pruning weights. While the effect of weight pruning on feed-forward SNNs has been previously studied for computer vision tasks, the effects of pruning for complex sequence tasks like language modeling are less well studied since SNNs have traditionally struggled to achieve meaningful performance on these tasks. Using a recently published SNN-like architecture that works well on small-scale language modeling, we study the effects of weight pruning when combined with activity sparsity. Specifically, we study the tradeoff between the multiplicative efficiency gains the combination affords and its effect on task performance for language modeling. To dissect the effects of the two sparsities, we conduct a comparative analysis between densely activated models and sparsely activated event-based models across varying degrees of connectivity sparsity. We demonstrate that sparse activity and sparse connectivity complement each other without a proportional drop in task performance for an event-based neural network trained on the Penn Treebank and WikiText-2 language modeling datasets. Our results suggest sparsely connected event-based neural networks are promising candidates for effective and efficient sequence modeling. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Modeling languages

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Affine-NoC: Multi-ring NoCs exploiting long physical links

Affine-NoC: Multi-ring NoCs exploiting long physical links

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International Workshop on Network on Chip architectures, NoCArc

作者： Enrique Vallejo Evangelos Mageiropoulos Nikolaos Chrysos Manolis G.H. Katevenis Computer Science Dept. Universidad de Cantabria Spain Santander Spain Computer Architecture and VLSI Systems (CARV) Laboratory Foundation for Research and Technology – Hellas (FORTH) Heraklion Greece

ISBN: (数字)9798331506421

ISBN: (纸本)9798331506438

Routerless multi-ring proposals are low-cost NoCs that employ multiple independent rings, avoiding any crossbars or arbitration mechanisms. Their complexity lies on the selection of the set of rings to connect all the nodes. Previous proposals result in unbalanced designs with high hop *** work introduces Affine-NoC, a balanced routerless NoC based on a novel arrangement of rings derived from the Affine Plane. Affine-NoC exploits express channels to connect distant processing elements, allowing for a completely balanced layout of the set of rings and a reduction in average distance and diameter without sacrificing bisection *** shows that Affine-NoC presents a balanced design with a low number of rings per node and reduced complexity, similar cost to previous proposals in terms of aggregated link length, while it simplifies the multiplex units and reduces the hop count. Simulation results show that Affine-NoC reduces hop count and average latency by 76% and 20.5% respectively compared to previous designs, it reduces deflections by 27% and avoids unfairness, making it a feasible alternative for multi-ring routerless NoCs.

关键词： Multiplexing Network topology Flow production systems Simulation Layout computer architecture Complexity theory Topology Proposals Logic

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Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks on Reconfigurable Hardware 1

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1000年

作者： Li-minn Ang Kah Phooi Seng Li Wern Chew Lee Seng Yeong Wai Chong Chia

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Development of Training System and Practice Contents for Cybersecurity Education

Development of Training System and Practice Contents for Cyb...

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IIAI International Conference on Advanced Applied Informatics (IIAIAAI)

作者： Sanggyu Shin Yoichi Seto Yosuke Kasai Rituna Ka Daishi Kuroki Shinichi Toyoda Koji Hasegawa Kazuhiro Midorikawa Dept. of Applied Computer Engineering TOKAI University Hiratsuka-shi Japan Master Program of Information Systems Architecture Advanced Institute of Industrial Technology Tokyo Japan Master Program of Information Systems Architecture Advanced Institute of Industrial Technology

ISBN: (纸本)9781728126289

In this paper, we propose a cybersecurity exercise system in a virtual computer environment. The human resource development for security fields is an urgent issue because of the threat of cyber-attacks, recently, is increasing, many incidents occurring, but there is a not enough security personnel to respond. Some universities and companies are conducting education using a commercial training system on the market. However, built and operates the training system is expensive, therefore difficult to use in higher education institutions and SMEs. However, to build and operates, the training system needs high cost, thus difficult to use in higher education institutions and SMEs. For this reason, we developed the CyExec: a cybersecurity exercise system consisting of a virtual computer environment using VirtualBox and Docker. We also implemented the WebGoat that is an OSS vulnerability diagnosis and learning program on the CyExec and developed an attack and defense exercise program.

关键词： computer science education educational institutions further education security of data Educational institutions Continuing Education Data Security computer science education Network security higher education institute SUPERCONDUCTING MAGNETIC ENERGY STORAGE Security Personnel Training Functional training

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Development of an Ontology for Bulgarian Soil Types

Development of an Ontology for Bulgarian Soil Types

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Automatics and Informatics (ICAI), International Conference

作者： Asya Stoyanova-Doycheva Sebiha Madanska Sheban Bilyanov Dept. of Computer Systems University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendarski” Plovdiv Bulgaria IICT Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Sofia Bulgaria Dept. of Residential Buildings University of Architecture Civil Engineering and Geodesy Sofia Bulgaria

The article presents the development of an ontology for the Taxonomic List of Soils in Bulgaria (according to the FAO World System). In addition to soil types, the ontology includes knowledge about the different agro-climatic regions in Bulgaria that are suitable for cultivating various agricultural crops. The ontology is part of the knowledge base of the ZEMELA platform for smart agriculture.

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BC4ECO - Using Visual Tools for a Shared Understanding and Pedagogical Approach across an Interdisciplinary Consortium

BC4ECO - Using Visual Tools for a Shared Understanding and P...

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IEEE Annual International computer Software and Applications Conference (COMPSAC)

作者： Andy Peruccon Roisin Lyons Amalia de Gotzen Tiziana Margaria Luca Simeone dept. of Architecture Design and Media Technology Aalborg University Copenhagen Denmark Kemmy Business School University of Limerick Limerick Ireland Dept. of Computer Science and Information Systems University of Limerick Limerick Ireland

Effective communication is crucial when working on complex or wicked problems in interdisciplinary, international teams. Developing a shared understanding of critical concepts and aligning knowledge, focus, and resources can be problematic when stakeholders speak different languages, span several disciplines and work within different national or industry-based norms. Using visual tools to represent critical concepts and their relations, and map out our strategic goals has greatly helped combat such issues. This paper recounts the use and impact of adopting visual tools within the transnational and interdisciplinary collaborative environment in the BC4ECO project's international consortium. The Miro Board and the canvas approach greatly helped represent, visualise, and thus concretise the structure and contents of our collaboration, which takes place within a 3 years ERASMUS+ framework that builds and delivers Summer School, MOOCS as well as teacher and multiplier events about harnessing the potential of Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLTs) for environmental sustainability. As the materials and MOOCS are expected to become Open Education Resources and have a wide impact, it is particularly crucial to get the contents as well as the pedagogy right, in spite of the team's differences in almost any dimension of background and culture.

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Application of image processing to measure road distresses

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WSEAS Transactions on Information Science and Applications 2008年第1期5卷 1-7页

作者： Rajab, Maher I. Alawi, Mohammad H. Saif, Mohammed A. Computer Engineering Dept. College of Computer and Information Systems University of Umm Al-Qura P.O. Box 5555 Makkah Saudi Arabia Civil Engineering Dept. College of Engineering and Islamic Architecture University of Umm Al-Qura P.O. Box 5555 Makkah Saudi Arabia

Pavements usually experience different types of distress due to repeated traffic loads, aggressive environmental conditions, construction materials, soil condition of the underline subgrade, and the method of construction. Longitudinal and transverse cracking, potholes, rutting, and bleeding are common examples of such distresses associated with flexible pavements. As time progresses, the severity of these distreaaes increases and consequently, ride quality is adversely affected. Early detection and measurement of the extent of distresses coupled with prompt reactive measures are necessary to keep the pavement function at an acceptable level. Traditional methods for distress detection and measurement are laborious, time consuming, and subject the involved personnel to accidents. In contrast, image measurement methods are effortless, safe, and can be performed in a short time. This research paper performs image processing measurements to estimate areas of a pothole and alligator cracking, and sets a program for plane measurements of an area that experience rutting. The image measurements are compared with the traditional measurements. The results show that image measurements are close to those obtained by using the traditional methods.

关键词： Traffic signals

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