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IEEE International Conference on computer-Aided Design

作者： A. Gupta J.P. Hayes Dept. of Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci. Michigan Univ. Ann Arbor MI USA Advanced Computer Architecture Laboratory Department of Electrical Engr. and Computer ScienceAdvanced Computer University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA

We address the problem of CMOS cell width minimization in the general two-dimensional (2-D) layout style and propose a novel technique based on integer linear programming (ILP) to solve it exactly. We formulate a 0-1 ILP model whose solution minimizes cell width along with the routing complexity across the diffusion rows. We present experimental results that evaluate the performance of two ILP solvers that have very different solution methods, and assess the effect of the number of rows on cell width. Runtimes for optimal layouts are in seconds for cells with up to 20 transistors. For larger cells, we propose a practical circuit pre-processing scheme that dramatically reduces the run time with little or no loss in optimality.

关键词： Linear programming Circuits Routing Minimization Adders Wires Shape control computer architecture computer science Semiconductor device modeling

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European mobile communications on the move

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IEEE COMMUNICATIONS MAGAZINE 1996年第2期34卷 60-&页

作者： daSilva, JS Barani, B ArroyoFernandez, B European Commission Ecole Polytechnique Montreal Que. Canada Dept. of Syst. Eng. and Comp. Sci. Carleton University Ottawa Ont. Canada Ministry of Communications Canada Intl. Telecommunications Union HF Broadcasting Planning System R. and D. Programs Europ. Comm. RACE and ACTS programs Ecl. Natl. Sup. Telecom. de Bretagne IBM Systems Network Architecture European Space Agency DG XIII-B of the European Commission RACE and ACTS Projects Polytechnic University of Madrid Spain George Washington University Europ. Co-operative R. D. Programs Satcom Centre of Telefónica Guadalajara Mexico Comsat Labs. ITT Laboratories of Spain

A brief summary of the main activities performed under the RACE program in the field of mobile communications is presented, In particular, the technological studies and development have been outlined, showing that work has significantly progressed with major systems performance results already available from the various testbeds developed and coordinated by the projects. In parallel, possible evolution paths from second to third generation systems have been presented, together with regulatory trends, Beyond the technological work performed under the RACE program, it is hoped that the new ACTS program will further the progress in developing wireless technologies while paying progressively growing attention to the development of a strategic vision of mobile and personal communications beyond the year 2000. Finally, a brief presentation of the ACTS program has shown that the coming years should be devoted to services validation through active user involvement in field trials. The results are expected to he of great use to potential operators, providing them the possibility of testing user acceptance of broadband mobile services. Future mobile communications systems will need to provide users with broadband capabilities and advanced services, allowing for seamless provision across fixed and mobile networks.

关键词： Mobile communication Multiaccess communication Time division multiple access Intelligent networks Asynchronous transfer mode Databases Telecommunication standards Software testing Europe Standardization

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system modeling, performance analysis, and evolutionary prototyping with hardware description languages 3

System modeling, performance analysis, and evolutionary prot...

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3rd International Workshop on Modeling, Analysis, and Simulation of computer and Telecommunication systems, MASCOTS 1995

作者： Mohanty, S. Krishnaswamy, V. Wilsey, P.A. Dept. of Electr. and Comput. Eng. Computer Architecture Design Laboratory Department of ECE Univ. of Cincinnati PO Box 210030 CincinnatiOH45221-0030 United States University of Illinois UrbanaIL United States

ISBN: (纸本)0818669020

Performance modeling, simulation and analysis of the system behavior through virtual prototyping, form the core steps of the system design process. Past CAD support to link the high level conceptual modeling phase with the implementation phase has been virtually non-existent. In this paper, we describe our work to use VHDL to build design libraries that support conceptual modeling. These library components can be instantiated for rapid prototyping, simulation, and performance analysis. They include high level structures to allow construction of system models containing both interpreted and uninterpreted components. This helps in creating a strong design environment in VHDL which can support the entire design cycle. In addition, the design libraries have been linked with a graphical design environment. This graphical environment provides a single framework in which the designer can (i) build the design, (ii) simulate the design for correctness, and (iii) visualize performance results and capacity measures. © 1995 IEEE.

关键词： computer hardware description languages

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Accuracy of filtered traces

Accuracy of filtered traces

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International Phoenix Conference on computers and Communications (IPCCC)

作者： S.K. Das E.E. Johnson Klipsch Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng. New Mexico State Univ. Las Cruces NM USA Parallel Architecture Research Laboratory Klipsch Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering New Mexico State University USA

Reducing the size of large address traces by "filtering" them through a small direct-mapped cache is a useful technique for making more efficient use of both secondary storage and processors used for trace-driven simulation. However, when filtered traces are used to drive cache simulators, the distortion introduced by such filtering can produce substantial errors in the miss ratios obtained, despite earlier reports to the contrary. We present the results of a systematic study of such errors, including a model for compensating for some errors.< >

关键词： computer errors Information filtering Information filters Computational modeling computer simulation Cache memory Parallel architectures Laboratories Cache storage Drives

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An Intelligent Data Carrier system for Local Communication Between Cooperative Multiple Mobile Robots and Environment

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 1995年第11期28卷 349-354页

作者： Thomas von Numers Hajime Asama Takanori Fujita Shin’ya Kotosaka Sakae Miyao Hayato Kaetsu Isao Endo Dept. of Computer Science Helsinki University of Technology Espoo Finland The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN) Hirosawa 2-1 Wako-shi. Saitama 351-01 Japan Dept. of Mechanical Eng. Toyo University Kujirai-Nakanodai 2100. Kawagoe-shi Saitama 350 Japan Graduate School of Science and Eng. Saitama University. Shimo-Ohkubo 225. Urawa. Saitama 338 JAPAN Sigma System Co. Ltd. Nakagosho 1-5-1 Nagano-shi Nagano 380 JAPAN

This paper presents an intelligent communication device called IDC (Intelligent Data Carrier) designed for local communication within a distributed system with multiple mobile robots. The IDC system is designed as a complement to an existing radio communication system. and is intended to decrease the need for global coordinative communication by providing distributed local inter-robot communication and a local information management function. The IDC system utilizes RF-ID (Radio Frequency Identification) electromagnetic wave transmission for communication, and the units are equipped with a data processing unit and a power unit to allow intelligent autonomous operation. As a result of the autonomy and the portability of the units, the IDC system does not only reduce the load on the global communication system, but it also provides a distribution of intelligent communication devices that enable a variety of interesting robot-environment communication capabilities. In a first example of utilization, the IDC system is used to replace the centralized control in an object transportation system consisting of multiple mobile robots.

关键词： autonomous mobile robots co-operation communication systems

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LIGHTNING: a scalable dynamically reconfigurable hierarchical WDM network for high-performance clustering 95

LIGHTNING: a scalable dynamically reconfigurable hierarchica...

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International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing

作者： P.W. Dowd J.A. Perreault J.C. Chu D.C. Hoffmeister D. Crouse High Performance Computer System Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering State University of New York University at Buffalo Buffalo NY USA University at Buffalo - The State University of New York Buffalo NY US Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng. State Univ. of New York Buffalo NY USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780818670886

LIGHTNING is a dynamically reconfigurable WDM network testbed project for supercomputer interconnection. This paper describes a hierarchical WDM-based optical network testbed that is being constructed to interconnect a large number of supercomputers and to create a distributed shared memory environment. The objective of the hierarchical architecture is to achieve scalability yet avoiding the requirement of multiple waveleng.h tunable devices per node. Furthermore, single-hop all-optical communication is achieved: a packet remains in the optical form from source to destination and does not require intermediate routing. The waveleng.h multiplexed hierarchical structure features waveleng.h channel re-use at each level, allowing scalability to very large system sizes. It partitions the traffic between different levels of the hierarchy without electronic intervention in a combination of waveleng.h- and space-division multiplexing. A significant advantage of this approach is its ability to dynamically vary the bandwidth provided to different levels of the hierarchy. Each node in LIGHTNING receives traffic on n channels in an n-level hierarchy, one channel for each level. Each node monitors the traffic intensities on each channel and can detect any temporal or spatial shift in traffic balance. LIGHTNING can dynamically reconfigure to balance the traffic at each level by moving waveleng.hs associated with each level up or down depending on need. Bandwidth re-allocation is completely decentralized-any node can initiate it, achieving highly fault tolerant system behavior. This paper describes the system architecture, network and memory interface, and the optical devices that have been developed in this project.

关键词： Lightning Waveleng.h division multiplexing WDM networks Testing Supercomputers Scalability Bandwidth Telecommunication traffic Optical fiber networks Optical interconnections

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Interactive navigation inside 3D radiological images

Interactive navigation inside 3D radiological images

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Biomedical Visualization

作者： M.L. Brady W.E. Higgins K. Ramaswamy R. Srinivasan Departments of Computer Science and Engineering Electrical Engineering and Bioengineering Pennslyvania State University University Park PA USA Pennsylvania State University University Park PA US Dept. of Comput. Sci. & Eng. Pennsylvania State Univ. University Park PA USA Institute of System Sciences National University of Singapore Singapore

Many radiological imaging scanners generate high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) images. For complex anatomical regions such as the lungs and heart, these images can be used for interactive navigation inside the anatomy. The 3D image can act as a "virtual environment" representing the anatomy, and a computer-based system can be used for navigating through the environment. But such navigation must occur at interactive speeds if it is to be practical. This demands fast volume rendering from arbitrary viewpoints. The authors present an inexpensive fast volume rendering method that can generate sequences of views at interactive speeds. The method forms part of a system that permits dynamic navigation through 3D radiological images. The authors provide pictorial and numerical results for 3D pulmonary analysis.

关键词： Radio navigation Rendering (computer graphics) Anatomy computer science Biomedical eng.neering High-resolution imaging Lungs Heart Visualization Anatomical structure

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Evaluation of multiple access scheduling for moving picture information

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systemS AND computerS IN JAPAN 1995年第13期26卷 12-20页

作者： Fujii, H Sakurai, N Ishikawa, A Member NTT Information and Communication Systems Laboratories Yokosuka Japan 238 Received his B.E. and M.S. degrees in 1989 and 1991 respectively from Kyoto Univ. and affiliated with NIT. Presently engaged in research on multiple access system for moving picture data. Received his B.E. degree in 1979 from Dept. Electrical Eng. Waseda Univ. and affiliatedwith NIT. Engaged in research on hierarchical memory configuration for large-scale computers and development of memory devices. Member Inf. Proc. Soc. Nonmember Received his B.E. degree in 1980 from Nihon Univ. and affiliated with NTT. Dispatched to New Generation Computer Dev. Org. in 1989–1990 and engaged mostly in research on dedicated processor configuration. Presently engaged in research on video data server. Member Inf. Proc Soc. and the Institute of Television Engineers of Japan.

In the multiple access to moving picture data, there must be the simultaneous realization of the guarantee for the data transfer retaining the real-time property, the fast response to the manipulation, and high multiplicity. For this purpose, there must be a multiple access scheduling method satisfying those requirements. In the first prototype of the video-on-demand server constructed by the authors, the fixed time-slot scheduling (FTSS) is used. This system attempts to satisfy those requirements by utilizing the feature of the moving picture data that the access is continuous for the time interval of approximately one scene. FTSS, however, has a problem in that the efficiency is low, since the scheduling is made based on the worst timing of the mechanical operation, such as the varying the seek time and the rotational latency depending on the position of the disk access. This paper discusses the variable time-slot scheduling (VTSS), which executes the scheduling based on the average time of the mechanical operation, and analyzes the efficiency. As a result of the analysis, it is seen that the multiplicity of VTSS is improved more remarkably with the improvement of the disk performance. In other words, the application can be expected to the video server in the future.

关键词： moving picture multiple access scheduling disk video-on-demand

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A DICTIONARY RETRIEVAL ALGORITHM USING 2 TRIE STRUCTURES

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systemS AND computerS IN JAPAN 1995年第2期26卷 85-97页

作者： MORIMOTO, K IRIGUCHI, H AOE, J Member Faculty of Engineering Tokushima University Tokushima Japan 770 Jun-ichi Aoe received his B.E. and M.E. degrees in 1974 and 1976 respectively from Tokushima Univ. where he was a Research Associate in the Dept. Inf. Fac. Eng. received his Ph.D. later. Presently Prof. Intel. Inf. He is engaged in research on compiler generation system and highly efficient pattern matching algorithm. Presently interestedin natural language processing especially understanding system. He is the author of “Computer Algorithms- Key Search Strategies” IEEE CS Press. Best Author Award 1992 Inf. Proc. Soc. Member Inf. Proc. Soc. Jap. Soc. Artif. Intel. Jap. Software Sci. Jap. Jap. Soc. Mach. Transl. IEEE ACM and AAAI.

The trie has the feature that the retrieval can be executed with the character symbols composing the key as the unit, and a high-speed retrieval is realized independently of the total number of keys. Consequently, it used frequently in the search of the natural language dictionary and in other problems. A problem, however, is that the number of trie states increases with the enlargement of the key set, which necessitates a larger memory capacity. To remedy this point, DAWG (Directed Acyclic Word-Graph) is proposed, where the common suffix of the tries is compressed. Then, a new problem arises in that the record information cannot be determined uniquely for the key. For this problem, this paper introduces a new structure, where the number of states is reduced by merging the common suffixes of the tries, while determining uniquely the record information for the key. The algorithm for retrieval, insertion and deletion of the key is proposed for the structure. In the proposed method, the set of keys is represented using two tries. One of the tries memorizes the prefix of the minimum leng.h that can discriminate uniquely between the key from other keys. The other trie stores the suffixes of the remaining keys in order to merge the common suffix. A simulation is executed for various sets of keys such as Chinese character called Kanji, alphabets and Japanese Katakana characters, and it is seen that the number of states is reduced by approximately 30 to 65 percent for the key set of 50,000 words, compared to the ordinary trie.

关键词： NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING TRIE STRUCTURE SEARCHING TECHNIQUE DICTIONARY SEARCHING

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Brains for autonomous robots: Hardware and surgery tools

Brains for autonomous robots: Hardware and surgery tools

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1994 From Perception to Action Conference, PerAc 1994

作者： Beng.sson, Lars Svensson, Bertil Wiberg, Per-Ame Halmstad University Centre for Computer Architecture HalmstadS-301 18 Sweden Chalmers Univ. Of Technology Dept. Of Computer Eng. GothenburgS-412 96 Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)0818664827

This paper presents a hardware architecture and a software tool needed for future autonomous robots. Specific attention is given to the execution of artificial neural networks and to the need for a good inspection and visualization tool when developing this kind of systems. Achievable performance using state-of-the-art technology is estimated and module miniaturization issues are discussed. © 1994 IEEE.

关键词： Neural networks

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