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Measuring the impact of a high school intervention on students' attitudes in information technology: Validation and use of an attitude survey

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computers in Education Journal 2012年第2期22卷 2-13页

作者： Forssen, Anna Victoria Moskal, Barbara M. Harriger, Alka R. Math and Computer Science Dept. Colorado School of Mines United States Computer and Information Technology Department 2 Purdue University United States

Attracting and retaining women and minorities in science, technology, engineering and mathematic (STEM) fields is a common challenge faced by today's universities. In response, various projects that are underway across the nation seek to increase these groups' interests in and, hopefully, their eventual participation in STEM. A challenge to these efforts has been measuring, in the short term, the impact of educational programs on students' interests with respect to STEM fields. Many of the current attitude surveys are outdated or have limited validity. This paper describes the validation of an attitude survey which was designed to measure high school students' attitudes with respect to the field of information technology (IT). The attitude survey contains two researcher-defined factors: general interest in IT and perception of gender stereotypes in IT. The attitude survey successfully captured differences in students' attitudes across year of program implementation and ethnicity in a high school IT educational program.

关键词： Surveys

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On left and right seeds of a string

On left and right seeds of a string

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作者： Christou, Michalis Crochemore, Maxime Guth, Ondrej Iliopoulos, Costas S. Pissis, Solon P. King's College London Dept. of Informatics United Kingdom Czech Technical University in Prague Faculty of Information Technology Dept. of Theoretical Computer Science Czech Republic Curtin University Digital Ecosystems and Business Intelligence Institute Center for Stringology and Applications Australia Université Paris-Est France

We consider the problem of finding the repetitive structure of a given string y of length n. A factor u of y is a cover of y, if every letter of y lies within some occurrence of u in y. A string v is a seed of y, if it is a cover of a superstring of y. A left seed of y is a prefix of y, that is a cover of a superstring of y. Similarly, a right seed of y is a suffix of y, that is a cover of a superstring of y. An integer array LS is the minimal left-seed (resp. maximal left-seed) array of y, if LS[i] is the minimal (resp. maximal) length of left seeds of y[0.i]. The minimal right-seed (resp. maximal right-seed) array RS of y is defined in a similar fashion. In this article, we present linear-time algorithms for computing all left and right seeds of y, a linear-time algorithm for computing the minimal left-seed array of y, a linear-time solution for computing the maximal left-seed array of y, an O(nlogn)-time algorithm for computing the minimal right-seed array of y, and a linear-time solution for computing the maximal right-seed array of y. All algorithms use linear auxiliary space. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Clustering algorithms

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Machine learning algorithms with co-occurrence based term association for text mining 4th

Machine learning algorithms with co-occurrence based term as...

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4th International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Communication Networks, CICN 2012

作者： Yi, YunFei Liu, Lijun Li, Cheng Hua Song, Wei Liu, Shuai Dept. of Computer Science and Information He Chi University YiZhou GuangXi 546300 China Dept. of Computer Science St. Francis Xavier University Antigonish NS B2G2W5 Canada School of Information Technology York University Toronto ON M3J 1P3 Canada School of IOT Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China Dept. of EI Engineering South Central University for Nationalities Wuhan Hubei 430074 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781467329811

In this paper, an effective method for computing term association from a text corpus is presented. Two machine learning algorithms are employed to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method for text mining. The co-occurrence based term association method is to overcome the problem of lack of relationship between words for keyword based text mining and improve the performance of text mining. The experiments are conducted on the standard Reuter-21578 data set and 20 news group data set. Different number of associated terms are compared in the experiments. Experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve better results on different machine learning algorithms when measured by F measure. © 2012 IEEE.

关键词： Learning systems

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Time-domain preamble-based SNR estimation for OFDM systems in doubly selective channels

Time-domain preamble-based SNR estimation for OFDM systems i...

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2012 IEEE Military Communications Conference, MILCOM 2012

作者： Yang, Fan Zhang, Xi Zhang, Zhong-Pei School of Communication and Information Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu 611731 China Networking and Information Systems Laboratory Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Texas A and M University College Station TX 77843 United States National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Communications University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu 611731 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781467317290

In wireless orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems, the knowledge of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) plays an important role for system optimization. Most of the exiting literatures have studied the SNR estimation for perfect synchronization in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels, or in frequency selective channels. However, the realistic channels are always doubly selective, and there may exist some residual symbol timing offset (STO) and carrier frequency offset (CFO) after coarse synchronization in the time domain. In this paper, we take these into account and propose a time-domain average SNR estimation scheme using one OFDM training symbol (preamble) which has been divided into multiple parts with equal length. Compared with the timedomain low-complexity SNR estimator (TLSE), our proposed time-domain preamble-based SNR estimator (TPSE) can not only be implemented in the presence of STO and CFO, but also generate more accurate SNR estimation for the channels with large Doppler shift. The estimated SNR value based on our scheme in the time-domain can be further reused to improve the ensuing CFO estimation and fine synchronization efficiently. © 2012 IEEE.

关键词： Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing

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Development of memorizing system with action selection based on consciousness and behavior of animal on robot systems

Development of memorizing system with action selection based...

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2012 21st IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication, RO-MAN 2012

作者： Jitviriya, Wisanu Yoshida, Motoki Tanaka, Kyoko Hayashi, Eiji Graduated School of Electrical Engineering King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok 10800 Thailand Graduated School of Computer Science and Systems Engineering Kyushu Institute of Technology 820-8502 Kyushu Japan Dept. of Mechanical Information Science and Technology Kyushu Institute of Technology 820-8502 Kyushu Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781467346054

This paper focuses on the development of interaction between humans and robots, we decided to give the robotic arm has a consciousness and an emotional behavior in the same way as humans and animals. Thus, we have developed the hierarchical structure model which is the relationship between consciousness field and behavior module. The model is called Consciousness-Base Architecture (CBA) that was combined with the motivation module. Moreover, the ability to learn and remember the situations, it is necessary to make for more intelligent robot. Thereby, we attempt to build a memory module in the robot system. The memory for such system needs to efficiently organize and recognize previous experience in order to retrieve the relevant data and compared with the current situation. In this paper, we present the evaluation function for autonomous action selection, the memory module has been built and the behavior of the robotic arm has been verified in the experiment. © 2012 IEEE.

关键词： Motivation

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Modeling semantic relations between visual attributes and object categories via Dirichlet Forest prior 12

Modeling semantic relations between visual attributes and ob...

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21st ACM International Conference on information and Knowledge Management, CIKM 2012

作者： Chen, Xin Hu, Xiaohua Zhou, Zhongna An, Yuan He, Tingting Park, E.K. College of Information Science and Technology Drexel University Philadelphia PA 19104 United States Dept. of ECE University of Missouri Columbia MO United States Dept. of Computer Science Central China Normal University Wuhan China California State University - Chico Chico CA 95929 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781450311564

In this paper, we deal with two research issues: the automation of visual attribute identification and semantic relation learning between visual attributes and object categories. The contribution is two-fold, firstly, we provide uniform framework to reliably extract both categorical attributes and depictive attributes. Secondly, we incorporate the obtained semantic associations between visual attributes and object categories into a text-based topic model and extract descriptive latent topics from external textual knowledge sources. Specifically, we show that in mining natural language descriptions from external knowledge sources, the relation between semantic visual attributes and object categories can be encoded as Must-Links and Cannot-Links, which can be represented by Dirichlet-Forest prior. To alleviate the workload of manual supervision and labeling in image categorization process, we introduce a semi-supervised training framework using soft-margin semi-supervised SVM classifier. We also show that the large-scale image categorization results can be significantly improved by combining automatically acquired visual attributes. Experimental results show that the proposed model achieves better ability in describing object-related attributes and makes the inferred latent topics more descriptive. © 2012 ACM.

关键词： Semantics

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GeoCAPTCHA — A novel personalized CAPTCHA using geographic concept to defend against 3rd Party Human Attack

GeoCAPTCHA — A novel personalized CAPTCHA using geographic ...

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IEEE International Conference on Performance, Computing and Communications (IPCCC)

作者： Te-En Wei Albert B. Jeng Hahn-Ming Lee Dept. of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan

A CAPTCHA (Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell computers and Humans Apart) is a scheme that can be used to distinguish human and robot such as malicious program. It has become the most widely used standard security technology to prevent automated computer program attacks, DoS attacks and Botnet. Thus, both Google and Microsoft use the text-based CAPTCHA for authenticated process. However, all text-based CAPTCHA has been broken due to the fact that it can't prevent Optical Character Recognition (OCR) attack which can automatically identify the CAPTCHA's words. Consequently, new kinds of CAPTCHAs have been proposed to solve this security hole. For example, image-based and audio-based CAPTCHA are new emerging schemes used to replace text-based CAPTCHA. However, a state-of-the-art attack called Human Attack could still defeat these CAPTCHA schemes. Human Attack means malicious industries hire the third party's humans to collude with the attackers in order to pass the CAPTCHA tests. In this paper, we propose a novel CAPTCHA scheme (GeoCAPTCHA) which utilizes the personalized contents such as geographic information to prevent the 3 rd Party Human Attack. Then, we conduct a security analysis of the usability and security of GeoCAPTCHA. Our simulation demonstrate that GeoCAPTCHA can enhance the performance and security of the Google and Microsoft's CATPCHA system with rotated 3D street-view image.

关键词： Humans Security computers Google Databases Hip Optical character recognition software

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Particle Swarm Optimization based technique for Network-on-Chip testing

Particle Swarm Optimization based technique for Network-on-C...

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International Conference on Emerging Applications of information technology (EAIT)

作者： Kanchan Manna Paras Khaitan Santanu Chattopadhyay Indranil Sengupta School of Information Technology Dept. of Electronics & Elect. Comm. Engg. Dept. of Computer Science Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur India

Network-on-Chip (NoC) has emerged as a viable solution for the modern SoC design. It has guaranteed the reusability, scalability and parallelism in communication. Reuse of NoC as a test access mechanism reduces the testing cost. In this paper we present a Particle Swarm Optimization based technique to solve the test scheduling problem of NoC. In this method we have considered deterministic routing to establish the path for each core. Experimental results show that our approach requires less test time compared to other heuristics.

关键词： System-on-a-chip Testing Particle swarm optimization Scheduling Processor scheduling Routing Very large scale integration

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Clinical clarity versus terminological order - The readiness of SNOMED CT concept descriptors for primary care

Clinical clarity versus terminological order - The readiness...

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2nd International Workshop on Managing Interoperability and Complexity in Health Systems, MIX-HS 2012, Collocated with the 21st ACM International Conference on information and Knowledge Management, CIKM 2012

作者： He, Zhe Halper, Michael Perl, Yehoshua Elhanan, Gai Computer Science Dept. NJIT Newark NJ 07102 United States Information Technology Department NJIT Newark NJ 07102 United States Halfpenny Technologies Inc. Blue Bell PA 19422 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781450317214

As SNOMED usage becomes more ingrained within applications, its range of concept descriptors, and particularly its synonym adequacy, becomes more important. A simulated clinical scenario involving various term-based concept searches is used to assess whether SNOMED's concept descriptors provide sufficient differentiation to enable possible concept selection between similar terms. Four random samples from different SNOMED concept populations are utilized. Of particular interest are concepts mapped duplicately into UMLS concepts due to shared term patterns. While overall synonym problems are rare (1%), some concept populations exhibited a high rate of potential problems for clinical use (17-62%). The vast majority of issues are due to SNOMED's inherent structure and fine granularity. Many findings hint at a lack of clear delineation between reference and interface terminological qualities. Closer attention should be given to practical clinical use-case scenarios. Reducing SNOMED's structural complexity may alleviate many of the described findings and encourage clinical adoption. Copyright © 2012 ACM.

关键词： Terminology

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Examining the accuracy and the precision of PDEs for FPGA computations

Examining the accuracy and the precision of PDEs for FPGA co...

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2012 13th International Workshop on Cellular Nanoscale Networks and their Applications, CNNA 2012

作者： Kiss, András Nagy, Zoltán Csík, Árpád Szolgay, Péter Computer and Automation Research Institute Hungarian Academy of Sciences Budapest Hungary Széchenyi István University Gyor Hungary Dept. Information Technology Pázmány Péter Catholic University Budapest Hungary

ISBN: (纸本)9781467302890

There are a large number of problems which can be accelerated by using architectures on Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA). However sometimes the complexity of a problem does not allow to map it onto a specific FPGA. In that case analysis of precision of the arithmetic unit which may solve the computational problem can be a good attempt to fit the architecture and to accelerate its computation. Numerical algorithm can be implemented using fixed-point or floating point arithmetic (or mixed (both)) with different precision. The aim of the article is not to optimize the numerical algorithm but to find a smaller arithmetic unit precision, which results enough accuracy and fits to smaller FPGA-s. In the paper, one particular problem type is investigated, namely the accuracy of the solution of a simple Partial Differential Equation (PDE). The accuracy measurement is done on an FPGA with different bit width. The solution of the advection equation is analyzed using first and second order discretization methods. As a result we managed to find an optimal bit width for the solution on a specific FPGA. © 2012 IEEE.

关键词： Field programmable gate arrays (FPGA)

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