This contribution describes new useful geometric transformations using the tensor product. The geometric transformations are used widely in many applications, especially in CAD/CAM systems, systems for Civil Engineeri...
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Audio signals being high-dimensional and complex pose challenges for classical machine learning techniques in terms of computation and generalization on real-world data. This paper evaluates the use of hybrid quantum-...
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ISBN:
(数字)9798350370249
ISBN:
(纸本)9798350370270
Audio signals being high-dimensional and complex pose challenges for classical machine learning techniques in terms of computation and generalization on real-world data. This paper evaluates the use of hybrid quantum-classical convolutional neural networks (QC-CNN) that leverage quantum effects like superposition and entanglement for audio classification using mel-spectrograms obtained from audio data. Evaluated on both small-sized and large-sized datasets, the proposed QC-CNN model gave comparable training accuracy with classical CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) on the smaller dataset but outperformed classical CNN on test accuracy ($\mathbf{95.04 \%}$ vs $\mathbf{92.88 \%}$) for a larger birdsong dataset and reduced overfitting, thus highlighting the potential advantages of QC-CNNs for audio data. The QC-CNN exhibited higher cross-entropy loss in case of the small-sized dataset which was further significantly reduced when evaluated on the large-sized birdsong dataset. The work demonstrates the application of QC-CNN for audio classification.
The advancement of automation technologies made lives simpler and easier in all aspects. In today's world, automated systems [1] are replacing manual systems progressively. In this paper, an overview of current an...
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Cataract is a common eye condition that causes clouding of the eye's natural lens, resulting in blurry vision and it is very common in older ages people. However, it can also occur in younger aged people due to va...
Cataract is a common eye condition that causes clouding of the eye's natural lens, resulting in blurry vision and it is very common in older ages people. However, it can also occur in younger aged people due to various genetical effects, diabetes, smoking, and prolonged exposure to sunlight. Cataracts can be treated through surgery to remove the clouded lens and replaced by an artificial one, which can significantly improve the vision. This problem can be reduced through early detection, regular eye examinations etc. In this research, a Contrast Limited Histogram Equalization (CLAHE) of retinal fundus images is applied for a better presentation of the above cataract effects. These improved images are fed to a machine learning-based model for effective detection. Finally, the ensembling of the proposed machine learning-based classifiers is performed for the accurate detection of cataracts. The proposed model was tested experimentally on a real dataset and achieves excellent performance with accuracy, precision, and recall scores of 99.67%, 100%, and 99.25%, respectively which outperform the baseline methods. The robustness of the proposed ensemble model is evaluated through 5-fold cross-validation and achieved an average accuracy of 99.6%. The implementation code can be accessed from the GitHub repository: https://***/nahid-tech/cataract-detection.
Bangladesh's economy is heavily dependent on agriculture, making the region an exceedingly crucial sector that requires great vigilance. In comparison to other vegetables, leafy greens have yet to garner as much a...
Bangladesh's economy is heavily dependent on agriculture, making the region an exceedingly crucial sector that requires great vigilance. In comparison to other vegetables, leafy greens have yet to garner as much attention as other crops that this study's large-scale analysis comes up with, particularly when categorizing readily available leafy vegetables and identifying the affected area and whether they are affected or not. Plant diseases can cause substantial losses in agricultural productivity, and many researchers are working to address the difficulties farmers encounter in identifying and treating these conditions while diagnosing their diseases. The purpose of this study is to develop a dependable and effective approach for classifying seven varieties of leafy vegetables and detecting seven types of plant diseases precisely in Bangladesh using machine learning and deep learning CNN models. To this end, this paper analyzed and provided solutions using a total of eight models: five classification models (VGG16, VGG19, ResNet50, YOLOv5, and YOLOv8) and three instance segmentation models (YOLOv5, YOLOv7, and YOLOv8). Two distinct datasets, “LeafyVclassify7BD” with 3306 images and “LeafyVdisease7BD” with 4493 images, were developed to classify leaves, segment the diseased area, and classify and detect damaged leaves. The research outputs will help strengthen the region's ability to control plant diseases more effectively while also cutting diagnostic costs and enhancing disease detection accuracy in the country's agricultural surroundings.
Climate change in simpler words means the change in the long-term average weather parameters. Climate change is an important issue because its causing imbalance in the environment and affects the lives of all flora an...
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ISBN:
(数字)9798331533311
ISBN:
(纸本)9798331533328
Climate change in simpler words means the change in the long-term average weather parameters. Climate change is an important issue because its causing imbalance in the environment and affects the lives of all flora and fauna. The climate change is due to many factors, but the major factor is the human activities which are leading to global warming over the past decades. Numerous studies consider analysis of continental or global data, providing the overall insights in climatic changes continentally or globally respectively. The approach in this paper considers regional analysis to provide better insights to the local people needs so they get adapted to the changes that are taking place. This provides a warning to the people to take preventive and precautionary measures. The dataset of Karnataka region from 1951 to 2020 is used to study the regional climate change pattern. The main objective of the paper is to analyze the climate change and extending in the future. The results show that there is a gradual increase of average mean surface air temperature and gradual decrease of the precipitation over each decade between the years 1951 to 2020. The trend line extending to 2040 by analyzing the historical data gives insights about the climate change in the near future. Understanding the historical data and the future predictions are very important to the policy makers, people and researchers so that effective planning can be done for adapting and decreasing the climate change patterns.
Class is one of the fundamental concepts of the object-oriented paradigm and has been scrutinized since the developers moved on from procedural programming design. In software fault prediction, the legalization of sof...
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Class is one of the fundamental concepts of the object-oriented paradigm and has been scrutinized since the developers moved on from procedural programming design. In software fault prediction, the legalization of software metrics is essential. As a handful of software metrics suites exist, it is a very hard task to predict the defective classes flawlessly using a particular set of metrics suites. However, it is a rational approach to use only the object-oriented metrics that are directly relatable to the class definitions in the code that helps the developers foresee the errors in defining the classes and minimize the errors as much as possible. This paper utilized twelve object-oriented metrics selected from various metrics suites. The dagging ensemble model is merged with three well-known classification algorithms (Naive Bayes, Multilayer Perceptron, J48 Decision Tree) individually and applied to twelve java projects. The study depicts that the proposed ensemble method gives improved outcomes that are statistically significant when merged with Naive Bayes and Multilayer Perceptron. The proposed ensemble method shows improvements up to 12.5% in accuracy and 15% in F-Score.
An earnings announcement report (EAR) contains the latest information about a company's financial situation and operating performance. Short-term stock price reacts strongly to such information. In this paper, to ...
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Clustering, to group similar objects, is an important problem. Recently deep learning-based methods like Deep Embedded Clustering (DEC) [6] and its semi-supervised version called Semi-supervised Deep Embedded Clusteri...
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Deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs), renowned for their high accuracy on clean datasets, remain notably vulnerable to adversarial attacks. This study assesses how the VGG16 and ResNet50 models withstand various ...
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ISBN:
(数字)9798350370249
ISBN:
(纸本)9798350370270
Deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs), renowned for their high accuracy on clean datasets, remain notably vulnerable to adversarial attacks. This study assesses how the VGG16 and ResNet50 models withstand various white-box attacks when used for traffic sign classification. Despite their impressive standard accuracy, our findings reveal that these accuracies do not predict robustness against attacks. Techniques such as the Fast Gradient Sign Method (FGSM) and Projected Gradient Descent (PGD) substantially lowered model accuracy, while DeepFool and Carlini & Wagner (C&W) attacks were even more disruptive. In particular, ResNet50 was more prone to these attacks, with its accuracy dropping to as low as $\mathbf{1 2. 8 5 \%}$ under DeepFool and $\mathbf{1 7. 4 2 \%}$ under C&W at specific confidence levels. Retraining models with adversarial examples did enhance their resilience to certain attacks but at the expense of reduced effectiveness on clean data. These results highlight the critical need for developing more robust defense mechanisms that protect CNNs against a wide array of adversarial threats without compromising performance on standard inputs.
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