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Advancing Medical Image Processing: A Comparative Analysis of ‘Naturalize’ and Traditional Augmentation Techniques for Enhanced Diagnostic Accuracy

Advancing Medical Image Processing: A Comparative Analysis o...

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Smart Systems and Power Management (IC2SPM), International Conference on

作者： Mohamad Abou Ali Fadi Dornaika Ali Cherry Ali Hage-Diab Dept. of Biomedical Engineering Lebanese International University Joub Jannine Beqaa Lebanon Dep.t of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) San Sebastian Spain

ISBN: (数字)9798331529796

ISBN: (纸本)9798331529802

Medical image augmentation is a cornerstone of enhancing the performance and generalization of machine learning models in the medical domain. Traditional augmentation techniques, including geometric transformations, intensity adjustments, and synthetic data generation, have been widely employed to diversify training datasets. However, these methods often fall short in creating realistic and clinically relevant variations. This paper introduces the “Naturalize” augmentation technique, a novel approach designed to generate more authentic and contextually accurate medical images. “Naturalize” leverages advanced segmentation models and composite image creation to produce realistic, high-quality images that closely resemble actual clinical scenarios. We provide a detailed comparative analysis of “Naturalize” against conventional augmentation techniques, including geometric and intensity transformations, noise addition, and synthetic data generation. Our evaluation encompasses its application in blood cell classification and skin cancer detection, demonstrating its effectiveness in enhancing diagnostic accuracy and model performance. Results indicate that “Naturalize” significantly improves image realism and classification metrics compared to traditional methods, offering a substantial advancement in medical image augmentation. This paper not only showcases the superior capabilities of “Naturalize” but also explores its broader applicability across various medical imaging tasks, paving the way for more robust and accurate machine learning models in healthcare.

关键词： Training Image segmentation Accuracy Machine learning Smart systems Image augmentation Medical diagnostic imaging Blood Skin cancer Synthetic data

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DViTPolyp: Small Polyp Detection in Colonoscopy Videos based on Deep Vision Transformer

DViTPolyp: Small Polyp Detection in Colonoscopy Videos based...

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Electrical, computer and Energy Technologies (ICECET), International Conference on

作者： Ming Ma Likun Xia Hyunseok Seo Dept. of Graduate Computer Science and Engineering Katz School of Science and Health Yeshiva University New York USA College of Information Engineering Capital Normal University Beijing China Biomedical Research Institute Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul South Korea

ISBN: (数字)9798350395914

ISBN: (纸本)9798350395921

Early detection of colorectal polyps and removal play a crucial role in the prevention of colon cancer. computer-aided detection (CAD) methods can be employed to help endoscopists reduce the polyp miss-rates. Numerous automatic polyp detection methods have been explored. However, it is still challenging to automatically detect colon polyps in small size in colonoscopy videos. This paper presents a method termed DViTPolyp for detecting small colorectal polyp in colonoscopy videos. The proposed method leverages the power of the deep vision transformer as the detection head in the network to aggregate rich global features, and uses the re-attention mechanism to regenerate attention maps to capture the features from the backbone model and DViT block. Also, we propose to use a power regularized Intersection Over Union (IoU) as the loss function to further enhance the accuracy of detection. Experiments are conducted on a mix of several public polyp datasets. Comparative results show that our proposed method has a better performance than other methods.

关键词： computer vision Solid modeling Head Design automation Aggregates Prevention and mitigation Colonoscopy Transformers Feature extraction Videos

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Development of a Calibration-Free Brain-computer Interface Utilizing Common Spatial Patterns and Artificial Neural Networks for EEG Signal Analysis 6

Development of a Calibration-Free Brain-Computer Interface U...

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6th International Congress on Human-computer Interaction, Optimization and Robotic Applications, HORA 2024

作者： Cengiz, Korhan Shreyas, J. Udayaprasad, P.K. Gururaj, H.L. Kumar, Dilip S.M. College of Information Technology University of Fujairah United Arab Emirates Faculty of Organization and Informatics University of Zagreb Croatia Croatia Department of Information Technology Manipal Institute of Technology Bengaluru Manipal Academy of Higher Education Karnataka Manipal576104 India Department of Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning Global Academy of Technology Bengaluru India Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering University Visvesvaraya College of Engineering Bangalore India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350394634

A brain computer interface (BCI) system uses a technique known calibration, that takes 20 to 30 minutes to accomplish. For the objective of creating a reliable decoder, the calibration process is challenging and expensive. In order to address the drawbacks of the current system, a spectral-spatial technique has been suggested. The motor imagery (MI) data set, comprising 15 electroencephalography (EEG) signals and fourteen test subjects, is taken into consideration. The two modules are designed to extract characteristics and process data. An artificial neural network (ANN) is used to independently train and test the suggested spectral-spatial algorithm. Based on it, a variety of machine learning techniques, including random forest (RF), neural networks (NN), and XGboost, are used to classify the data, that is then sent to the hidden layer (Lth layer). The obtained results indicates 2% of improvement in comparison with existing methodology. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Electroencephalography

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Classification of Awareness in Disorders of Consciousness Using Common Spatial Pattern

Classification of Awareness in Disorders of Consciousness Us...

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International Winter Workshop on Brain-computer Interface (BCI)

作者： Chaewon Lee Sunho Lee Jitka Annen Ji-Hoon Jeong Marcello Massimini Silvia Casarotto Melanie Boly Olivier Bodart Aurore Thibaut Mario Rosanova Steven Laureys Olivia Gosseries Minji Lee Dept. Data Science The Catholic University of Korea Bucheon Republic of Korea Dept. Biomedical Software Engineering The Catholic University of Korea Bucheon Republic of Korea Dept. GIGA-Research & Neurology University and University Hospital of Liege Liege Belgium Dept. Data Analysis University of Ghent Ghent Belgium Dept. Computer Science Chungbuk National University Cheongju Republic of Korea Dept. Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “L. Sacco” University of Milan Milan Italy Dept. Psychiatry Wisconsin Institute for Sleep and Consciousness University of Wisconsin Madison USA Coma Science Group GIGA-Consciousness GIGA Research Center University of Liège Liège Belgium Centre du Cerveau Neurology department University Hospital of Liège Liège Belgium

ISBN: (数字)9798331521929

ISBN: (纸本)9798331521936

Advances in intensive care have improved the survival rate of patients with severe acute brain injury, but diagnostic errors for patients with disorders of consciousness are still high. Accurate diagnosis of these patients is very important because effective treatment can vary depending on the diagnosis. In this study, we propose a framework for classifying unresponsive wakefulness syndrome and minimally conscious state, focusing on awareness. In particular, power spectral density and common spatial patterns were used together, considering that spatial information is a key feature in consciousness. The 16 patients with unresponsive wakefulness syndrome and 14 with minimally conscious state underwent resting-state electroencephalography measurements. In addition, we compared the performance by utilizing each frequency (delta, theta, alpha, beta, gamma bands) related to consciousness. As a result, the highest accuracy of 95.06% was achieved by the EEGNet classifier, especially in the beta frequency band. We demonstrated that spatial information is very important in consciousness, as we observed that classification performance improved when common spatial patterns were used. These results provide insight into various frameworks for diagnosing patients with disorders of consciousness and may help patients survive by increasing the diagnosis rate in the future.

关键词： Deep learning Accuracy Biological system modeling Pattern classification Focusing Signal processing Brain modeling Particle measurements Electroencephalography Robustness

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Fuzzy-TOPSIS and the Urgency-Seriousness-Growth Scoring Technique to Determine Weights of Uncertainty Issues in School Reopening Factors During COVID-19

Fuzzy-TOPSIS and the Urgency-Seriousness-Growth Scoring Tech...

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IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE)

作者： Feby Artwodini Muqtadiroh Tsuyoshi Usagawa Diana Purwitasari Riris Diana Rachmayanti Eko Mulyanto Yuniarno Supeno Mardi Susiki Nugroho Mauridhi Hery Purnomo Dept. of Electrical Engineering Dept. of Information Systems Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya Indonesia Dept. of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan Dept. of Informatics Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya Indonesia Dept. of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences Faculty of Public Health Universitas Airlangga Surabaya Indonesia Dept. of Electrical Engineering Dept. of Computer Engineering Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya Indonesia

The decision to open schools during a pandemic is considerable controversy because it increases the risk of a spike in COVID-19 cases more quickly. However, the decision to open schools is currently based solely on national policies, which generalize opening schools in every region, potentially leading to unintended consequences during the COVID-19 crisis. This study aims to present new decision-making to rank regions determining which schools are safe to open. By focusing on problem prioritization, we integrate the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to the Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) based on a fuzzy approach and the Urgency-Seriousness-Growth (USG) scoring technique, which we call FT-USG. First, we determine the weight of the expert's argument while putting special attention on the level of urgency, seriousness, and growth of COVID-19 to the school opening issue. The fuzzy number is then calculated based on the average weight generated from the USG result. Thus, the weighted normalization computations can be executed on each factor (criteria). Then, we calculate the rankings for each alternative using the Fuzzy TOPSIS method to determine which region and school can safely reopen. To provide a comprehensive ranking that serves as a basis for decision-making, we conduct a case study to show how the suggested approach is used to address the problems.

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A Study on Text Feature Selection Using Ant Colony and Grey Wolf Optimization

A Study on Text Feature Selection Using Ant Colony and Grey ...

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International Conference on informatics and Computing (ICIC)

作者： Joan Angelina Widians Retantyo Wardoyo Sri Hartati Doctoral Program dept. of Computer Science and Electronics Universitas Gadjah Mada Dept. of Informatics Faculty of Engineering Universitas Mulawarman Samarinda Indonesia Dept. of Computer Science and Electronics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350345728

Text classification (TC) is widely used for organizing digital documents. The issues in TC are numerous characteristics and high-element dimensions. Many pattern classification issues require feature selection (FS), which is pertinent. FS removes unneeded and redundant data from the dataset. The Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) and Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) for FS are the main topics of our thorough assessment of the literature on the Swarm Intelligence (SI) algorithm. Furthermore, it illustrates how the hybrid SI technique is used in FS across various sectors. The hybrid SI technique uses applicable data from various FS methods to find feature subsets with smaller sizes and better classification performance than those found by regular FS algorithms.

关键词： Ant colony optimization Text categorization Pattern classification Filtering algorithms Feature extraction Classification algorithms Particle swarm optimization

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Automated Detection of Poultry Farms from Aerial Images for Actionable AI System toward Biosecurity Applications

Automated Detection of Poultry Farms from Aerial Images for ...

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Applied Imagery Pattern Recognition Workshop (AIPR)

作者： Yu Li Rana Das Cuong Duong Teng-Teeh Lim Timothy Haithcoat Ilker Ersoy Chi-Ren Shyu Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Missouri Columbia MO US Biological Engineering University of Missouri Columbia MO US Plant Science and Technology Extension University of Missouri Columbia MO US Institute for Data Science and Informatics University of Missouri Columbia US Institute for Data Science and Informatics University of Missouri Columbia MO US Electrical Eng. and Computer Science Dept. Institute for Data Science and Informatics University of Missouri Columbia MO US

Poultry productions have shifted towards larger farms and often cluster in certain regions. However, many of the smaller farms with a considerable amount of production are not considered concentrated animal feeding operation under regulation in many regions, and therefore are not required to obtain a permit. As a result, information of these operations is not being recorded and monitored, contributing to an increased risk for biosecurity issues. The development in computer vision and availability of high-resolution remote sensing imagery allows the possibility for automatic localization and operation estimation of the unregistered farms, filling in the missing information needed for biosecurity risk management. The farm information extracted from images can be incorporated with other available geospatial data, such as road networks, watersheds, etc., to build a comprehensive knowledge base for actionable plans. In the current study, we present a framework for automated localization, analysis, and visualization of poultry farms from remote sensing images. A robust machine learning method was developed to computationally link the visual features from remote sensing imagery to Missouri Department of Natural Resources Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation data, to identify the animal farm type, location, and potential capacity in the region. The developed process can be performed automatically on images of different timestamps to analyze temporal and spatial development of poultry production facilities of a region. This research contributes to the effective management and regulation of poultry and potentially other animal farms, providing insights into farm characteristics and capacities while facilitating informed decision-making.

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An Approach to Detect Abnormal Submissions for CodeWorkout Dataset

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Hicks, Alex Shi, Yang Arun-Balajiee Yan, Wei Marwan, Samiha Dept of Computer Science Virginia Tech BlacksburgVA United States Dept of Computer Science Utah State University LoganUT United States Lekshmi-Narayanan Intelligent Systems Program University of Pittsburgh PittsburghPA United States School of Informatics Computing and Cyber Systems North Arizona University FlagstaffAZ United States Dept. of Computer Science University of Virginia CharlottesvilleVA United States

Students’ interactions while solving problems in learning environments (i.e. log data) are often used to support students’ learning. For example, researchers use log data to develop systems that can provide students with personalized problem recommendations based on their knowledge level. However, anomalies in the students’ log data, such as cheating to solve programming problems, could introduce a hidden bias in the log data. As a result, these systems may provide inaccurate problem recommendations, and therefore, defeat their purpose. Classical cheating detection methods, such as MOSS, can be used to detect code plagiarism. However, these methods cannot detect other abnormal events such as a student gaming a system with multiple attempts of similar solutions to a particular programming problem. This paper presents a preliminary study to analyze log data with anomalies. The goal of our work is to overcome the abnormal instances when modeling personalizable recommendations in programming learning environments. © 2024, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Students

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Light up that Droid! On the Effectiveness of Static Analysis Features against App Obfuscation for Android Malware Detection

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Molina-Coronado, Borja Ruggia, Antonio Mori, Usue Merlo, Alessio Mendiburu, Alexander Miguel-Alonso, Jose The Dept. of Computer Architecture and Technology University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Donostia Spain The Dept. of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Donostia Spain The Dept. of Informatics Bioengineering Robotics and Sytems Engineering University of Genoa Genoa Italy The CASD - Centre for Advanced Defense Studies Rome Italy

Malware authors have seen obfuscation as the mean to bypass malware detectors based on static analysis features. For Android, several studies have confirmed that many anti-malware products are easily evaded with simple program transformations. As opposed to these works, ML detection proposals for Android leveraging static analysis features have also been proposed as obfuscation-resilient. Therefore, it needs to be determined to what extent the use of a specific obfuscation strategy or tool poses a risk for the validity of ML malware detectors for Android based on static analysis features. To shed some light in this regard, in this article we assess the impact of specific obfuscation techniques on common features extracted using static analysis and determine whether the changes are significant enough to undermine the effectiveness of ML malware detectors that rely on these features. The experimental results suggest that obfuscation techniques affect all static analysis features to varying degrees across different tools. However, certain features retain their validity for ML malware detection even in the presence of obfuscation. Based on these findings, we propose a ML malware detector for Android that is robust against obfuscation and outperforms current state-of-the-art detectors. © 2023, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Static analysis

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Selecting Machine Learning Models for Student Performance Prediction Aligned with Pedagogical Objectives

Selecting Machine Learning Models for Student Performance Pr...

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Computing (ICOCO), IEEE International Conference on

作者： Ijaz Khan Mohammed Hazli Mohamed Zabil Abdul Rahim Ahmad Nafaa Jabeur Department of Computing College of Computing and Informatics Univsiti Tenaga Nasional Kajang Malaysia Information Technology Dept. Buraimi University College Al-Buraimi Oman Deparment of Computing and Informatics' Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UniTen) Kajang Malaysia Computer Science Dept. German University of Technology Muscat Oman

Machine learning classifiers emerge as productive tools to develop prediction models which forecast the final outcome of the students, in a course, and provide an opportunity to the instructor to take appropriate measures. A single prediction model may not be enough to achieve all the objectives of an instructor. The selection of appropriate prediction models is yet a challenging task. This paper proposes a novel framework that applies a set of machine learning classifiers over the training dataset of a course. Along with the training dataset, the instructor clarifies the prime of objective of the binary model whether it must focus over the identification of fail, pass, or both students. The framework recommends a convenient model to achieve the specific objectives of the instructor. This research concludes that models inclined to reduce misclassification of minority class are suitable if the primary objective of the institution is the correct identification of students who are struggling to achieve the minimum course requirements. Further, a model specialized solely in amplifying the correct classification of majority class instance is appropriate if the aim is to focus on the correct identification of excellent students. The empirical analysis in this research leads towards the fact that accuracy alone is not an adequate metric to assess the performance of a model and that systematic selection of evaluation metrics is required to develop constructive models.

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